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A Study of Metaphor in Science

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华东交通大学学报 2004年第6期21卷 144-147,163页

作者： yaowen-qun SchoolofForeignlanguage EastChinaJiaotongUniv.Nanehang330013China

长期以来,人们普遍认为隐喻是一种用来增强文彩的修辞手段;而科技语言一贯以专业、严谨,精确和朴实著称,因此隐喻不应存在于科技语言中.然而,随着认知学的发展,大量的研究和事例证明生活中存在着大量的隐喻,其中包括科技语言.本文试图... 详细信息

长期以来,人们普遍认为隐喻是一种用来增强文彩的修辞手段;而科技语言一贯以专业、严谨,精确和朴实著称,因此隐喻不应存在于科技语言中.然而,随着认知学的发展,大量的研究和事例证明生活中存在着大量的隐喻,其中包括科技语言.本文试图从分析科技隐喻的产生动机,产生途径及巨大功能方面来较为全面地展示科技隐喻的概貌,从而加强人们对科技隐喻的认识与理解.

关键词：科技语言科技隐喻产生途径产生动机

PS-CoT-Adapter: adapting plan-and-solve chain-of-thought for ScienceQA

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 392-393页

作者： qun LI Haixin SUN Fu XIAO Yiming WANG Xinping GAO Bir BHANU School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Purple Mountain Laboratories Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at Riverside

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable performance in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) *** further explore LLMs'reasoning abilities in solving complex problems,recent research [1-3]has investigated chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning in complex multimodal scenarios,such as science question answering (ScienceQA) tasks [4],by fine-tuning multimodal models through human-annotated CoT ***,collected CoT rationales often miss the necessary rea-soning steps and specific expertise.

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Quantum public-key crypto via EPR pairs

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 58-63页

作者： Xiang-qun Fu Hong-Wei Li Jian-Hong Shi Tan Li Wan-Su Bao Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography Information Engineering University Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China

With the development of quantum computing technology, quantum public-key cryptography is gradually becoming an alternative to the existing classical public-key cryptography. This paper designs a quantum trapdoor one-way function via EPR pairs and quantum measurements. Based on this, a new quantum public-key cryptosystem is presented, which offers forward security,and can resist the chosen-plaintext attack and chosen-ciphertext attack. Compared with the existing quantum public-key cryptos,eavesdropping can be automatically detected in this new quantum public-key cryptosystem under a necessary condition, which is also detailed in the paper.

关键词： quantum public-key crypto trapdoor one-way function EPR pairs

Vector meson's spin alignments in high energy reactions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 5-20页

作者： Jin-Hui Chen Zuo-Tang Liang Yu-Gang Ma Xin-Li Sheng qun Wang Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan University Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE)Shandong University INFN-Firenze Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China School of Mechanics and Physics Anhui University of Science and Technology

The global spin alignment of vector mesons has been observed by the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider （RHIC） at Brookhaven National Laboratory （BNL）.It provides a unique opportunity to probe the correlation between the polarized quark and antiquark in the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma （sQGP） produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions,opening a new window to explore the properties of s *** addition,spin alignments of vector mesons have also been observed in other high-energy particle collisions such as e+e-annihilations at high energies where hadron production is dominated by quark fragmentation *** results obtained are quite different from those obtained in heavy ion collisions where quark coalescence/combination mechanism dominates suggesting strong dependence on hadronization *** comprehensive studies in different hadronization processes are *** this article,we present a brief review of theoretical and experimental advances in the study of vector meson’s spin alignments in a variety of high-energy particle collisions,with emphasis on hadronization mechanisms.

