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The role of MC1R gene in buffalo coat color

Science china(Life sciences) 2010年第2期53卷 267-272页

作者： MIAO YongWang1,2,WU GuiSheng3,WANG Lei2,LI DaLin4,TANG ShouKun5,LIANG JianPing2,MAO HuaMing2,LUO HuaiRong3 & zhang yaping1,6 1 Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource,Yunnan University,kunming 650091,{2. 2 Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,kunming 650201,{2. 3 kunming institute of Botany,chinese academy of sciences,kunming 650204,{2. 4 Yunnan institute of Buffalo Science and Technology,kunming 650021,{2. 5 Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Luxi city,Luxi 678400,{2. 6 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,kunming institute of zoology,chinese academy of sciences,kunming {2.},{2. 1. Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China2. Faculty of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China3. Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China4. Yunnan Institute of Buffalo Science and Technology Kunming 650021 China5. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Luxi city Luxi 678400 China6. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China

Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) plays a major role in pigmentation in many *** investigate if the MC1R gene is associated with coat color in water buffalo,the coding region of MC1R gene of 2.6 buffalo samples was sequenced,which included 49 black river buffalo (Murrah and Nili-Ravi),136 swamp buffalo (Dehong,Diandongnan,Dechang,Guizhou,and Xilin) with white and gray body,and 31 hybrid offspring of river buffalo Nili-Ravi (or Murrah) and swamp *** the three variation sites found,SNP684 was synonymous,while SNP310 and SNP384 were nonsynonymous,leading to p.S104G and p.I12.M changes,*** Individuals carrying homozygote EBR/EBR were *** genotype and phenotype analysis of the hybrid offspring of black river buffalo and gray swamp buffalo further revealed that the river buffalo type allele EBR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was important for the full function of *** in silico functional analysis showed that the amino acid substitutions p.G104S and p.M12.I had significant impact on the function of *** results indicate that the allele EBR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was associated with the black coat color in buffalo.

关键词： Buffalo coat color MC1R

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^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar dating of shear deformation of the Xianshuihe fault zone in west Sichuan and its tectonic significance

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第9期47卷 794-803页

作者： zhang Yueqiao1, CHEN Wen2. 3 & YANG Nong1 1. institute of Geomechanics, {2. academy of Geological sciences, Beijing 100081, china 2. institute of Geology, {2. academy of Geological sciences, Beijing 100037, china 3. institute of Geology and Geophysics,{12., Beijing 10002., china institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081 China institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Based on field geological survey, structural measurements and classical Ar/Ar dating of mica, biotite and K-feldspar, we obtain cooling ages for Miocene left-lateral shear along the Xianshuihe fault zone. The results document two thermal events during the sinistral shear. The early event (12.10 Ma) corresponds to rapid cooling of the Zheduoshan granitic massif from above 700℃ to below 350℃. The late event (5-3.5 Ma) corresponds to cooling of granites intruded along the eastern side of the fault zone. These dating results provide important thermochronological constraint on the timing of late Cenozoic eastward extrusion of the Chuan-Dian Block in the SE Tibetan margin.

关键词： Xianshuihe fault zone, Zheduoshan granitic massif, sinistral shear deformation, 40Ar/39Ar dating, late Cenozoic.

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Diversity and evolution of MicroRNA gene clusters

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Science china(Life sciences) 2009年第3期52卷 261-266页

作者： zhang YanFeng,zhang Rui & SU Bing State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,{2. institute of zoology,chinese academy of sciences,{2. 6502.3,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China

microRNA(miRNA) gene clusters are a group of miRNA genes clustered within a proximal distance on a *** a large number of miRNA clusters have been uncovered in animal and plant genomes,the functional consequences of this arrangement are still poorly *** in a polycistron,the coexpressed miRNA clusters are pivotal in coordinately regulating multiple processes,including embryonic development,cell cycles and cell *** this review,based on recent progress,we discuss the genomic diversity of miRNA gene clusters,the coordination of expression and function of the clustered miRNAs,and the evolutionarily adaptive processes with gain and loss of the clustering miRNA genes mediated by duplication and transposition events.

