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The photosynthetic oxygen evolution does not exclude the important role and contribution of bicarbonate photolysis

Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 174-179页

作者： yanyou wu Shaogang Guo State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China

Photosynthesis is the most important biochemical reaction on Earth. It has co-evolved and developed with the Earth, driving the biogeochemical cycle of all elements on the planet and serving as the only chemical process in nature that can convert light energy into chemical energy. Some heavy oxygen isotopic(^(18)O) labeling experiments have"conclusively" demonstrated that the oxygen released by photosynthesis comes only from water and are written into textbooks. However, it is not difficult to find that bicarbonate has never been excluded from the direct substrate of photosynthesis from beginning to end during the history of photosynthesis research. No convincing mechanism can be used to explain photosynthetic oxygen evolution solely from water photolysis. The bicarbonate effect, the Dole effect, the thermodynamic convenience of bicarbonate photolysis, the crystal structure characteristics of photosystem Ⅱ, and the reinterpretation of heavy oxygen isotopic labeling(^(18)O)experiments all indicate that the photosynthetic oxygen evolution does not exclude the important role and contribution of bicarbonate photolysis. The recently proposed view that bicarbonate photolysis is the premise of water photolysis, bicarbonate photolysis and water photolysis work together with a 1:1(mol/mol) stoichiometric relationship, and the stoichiometric relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide released during photosynthetic oxygen evolution is also 1:1, has excellent applicability and objectivity, which can logically and reasonably explain the precise coordination between light and dark reactions during photosynthesis, the bicarbonate effect, the Dole effect, the Kok cycle and the neutrality of water and carbon in *** is of great significance for constructing the bionic artificial photosynthetic reactors and scientifically answering the question of the source of elemental stoichiometric relationships in nature.

关键词： Bicarbonate effect Dole effect Kok cycle Heavy oxygen isotope Artificial photosynthetic reactor

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Bicarbonate use and carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms in photosynthetic organisms

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第5期40卷 846-853页

作者： yanyou wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081People’s Republic of China

Photosynthesis is crucial to the reduction of carbon dioxide in the *** key enzyme of photosynthesis,Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco),has two mutably competing substrates,CO2 and *** has features of carboxylase and *** performs the function of carboxylase to reduce inorganic carbon to form organic substances,which precondition is that more carbon dioxide accumulates around *** dioxide concentrating mechanisms(CCMs)are vital to cope with the limit of carbon *** bicarbonate use pathway has a differential contribution to inorganic carbon *** transport,extracellular bicarbonate dehydration,or H+-ATPase-driven bicarbonate uptake,which induced CCMs,can support a considerable share of photosynthesis in photosynthetic ***,CCMs in thylakoid membranes may be the most *** CCMs occurred in the plasma membrane were secondary,evolutionary,and inducible,while CCMs coupled with photosynthetic oxygen evolution in thylakoid membranes,were primitive,major,and indispensable.A hypothetical schematic model of CCMs occurred in the plasma membrane and thylakoid membranes being proposed.

关键词： Bicarbonate photolysis Inorganic carbon utilization Plasma membrane Photosynthesis Thylakoid membranes

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Is bicarbonate directly used as substrate to participate in photosynthetic oxygen evolution

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第4期40卷 650-658页

作者： yanyou wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences550081 GuiyangPeople’s Republic of China

If the photosynthetic organisms assimilated only CO_(2) in the Archean atmosphere,hydroxide ion in the Archean seawater would not *** plants would not consume bicarbonate as a direct substrate during photosynthesis,it is difficult to explain the evolution of Earth's *** date,it is generally accepted that photosynthetic O_(2) evolution of plants come from water ***,it should be debated by evaluating the effect of bicarbonate in photosynthetic O_(2) evolution,analyzing the role of carbonic anhydrase(CA) in photosynthetic O_(2) evolution,and the relationship between thylakoid CA and photosynthetic O_(2) *** the paper,I propose that bicarbonate is directly used as substrate to participate in photosynthetic O_(2) *** rationality of bicarbonate photolysis of plants is discussed from the thermodynamics and evolution of Earth's *** isotopic evidence that bicarbonate is not the direct substrate of photosynthetic O_(2) release is reexamined,and the new explanation of bicarbonate photolysis in photosynthetic O_(2) evolution is proposed.

