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Physicochemical principles of hydrogen metallurgy in blast furnace

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第1期31卷 46-63页

作者： han-jie Guo School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Special Melting and Preparation of High-End Metal Materials Beijing100083China

Based on the stoichiometric method and the free energy minimization method,an ideal model for the reduction of iron oxides by carbon and hydrogen under blast furnace conditions was established,and the reduction efficiency and theoretical energy consumption of the all-carbon blast furnace and the hydrogen-rich blast furnace were *** results show that after the reduction reaction is completed at the bottom of the blast furnace,the gas produced by reduction at 1600℃still has a certain excessive reduction capacity,which is due to the hydrogen brought in by the hydrogen-rich blast as well as the excess carbon monoxide generated by the reaction of the coke and the oxygen brought in by the *** the process of the gas with excessive reduction capacity rising from the bottom of the blast furnace and gas reduction process,the excessive reduction capacity of the gas gradually decreases with the increase in the dydrogen content in the *** the all-carbon blast furnace,the excess gas reduction capacity is the strongest,and the total energy consumption per ton of iron reduction is the *** shows that,for the current operation mode of the blast furnace,adding hydrogen in the blast furnace cannot reduce the consumption of carbon required for reduction per ton of iron,but rather increases the consumption of carbon.

关键词： Hydrogen metallurgy Excess gas reduction capacity Theoretical energy consumption Hydrogen-rich blast furnace Thermodynamic model Gibbs minimum free energy method

Engineered plant extracellular vesicles for autoimmune diseases therapy

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2857-2873页

作者： Ruina han Yan Wu Yafei han Xiangfei Liu han Liu Jiacan Su Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Organoid Research Center Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China National Center for Translational Medicine(Shanghai)SHU Branch Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Zhongye HospitalShanghai 200941China Department of Orthopedics Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China

Autoimmune diseases(AID)encompass a diverse array of conditions characterized by immune system dysregulation,resulting in aberrant responses of B cells and T cells against the body’s own healthy *** extracellular vesicles(PEVs)are nanoscale particles enclosed by phospholipid bilayers,secreted by plant cells,which facilitate intercellular communication by transporting various bioactive *** to their nanoscale structure,safety,abundant sources,low immunogenicity,high yield,biocompatibility,and effective targeting of the colon and liver,PEVs are regarded as a promising platform for the treatment of *** review provides a comprehensive summary of PEV biogenesis,physicochemical and biological properties,internalization mechanisms,isolation methods,and their applications in various diseases,with a specific focus on their potential roles in ***,we propose engineering approaches and administration methods for ***,we present an overview of the advantages and challenges associated with utilizing PEVs for the treatment of *** gaining a comprehensive understanding of PEVs,we anticipate the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for *** and engineered PEVs hold substantial promise as a valuable resource for innovative technologies in AID treatment.

关键词： autoimmune diseases plant extracellular vesicles extracellular vesicles engineering modification

FAST unveils a new era in the discovery of long-period pulsars in globular clusters

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 185-186页

作者： Zhanwen han International Centre of Supernovae Yunnan Key LaboratoryYunnan ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650011China

Globular clusters(GC)are among the oldest celestial bodies in the Milky *** possessing millions of stars and have been going through abundant stellar interactions,GCs are futile ground for hunting for compact objects,particularly,neutron stars.A significant number of fast-spinning millisecond pulsars(MSPs)have been discovered,comprising the majority of known GC pulsars.

关键词： stars pulsars abundant

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On equivalence of state-based potential games

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 313-327页

作者： han WU Jinhuan WAng Institute of Mathematics School of ScienceHebei University of Technology

In this paper, we explore state-based potential games using the semi-tensor product of ***, applying the potential equation, we derive both a necessary and sufficient condition as well as a sufficient condition to verify whether a state-based game qualifies as a potential game. Next, we present two static equivalence conditions of state-based potential games. We then delve into dynamic equivalence. We propose a criterion that allows us to identify state-based games that are dynamically equivalent to state-based potential games and share similar dynamic properties. Ultimately, we introduce the concept of state-based networked evolutionary games. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition to ensure that a state-based networked evolutionary game can be classified as a state-based potential game.

关键词： semi-tensor product of matrices state-based potential game verification equivalence state-based networked evolutionary game

Track-before-detect for bistatic radar based on pseudo-spectrum

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第1期37卷 236-246页

作者： Tao han Gongjian ZHOU School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Track-Before-Detect(TBD) is an efficient method to detect dim targets for radars. Conventional TBD usually follows an approximate motion model of the target, which may cause an inaccurate integration of the target energy. A TBD technique on basis of pseudo-spectrum in mixed coordinates adopting an accurate motion model for bistatic radar system is developed in this *** predicted position in bistatic polar plane is derived according to a nonlinear function that exactly describes the constant Cartesian velocity motion. Then around the predicted position, a pseudo-spectrum is formulated and its samples are accumulated to the integration frame for energy integration. The evolution of the state and the procedure of accumulation of the target energy are derived elaborately. The superior performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by some simulations.