关键词： microRNA gene clusters gene duplication adaptive evolution transposition

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Configural processing of different topologically structured figures:an ERP Study

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Science china(Life sciences) 2009年第12期52卷 1198-1204页

作者： zhang JunJun1, ZHU WeiNa2.3,4, DING XiaoJun1, ZHOU ChangLe1, HU XinTian2.3 & MA YuanYe2.3· 1 Lab of Mind, Art and Computation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, china 2.2., chinese academy of sciences, kunming 6502.3, china 3 State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, institute of Biophysics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 1001001, china 4 School of Information Science, Yunnan University, kunming 6502.3, china 1. Lab of Mind Art and Computation Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China 2. kunming institute of zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China 3. State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 1001001 China 4. School of Information Science Yunnan University Kunming 650223 China

According to Chen's theory, topological differences are perceived faster than feature differences in early visual perception. We hypothesized that topological perception is caused by the sensitivity in discriminating figures with and without "holes" . An ERP experiment was conducted utilizing a passive paradigm to investigate the differences in perceiving figures with "hole" and with "no-hole" . The results showed differences in N170 components between figures with "holes" and with "no-holes" . The inversion of the "hole" could influence the latency of N170, but the inversion of the "no-hole" could not, which indicated that global features are processed first in the "hole" perception whilst local features are given priority to the "no-hole" perception. This result was similar to studies concerning face and non-face objects, suggesting a configural processing of the "hole" .

关键词： visual evoked potential topological perception N170

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Coupling between elytra of some beetles: Mechanism, forces and effect of surface texture

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Science china(Life sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 894-901页

作者： DAI ZhenDong1, zhang YaFeng1, LIANG XingCai2.& SUN JiuRong1,3 1 institute for Bio-inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 2.0016,{2. 2.3}, chinese academy of Science, kunming 6502.3,{2. 3 College of Life sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871,{2. 1. institute for Bio-inspired Structure and Surface Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China 2. kunming institute of zoology Chinese Academy of Science Kunming 650223 China 3. College of Life sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Lightweight materials, structures and coupling mechanisms are very important for realizing advanced flight vehicles. Here, we obtained the geometric structures and morphologies of the elytra of beetles and ascertained its coupling zone by using the histological section technique and SEM. We set up a three-dimensional motion observing system to monitor the opening and closing behaviour of elytra in beetles and to determine the motion mechanism. We constructed a force measuring system to measure the coupling forces between elytra. The results show that elytra open and close by rotating about a single axle, where the coupling forces may be as high as 160 times its own bodyweight, the elytra coupling with the tenon and mortise mechanism, surface texture and opening angle between elytra heavily influence the coupling forces. These results may provide insights into the design mechanism and structure for future vehicles of flight.

关键词： beetle elytra coupling mechanism elytral morphology surface texture

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Spectral analysis of quasi-stationary sea surface topography from GRACE mission

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第11期48卷 2040-2048页

作者： zhang Zizhan1,2.& LU Yang1,3 1. institute of Geodesy and Geophysics,{2., Wuhan 430077, china 2. Graduate School of the{2., Beijing 100039, china 3. Unite Center for Astro-geodymics Research,{2., Shanghai 2.0030, china 1. institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 430077 Wuhan China 2. Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. Unite Center for Astro-geodymics Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 200030 Shanghai China

During the last two decades satellite altimetry has offered an abundance of meas-urements of the sea surface resulting in the improvement of global mean sea surface height (MSSH) and marine geoid determination. On the other hand, with the launching of new genera-tion gravity satellites, some high accuracy long-wavelength gravity models are available. These breakthroughs give us a great opportunity for new estimation of quasi-stationary sea surface topography (QSST). In this paper, the new gravity model GGM01C derived from GRACE mission is briefly presented, and a new global high precision and high-resolution QSST is determined based on the GGM01C model and the global MSSH. The spectral features of the QSST esti-mated by GGM01C and EGM96 gravity model to degree/order 2.0 are discussed by spectral analysis. As a result, the QSST is mainly composed of long waves, medium waves partially and short waves scarcely, its power spectral structures are different between the zonal direction and the meridional direction, there are great differences between the two models, which maybe ex-plain why the ocean currents derived from the two gravity models by Tapley show different pat-terns.

关键词： quasi-stationary sea surface topography, mean sea surface height, GGM01, fast Fourier transform, spectral analysis

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Some key technics of drop tower experiment device of National Microgravity Laboratory (china) (NMLC)

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2005年第3期48卷 305-316页

作者： zhang Xiaoqian 1 , YUAN Longgen 1 , WU Wendong 1 , TIAN Lanqiao 2.& yao Kangzhuang 2.1. {2. of Engineering Thermophysics,{2., Beijing 100080, china 2. {2. of Mechanics,{2., Beijing 100080, china 1. institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China

Drop tower is an important ground based facility for microgravity science experiment. The technical performances of the drop tower NMLC are advanced compared with similar facilities in the US, Germany and Japan. The main components such as drop capsule, deceleration devices, release mechanism present its advantages and creativities.