关键词： Bicarbonate photolysis Carbonic anhydrase PhotosystemⅡ Photosynthesis Water photolysis

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Combined effect of bicarbonate and water in photosynthetic oxygen evolution and carbon neutrality

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第1期42卷 77-88页

作者： yanyou wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences550081 GuiyangPeople’s Republic of China

Carbon neutrality is widely concerned and highly valued by many *** has always maintained the balance between oxidized organic substances and assimilated organic matter,resulting in netzero carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions and maintaining its own carbon *** has set a good example for human beings to coordinate oxygen(O_(2)) balance and CO_(2)balance,and achieve carbon *** does photosynthetic oxygen evolution initiate carbon and water neutrality?My synthesis shows that photo system Ⅱ functions as carbonic anhydrase to catalyze the reaction of CO_(2)hydration under physiological conditions,and CO_(2)hydration coupled with chemical equilibrium,H^(+)+HCO_(3)^(-)→1/2O_(2)+2e^(-)+2H^(+)+CO_(2),occurs in a photosystem Ⅱ ***,I focused on the revisiting of four classical heavy oxygen(O^(18)) labeling experiments and found that bicarbonate can promote photo synthetic oxygen evolution,and that photo synthetic oxygen evolution can alternately come from bicarbonate and water,not only *** photolysis and water photolysis account for half of the photo synthetic oxygen evolution respectively,which can well explain the bicarbonate effect,Dole effect and plants’ environmental *** oxygen evolution initiated the journey of water metabolism and carbon metabolism in nature,which led to the coupling as 1:1(mol/mol) stoichiometric relationship between the reduction of CO_(2)and oxidation of organic carbon,coordinated the evolution of the atmosphere,hydrosphere,lithosphere and biosphere,and realized "carbon neutrality" in the whole Earth system.

关键词： Bicarbonate photolysis Bicarbonate effect Carbonic anhydrase Dole effect Water photolysis Stoichiometric relationship Carbon metabolism

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利用Δ^(15)N值评估不同硝态氮浓度下的桑树幼苗无机氮供需关系

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广西植物 2024年第3期44卷 576-585页

作者：张富荣吴沿友张开艳江苏大学农业工程学院现代农业装备与技术教育部重点实验室江苏镇江212013 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室贵阳550081 贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院贵阳550001

喀斯特地区土壤中的硝态氮占主导地位,但土壤中的硝态氮含量存在时间和空间上的异质性。因此,种植在喀斯特地区的桑树幼苗可能会遭受低氮胁迫。为了给种植在喀斯特地区的桑树幼苗提供科学的无机氮管理,该研究以桑树幼苗为材料,采用水培... 详细信息

喀斯特地区土壤中的硝态氮占主导地位,但土壤中的硝态氮含量存在时间和空间上的异质性。因此,种植在喀斯特地区的桑树幼苗可能会遭受低氮胁迫。为了给种植在喀斯特地区的桑树幼苗提供科学的无机氮管理,该研究以桑树幼苗为材料,采用水培试验,以改进的霍格兰(Hoagland)营养液为培养基质,以δ^(15)N值为22.35‰的硝酸钠提供唯一氮源,设置3个硝态氮浓度梯度(0.5、2.0、8.0 mmol·L^(-1)),测定桑树幼苗的光合特征以及叶、茎和根的干重、碳含量、氮含量和δ^(15)N值,分析不同供氮水平下桑树幼苗的生理响应,通过整个植株尺度的稳定氮同位素分馏值评估桑树幼苗的氮需求与氮供应的关系,通过植株的氮积累量与碳积累量研究碳氮耦合关系。结果表明:(1)当硝态氮浓度在0.5、2.0 mmol·L^(-1)时,增加硝态氮的浓度能显著提高桑树幼苗的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,进而显著促进生物量的积累。然而,当硝态氮浓度超过2.0 mmol·L^(-1)时,更多的硝态氮供应(8.0 mmol·L^(-1))并没有带来叶绿素含量、净光合速率和生物量的显著增加。(2)增加硝态氮的供应量能促进桑树幼苗的氮同化,桑树幼苗的氮积累量随着硝态氮供应量的增加而逐渐增加,然而,桑树幼苗的碳积累量在硝态氮浓度为2.0 mmol·L^(-1)和8.0 mmol·L^(-1)时无明显变化。(3)桑树幼苗的硝态氮同化产物的稳定氮同位素分馏值在硝态氮浓度为2.0 mmol·L^(-1)时达到最小。综上所述,硝态氮浓度为2.0 mmol·L^(-1)时的无机氮供应量接近桑树幼苗的无机氮需求量,外部氮供应量与植株氮需求量接近平衡意味着植物体内的碳氮代谢能够有效协调,进而实现了碳氮同化产物的同步增长。