关键词： Weak target detection Bistatic radar Track-before-detect Pseudo-spectrum Multiframe integration

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Thermodynamic and experimental study of high-temperature roasting of blast furnace gas ash for recovery of metallic zinc and iron

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第1期31卷 108-120页

作者： Zi-han Wang Jing Guo han-jie Guo Bin Li School of Metallurgical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055ShaanxiChina

A high-temperature reduction roasting method was used to achieve metallic iron and zinc recovery from blast furnace gas ash(BFA).The reduction processes for Zn-containing and Fe-containing oxides were analyzed in detail by using ther-modynamic equilibrium calculation and the principle of minimum free *** results showed that the main reaction in the system is the reduction of ZnFe_(2)_(4)and iron *** the full temperature range,iron oxides were more easily reduced than zinc *** of the amount of CO contained in the system,the reduction of ZnO to Zn was difficult to proceed below the boiling point(906℃)of *** the reduction temperature is below 906℃,the reduction process of zinc ferrate was ZnFe_(2)_(4)→ZnO;when the reduction temperature is above 906℃,its reduction process becomed ZnFe_(2)_(4)→ZnO→Zn(g).The metallization and dezincification rates of the BFA gradually increased with increasing reaction *** the C/O ratio increased,the metallization and dezincification rates first increased and then *** effect of reduction time on BFA reduction was similar to that of reaction temperature.

关键词： Blast furnace gas ash Thermodynamics Zinc removal Iron reduction High-temperature reduction roasting Integrated utilization

In situ probing of electron transfer at the dynamic MoS_(2)/graphene–water interface for modulating boundary slip

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7513-7521页

作者： Yishu han Dameng Liu State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The boundary slip condition is pivotal for nanoscale fluid *** research has primarily focused on simulating the interaction mechanism between the electronic structure of two-dimensional materials and slip of water at the nanoscale,raising the possibility for ultralow friction flow of water at the ***,experimentally elucidating electronic interactions at the dynamic solid–liquid interface to control boundary slip poses a significant *** this study,the crucial role of electron structures at the dynamic solid–liquid interface in regulating slip length was ***,the slip length of water on the molybdenum disulfide/graphene(MoS_(2)/G)heterostructure(100.9±3.6 nm)significantly exceeded that of either graphene(27.7±2.2 nm)or MoS_(2)(5.7±3.1 nm)*** was also analyzed how electron transfer significantly affected interface *** electrons played a crucial role in determining the type and proportion of excitons at both MoS_(2)–water and MoS_(2)/G–water ***,by applying voltage,distinct photoluminescence(PL)responses at static and dynamic interfaces were discovered,achieving a 5-fold modulation in PL intensity and a 2-fold modulation in the trion to exciton intensity *** electrons transfer from the top graphene to the bottom MoS_(2)at the MoS_(2)/G–water interface,reducing surface charge ***,the reduction of electrostatic interactions between the solid and water leads to an increased slip length of water on the MoS_(2)/G *** process aids in comprehending the origin of frictional resistance at the subatomic *** work establishes a foundation for actively controlling and designing of fluid transport at the nanoscale.

关键词： two-dimensional materials solid-liquid interface photoluminescence excitons electron transfer slip length

Mixed Dead-time Effect Suppression Strategy for Modular Multilevel Converters

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 1075-1084页

作者： Zhi Geng Minxiao han School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China IEEE

Dead time is necessary for the coupled power switches to prevent shoot-through,especially in the modular multilevel converters(MMCs)with a large number of power *** paper proposes a dead-time effect suppression strategy for MMCs with nearest level *** operational principles of MMCs are first *** to the operational features of MMCs,the method that removes a switching signal from the coupled switches and the reduced switching frequency voltage balancing algorithms(RSFVBAs)are mixed in the proposed *** the intervals that are furthest away from the zerocrossing points(ZCP)of arm currents,the single switching signal method can completely eliminate the dead-time effect(DTE).Alternatively,the DTE is suppressed by the RSFVBA in intervals that are close to the *** the combination of the two methods,the dependence of the DTE suppression method on currents is reduced and the influences of ZCP are also released without degrading the normal operation performance of ***,the output performance of MMCs is improved and the voltage stress on the arm inductor dramatically ***,the validation of the method is verified by the simulation results with the professional tool Matlab/Simulink.

关键词： Dead-time effect modular multilevel converters switching frequency voltage balancing algorithm

From Liquid to Solid‑State Lithium Metal Batteries:Fundamental Issues and Recent Developments

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 68-125页

作者： Zhao Zhang Wei‑Qiang han School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

The widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries has been driven by the proliferation of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles,which have increasingly stringent energy density *** metal batteries(LMBs),with their ultralow reduction potential and high theoretical capacity,are widely regarded as the most promising technical pathway for achieving high energy density *** this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of fundamental issues related to high reactivity and migrated interfaces in ***,we propose improved strategies involving interface engineering,3D current collector design,electrolyte optimization,separator modification,application of alloyed anodes,and external field regulation to address these *** utilization of solid-state electrolytes can significantly enhance the safety of LMBs and represents the only viable approach for advancing *** review also encompasses the variation in fundamental issues and design strategies for the transition from liquid to solid *** noteworthy is that the introduction of SSEs will exacerbate differences in electrochemical and mechanical properties at the interface,leading to increased interface inhomogeneity—a critical factor contributing to failure in all-solidstate lithium metal *** on recent research works,this perspective highlights the current status of research on developing high-performance LMBs.

关键词： Lithium metal batteries All-solid-state lithium metal battery Li dendrite Solid electrolyte Interface

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