关键词： drop tower facility,drop capsule,deceleration devices,release mechanism.

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Experimental Analysis of Shear Strength of Undisturbed Soil in Leucaena Forest in Jiangjia Ravine,Yunnan,china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第4期7卷 386-395页

作者： JIAO Zhen Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and earth surfaceprocesses ChineseAcademy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Graduate University of chineseacademy of {2. Beijing I ooo49 China institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Science Chengdu 61oo41 China

Five leucaena trees of similar age were chosen in Jiangjia Ravine of Dongchuan,Yunnan Province,china,near which the soil samples were collected by digging profiles 2. in depth and 1m in *** each section,soil samples at different depths were taken for direct shear experiments to determine the root amount and mechanical *** is found that the cohesion and internal friction angle of the undisturbed soil are related to the root amount,depth,clay content and breccias *** correlates negatively with root content,a finding that differs from that of other *** addition,internal friction angle correlates positively with all these factors.

关键词： Jiangjia Ravine Leucaena Undisturbedsoil Shear strength Impact factors

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A preliminary molecular historical biogeography of Caragana (Leguminosae) based on ITS and trnL-F DNA sequence data

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Journal of Arid Land 2009年第1期1卷 64-73页

作者： MingLi zhang1,2. Yun KANG3 , JunBo YANG4 1 Laboratory of Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation in Arid Region, Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography,{2., Urumqi 830011, china 2.institute of Botany,{2., Beijing 100093, china 3 School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 2.0032. china 4 kunming institute of Botany,{2., kunming 6502.4, china chinese Acad Sci Lab Evolut & Biodivers Conservat Arid Reg Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog Urumqi 830011 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Inst Bot Beijing 100093 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Sch Pharm Shanghai 200032 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Kunming Inst Bot Kunming 650204 Peoples R China

The nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cpDNA trnL-F internal spacer (IGS) sequence data of Caragana eight species and one outgroup Halimodendron halodendron, was employed to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree, then the area relationship was analyzed by means of component analysis (CA), Brooks parsimony analysis (BPA), and dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA), six areas were selected from two divided distributions of East Asia and Tethys in Caragana. The phylogenetic tree indicated that there were three distinctive groups, which were attributed to some morphological characters, first with pinnate foliage and deciduous rachis, second with palmate foliage and persistent sclerotic stick rachis, and third with pinnate foliage and persistent sclerotic stick rachis. The results of CA and BPA illustrated general area relationships. An explicit area relationship should be Altai-Sayan, Far East NE china and North china (Hengduan Mountains). DIVA recognized several explanatory vicariance and dispersal events. As the scenario of Caragana distribution pattern, it looks like the vicariance versus dispersal plays more important role. In vicaraince, there are not only the isolated far-distance vicariance, but also the adjacent vicariance especially a vicariance between Hengduan Mountains and North china.

关键词： Caragana ITS trnL-F phylogeny cladistic biogeography DIVA distribution pattern

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Simulation of aerodynamic performance affected by vortex generators on blunt trailing-edge airfoils

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 1-7页

作者： YANG Ke1,2.zhang Lei1,3 & XU JianZhong1,2.1 institute of Engineering Thermophysics,{2. academy of sciences,Beijing 100190,china 2.Key Laboratory of Wind Energy Utilization,{2. academy of sciences,Beijing 100190,china 3 Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100190,china 1. institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China2. Key Laboratory of Wind Energy Utilization Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

An investigation was carried out by numerical simulation on a wind turbine airfoil and a blunt trailing-edge airfoil with and without vortex generators (VGs), and the performance of the airfoils was analyzed. By the simulation of airfoil DU 91-W2.2.0 it was verified that the numerical method and model were credible. Based on this airfoil, a new one with a blunt trailing edge of 6% chord was blended by symmetrically adding thickness, and its characteristics curves were obtained through computing at key angles of attack. Additionally, the pressure distribution on blended airfoil was analyzed by comparing to the airfoil without blend. The interaction of streamwise vortices induced by VGs with trailing vortex or separation vortex was considered, followed by the uncovery of how VGs can suppress the boundary layer separation.

关键词： vortex generators airfoil blunt trailing-edge

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