关键词：硝态氮桑树碳氮代谢稳定氮同位素分馏氮需求

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土壤逐渐干旱条件下玉米和构树光合特性的变化

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地球与环境 2024年第3期52卷 365-374页

作者：周英吴沿友李海涛苏跃罗亮中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室贵阳550081 中国科学院大学北京100049 贵州农业职业学院贵州清镇551400

在气候和喀斯特地形地貌的影响下,一些喀斯特地区依旧处在日益严重和频发的干旱情况中,这会对植物的光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性产生严重的影响。本文以喀斯特地区两种土壤(粉砂质壤土(Ld)和粉砂质粘壤土(Lc))和两种植物(玉米(Zea mays L.... 详细信息

在气候和喀斯特地形地貌的影响下,一些喀斯特地区依旧处在日益严重和频发的干旱情况中,这会对植物的光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性产生严重的影响。本文以喀斯特地区两种土壤(粉砂质壤土(Ld)和粉砂质粘壤土(Lc))和两种植物(玉米(Zea mays L.)和构树(Broussonetia Papyrifera(Linn.)L'*** Ven.))为研究对象,研究了在逐渐干旱的条件下构树和玉米叶片的光合参数和叶绿素荧光变量的变化规律。研究结果表明,干旱胁迫期间,两种植物的净光合速率(A)、蒸腾速率(E)和气孔导度(gsw)均逐渐降低,胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)后期显著上升,水分利用效率(wuE)均表现为先上升后下降的趋势。在相同土壤中玉米的wuE高于构树,不同土壤中同种植物的最大wuE均为Ld高于Lc。玉米在两种土壤条件下的初始荧光(Fo)随时间的变化呈现前期先降低,中期稳定,后期再快速升高的趋势,最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)的变化趋势与Fo相反。构树的Fo则只存在先下降后升高两个阶段,其Fv/Fm的变化趋势也与Fo相反。同时根据叶片A、gsw和Ci的变化趋势判别出气孔限制和非气孔限制分别是干旱前中期和后期影响玉米和构树光合特性的主要因素,且Lc和Ld中玉米的两种限制的交替时间节点分别为第10天和第9天,构树为第10天和第7天,当超过这个时间点,植物即使复水光合作用也无法回升,也可称此节点为调亏灌溉点。本研究可为了解喀斯特地区植物对干旱环境的适应性和用水特征以及田间水分管理提供科学依据。

关键词：喀斯特土壤玉米构树光合参数叶绿素荧光参数干旱胁迫

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基于双力育种技术筛选铁皮石斛新株系

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种子 2024年第9期43卷 131-134页

作者：吴明开罗鸣吴沿胜吴沿友陶明清苏跃贵州省农作物品种资源研究所贵阳550006 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室贵阳550081 江苏中天智感生命数据有限公司江苏镇江212013 贵州农业职业学院喀斯特适生作物种质资源保护与检测应用工程技术研究中心贵阳551400

双力育种技术是利用叶片的电学行为,获取作物的胞内水代谢、物质代谢和能量代谢等植物生理动力学参数,表征作物生命力和生产力(双力)。以“双力”为评价指标在线快速评价作物的生长机能、发育机能、代谢能力和抗逆机能等,对常规育种中... 详细信息

双力育种技术是利用叶片的电学行为,获取作物的胞内水代谢、物质代谢和能量代谢等植物生理动力学参数,表征作物生命力和生产力(双力)。以“双力”为评价指标在线快速评价作物的生长机能、发育机能、代谢能力和抗逆机能等,对常规育种中的表型和株系、杂交育种的后代以及分子育种的基因型实现在线快速筛选和评价。利用双力育种技术,对16份仿野生附树栽培铁皮石斛资源的叶片胞内水代谢、营养转运能力以及代谢活力进行综合评价,依据得分高低从中筛选出5份适应喀斯特林地附生干燥树皮的铁皮石斛优异株系。继续对得分最高的3份铁皮石斛资源进行筛选和评价,最终获得两次排名均为第一的适宜仿野生干旱逆境铁皮石斛品系LH1,表明双力育种技术能使优良株系筛选效率得到极大的提升。