关键词： vector meson spin alignment global polarization relativistic heavy ion collisions fragmentation

Identifying the dynamic behaviors in complete reconstruction of Co-based complex precatalysts during electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 226-233页

作者： Jingfang Zhang Danyang Wu Linke Cai Youluan Lu Fanpeng Cheng Lijuan Shi qun Yi Yao Liu Yi Huang Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Central China Normal University College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University

Transition metal-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction（OER）. Considerable research efforts have shown that self-reconstruction occurs on these nanomaterials under operating conditions of OER process. However, most of them undergo incomplete reconstruction with limited thickness of reconstruction layer, leading to low component utilization and arduous exploration of real catalytic mechanism. Herein, we identify the dynamic behaviors in complete reconstruction of Co-based complexes during OER. The hollow phytic acid（PA） cross-linked CoFe-based complex nanoboxes with porous nanowalls are designed because of their good electrolyte penetration and mass transport ability, in favor of the fast and complete reconstruction. A series of experiment characterizations demonstrate that the reconstruction process includes the fast substitution of PA by OH-to form Co（Fe）(OH)xand subsequent potential-driven oxidation to Co（Fe）OOH. The obtained CoFeOOH delivers a low overpotential of 290 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2and a long-term *** experiment results together with theory calculations reveal that the Fe incorporation can result in the electron rearrangement of reconstructed CoFeOOH and optimization of their electronic structure,accounting for the enhanced OER activity. The work provides new insights into complete reconstruction of metal-based complexes during OER and offers guidelines for rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts.

关键词： Oxygen evolution reaction

制造业工匠型人才创新绩效的形成过程与验证——基于自组织目标理论的扎根研究

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华东经济管理 2025年第1期39卷 41-51页

作者：李群王雨欣常州大学商学院江苏常州213159

文章结合自组织目标理论,以制造业工匠型人才为研究对象,通过扎根理论挖掘和分析工匠型人才创新绩效的形成过程。结果表明,工匠型人才的创新绩效产生于心理目标系统建构和实现的循环过程,由“心理目标触发—心理目标建构—行动过程—行... 详细信息

文章结合自组织目标理论,以制造业工匠型人才为研究对象,通过扎根理论挖掘和分析工匠型人才创新绩效的形成过程。结果表明,工匠型人才的创新绩效产生于心理目标系统建构和实现的循环过程,由“心理目标触发—心理目标建构—行动过程—行动结果”构成,心流状态贯穿其中;工匠型人才的创新绩效体现在国家、组织和个体三个层面上,三个层面互为基础、不可分割;创新绩效经由结果反馈再一次作用于心理目标触发,产生新的心理目标,从而进入下一轮循环。在此基础上,通过词频分析进一步验证结论。

关键词：自组织目标理论工匠型人才心流创新绩效扎根理论

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近红外光谱技术在谷物检测中的应用研究进展

食品科学 2025年第3期46卷 267-273页

作者：王子熙沈群赵卿宇中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院国家果蔬加工工程技术研究中心国家粮食产业(青稞深加工)技术创新中心国家粮油标准研究验证测试中心北京100083

谷物作为人类的主要食物,富含多种关键营养成分,如水分、蛋白质、脂肪以及碳水化合物等。但由于谷物长期储存、霉菌污染和含异种粮粒等情况会严重影响谷物品质,危害粮食安全。因此,准确快速地检测谷物的营养成分、理化性质、霉菌污染以... 详细信息

谷物作为人类的主要食物,富含多种关键营养成分,如水分、蛋白质、脂肪以及碳水化合物等。但由于谷物长期储存、霉菌污染和含异种粮粒等情况会严重影响谷物品质,危害粮食安全。因此,准确快速地检测谷物的营养成分、理化性质、霉菌污染以及其他方面对于食品质量控制和营养评估至关重要。近红外光谱技术作为一种快速、非破坏性的检测方法,近年来在粮食分析领域得到广泛应用。本文旨在综述近红外光谱技术在不同谷物营养成分(淀粉、脂肪、蛋白质、生物活性物质等)、理化特性(淀粉黏度特性值、硬度、粉质特性等)、霉菌污染以及其他(新陈度、品种鉴别、重金属和农药残留等)方面的应用现状,总结和比较常见模型算法的优点与不足,并提出目前近红外光谱技术在谷物检测中存在的问题以及未来发展方向,以期为进一步完善近红外光谱技术在谷物检测方面提供一定的参考依据。

关键词：谷物近红外光谱营养成分理化性质霉菌污染

2011—2020年广州市肺结核死亡趋势及年龄-时期-队列模型分析

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中国防痨杂志 2025年第1期47卷 44-50页

作者：李雪秋刘群唐科吴迪广州市胸科医院结核病防治所一分所广州510095 广东省生物制品与药物研究所药理研究室广州510440 广州市疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制部广州510440 广东医科大学公共卫生学院东莞523808

目的:分析2011—2020年广州市肺结核患者的死亡情况和死亡率变化趋势,为制定防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法:采用Joinpoint回归模型分析2011—2020年广州市全年龄段人群肺结核死亡率变化趋势,并计算年度变化百分比(annual percent ch... 详细信息

目的:分析2011—2020年广州市肺结核患者的死亡情况和死亡率变化趋势,为制定防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法:采用Joinpoint回归模型分析2011—2020年广州市全年龄段人群肺结核死亡率变化趋势,并计算年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent change,AAPC);使用年龄-时期-队列模型分析广州市20~85岁人群肺结核死亡风险的年龄、时期和队列效应。结果:广州市2011—2020年报告肺结核死亡患者2144例,年均报告标化死亡率为2.57/10万;男性肺结核标化死亡率为4.19/10万,约为女性标化死亡率(0.96/10万)的4.4倍。10年间广州市肺结核年龄标化死亡率总体呈现下降趋势,AAPC为-4.15%(95%CI:-6.41%~-1.85%,P=0.003);其中,女性肺结核死亡率下降速度高于男性,AAPC分别为-6.72%(95%CI:-10.38%~-2.92%,P=0.004)和-3.55%(95%CI:-6.19%~-0.85%,P=0.017)。在不同年龄段人群中,0~49岁和≥65岁年龄段人群肺结核死亡率均呈现明显下降趋势,AAPC分别为-7.05%(95%CI:-11.52%~-2.34%,P=0.009)和-3.94%(95%CI:-6.22%~-1.62%,P=0.005)。年龄-时期-队列模型的年龄效应显示,随着年龄的增长,肺结核死亡风险不断上升,≥65岁人群尤为显著,发病率由66~67岁年龄组的2.93/10万增长至84~85岁年龄组的6.10/10万。时期效应显示,肺结核死亡风险随着时期的变化总体呈现下降趋势,相对危险度(risk ratio,RR)从2011—2012年时期组的1.35下降至2019—2020年时期组的0.81。队列效应显示,越晚出生的人群肺结核死亡风险越低,RR值从1926—1927年出生队列的5.91降低至1998—1999年出生队列的0.16。结论:广州市肺结核死亡率总体呈不断下降的趋势,但男性和女性肺结核死亡率差距较大。需重点关注男性和≥65岁年龄段的老年人群,并实施针对性的防控和治疗措施。

关键词：结核,肺死亡率回归分析队列研究

Study of Hydrodynamic Characteristics of A Sharp Eagle Wave Energy Converter

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China Ocean Engineering 2017年第3期31卷 364-369页

作者： ZHANG Ya-qun Guangzhou institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Guangzhou 510640 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou 510640 China

According to Newton＇s Second Law and the microwave theory, mechanical analysis of multiple buoys which form Sharp Eagle wave energy converter （WEC） is carried out. The movements of every buoy in three modes couple each other when they are affected with incident waves. Based on the above, mechanical models of the WEC are established, which are concerned with fluid forces, damping forces, hinge forces, and so on. Hydrodynamic parameters of one buoy are obtained by taking the other moving buoy as boundary conditions. Then, by taking those hydrodynamic parameters into the mechanical models, the optimum external damping and optimal capture width ratio are calculated out. Under the condition of the optimum external damping, a plenty of data are obtained, such as the displacements amplitude of each buoy in three modes （sway, heave, pitch）, damping forces, hinge forces, and speed of the hydraulic cylinder. Research results provide theoretical references and basis for Sharp Eagle WECs in the design and manufacture.

关键词： Sharp Eagle wave energy converter (WEC) hydrodynamics capture width ratio optimal external damping,optimization design