关键词：铁皮石斛双力育种电生理参数抗逆机能优良株系筛选

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Effect of Zn deficiency and excessive bicarbonate on the allocation and exudation of organic acids in two Moraceae plants

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第1期37卷 125-133页

作者： Kuan Zhao yanyou wu School of Resources and Environment Anqing Normal University Anqing 246011 People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550002 People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Modem Agricultural Equipment and Technology Chinese Ministry of Education Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 People's Republic of China

The effect of zinc(Zn) deficiency and excessive bicarbonate on the allocation and exudation of organic acids in plant organs(root, stem, and leaf) and root exudates of two Moraceae plants(Broussonetia papyrifera and Morus alba) were investigated. Two Moraceae plants were hydroponically grown and cultured in nutrient solution in four different treatments with 0.02 mM Zn or no Zn,combined with no or 10 mM bicarbonate. The variations of organic acids in different plant organs were similar to those of root exudates in the four treatments except B. papyrifera, which was in a treatment that was a combination of 0.02 mM Zn and no bicarbonate. The response characteristics in the production, translocation, and allocation of organic acids in the plant organs and root exudates varied with species and treatments. Organic acids in plant organs and root exudates increased under Zn-deficient conditions,excessive bicarbonate, or both. An increase of organic acids in the leaves resulted in an increase of root-exuded organic acids. B. papyrifera translocated more oxalate and citrate from the roots to the rhizosphere than M. alba under the dual influence of 10 mM bicarbonate and Zn deficiency. Organic acids of leaves may be derived from dark respiration and photorespiration. By comparison, organic acids in stems, roots, and root exudates may be derived from dark respiration and organic acid translocation from the leaves. These results provide evidence for the selective adaptation of plants to environments with low Zn levels or high bicarbonate levels such as a karst ecosystem.

关键词： Adaptation Excessive bicarbonate Organic acids Organs Root exudates Zn deficiency

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The distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ecological system of Mt. Beigu wetland

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2009年第1期28卷 55-60页

作者： wu yanyou Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Institute of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

The Mt. Beigu wetland, which has undergone periodical changes in water level, lies by the Yangtze River, and its dominant plants are Phragmites communis, Phalaris arundinacea and Polygonum lapathifolium. In order to study the distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ecological system of the Mt. Beigu wetland, the authors measured the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in Phragmites communis, Phalaris arundinacea and Polygonum lapathifolium, and the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the wetland soils with different plant species. In addition the authors investigated the influence of various plants on the spatial and seasonal (spring/autumn) distributions of nitrogen and phosphorus in the wetland soil. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in Phalaris arundinacea are significantly higher than those of the other two plant species in the same part. Secondary pollution of phosphorus in the wetland results mainly from Phalaris arundinacea. Phragmites communis effectively carries away nitrogen and phosphorus in the wetland soil in the wet season. The capacity of Polygonum lapathifolium to remove nitrogen is lowest among the 3 species of plants. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for the selection of plant species to restore the ecological environment and for the selection of time and depth for purging silt on the riverside wetland.

关键词：植物群落演替过程竞争特性生物理地球化学

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电能表底数自动拍照装置在仪器仪表领域的研究与应用

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仪器仪表用户 2024年第9期31卷 102-104页

作者：吴彦莜彭鹏娄星区供电支公司

本研究旨在探讨电能表底数自动拍照装置在仪器仪表领域的设计原理、研究与应用，着重于提高能源管理的自动化和精确度。本研究介绍了装置的设计与工作原理，包括图像捕捉、数据处理和传输技术，深入分析了图像识别技术的优化、数据传输... 详细信息

本研究旨在探讨电能表底数自动拍照装置在仪器仪表领域的设计原理、研究与应用，着重于提高能源管理的自动化和精确度。本研究介绍了装置的设计与工作原理，包括图像捕捉、数据处理和传输技术，深入分析了图像识别技术的优化、数据传输的集成性以及装置的经济性评估，指出通过技术创新可以显著提升数据的准确性和处理速度，探讨了该装置在远程监控、智能电网优化和故障检测方面的实际应用，研究结果表明，电能表底数自动拍照装置的应用对于现代能源管理体系的优化具有重要意义，为未来能源监控技术的发展提供了新的方向和视角。

关键词：电能表底数自动拍照装置仪器仪表

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