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毒性危险废物利用处置后鉴别技术要点

环境科学研究 2024年第6期37卷 1357-1362页

作者：郝雅琼张燕群冯均利杨子良中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室生态环境部危险废物鉴别与风险控制重点实验室北京100012 深圳市检验检疫科学研究院广东深圳518000

毒性危险废物是我国固体废物环境管理的重点和难点。危险废物鉴别是识别固体废物危险特性和确定危险废物环境管理对象的重要技术手段和关键依据。目前毒性危险废物利用处置后鉴别的主要问题是对利用和处置情形界定错误、毒性危险特性的... 详细信息

毒性危险废物是我国固体废物环境管理的重点和难点。危险废物鉴别是识别固体废物危险特性和确定危险废物环境管理对象的重要技术手段和关键依据。目前毒性危险废物利用处置后鉴别的主要问题是对利用和处置情形界定错误、毒性危险特性的确定不准确以及对GB 5085.7−2019《危险废物鉴别标准通则》中“危险废物利用处置后判定规则”未充分掌握,致使危险废物鉴别结论依据不足甚至错误。针对存在的关键问题,提出从3个方面提高毒性危险废物利用处置后鉴别技术:①应根据GB 5085.7−2019《危险废物鉴别标准通则》中的利用和处置定义,对毒性危险废物的利用和处置进行界定。②利用《国家危险废物名录》以及危险废物鉴别标准,准确识别被利用和处置危险废物的毒性危险特性,即《国家危险废物名录》所列危险特性为单独毒性的,以及“,”分隔的多个危险特性中列在第一位为毒性的,均为具有毒性危险特性的危险废物;其他固体废物都需要利用危险废物鉴别标准对其毒性危险特性进行认定。③毒性危险废物利用过程产生的固体废物的危险废物鉴别,应首先依据《国家危险废物名录》鉴别,若已经列入《国家危险废物名录》,则属于危险废物,不应根据危险废物鉴别标准和技术规范进行危险废物鉴别;危险废物处置后产生的固体废物的危险废物鉴别,需精准界定“利用”和“处置”,确属处置的,应明确被处置危险废物的毒性危险特性,只有不具有毒性危险特性时,才可对处置后产生的固体废物进行危险废物鉴别。建议从3个方面提高毒性危险废物利用处置后鉴别技术水平,包括梳理危险废物“利用”和“处置”情形界定的关键技术要点,总结该类鉴别最常出现的错误以及相应的正确鉴别技术,以及构建具有典型毒性危险特性的危险废物利用处置全过程中的危险特性识别体系。

关键词：危险废物鉴别毒性利用处置

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锂离子电池生产企业火灾事故处置对策

消防科学与技术 2024年第1期43卷 125-128页

作者：刘靖苏忠波张延群浙江省消防救援总队浙江杭州310000

为了提出锂离子电池生产企业火灾事故处置对策,围绕锂离子电池生产企业建筑和工艺特点,分析其火灾事故主要风险,结合现实案例,针对企业化成后工序段不同灾情发展阶段,提出了相应的处置对策。着重强调了在综合研判到位的基础上,充分利用... 详细信息

为了提出锂离子电池生产企业火灾事故处置对策,围绕锂离子电池生产企业建筑和工艺特点,分析其火灾事故主要风险,结合现实案例,针对企业化成后工序段不同灾情发展阶段,提出了相应的处置对策。着重强调了在综合研判到位的基础上,充分利用应急门作为内攻通道,合理采用“固移结合、控制燃烧、排烟散热”等技战术方法。

关键词：锂离子电池洁净企业火灾事故热失控

Controlling mine pressure by subjecting high-level hard rock strata to ground fracturing

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第6期8卷 1336-1350页

作者： Rui Gao Tiejun Kuang yanqun zhang Wenyang zhang Chunyang Quan College of Mining Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina Jinneng Holding Group Datong 037000ShanxiChina

When mining extra-thick coal seams,the main cause of strong ground pressure are the high-level thick and hard strata,but as yet there is no active and effective control *** paper proposes the method of subjecting hard roofs to ground fracturing,and physical simulation is used to study the control effect of ground fracturing on the strata structure and energy *** results show that ground fracturing changes the structural characteristics of the strata and reduces the energy release intensity and the spatial extent of overburden movement,thereby exerting significant control on the ground *** Datong mining area in China is selected as the engineering *** engineering test was conducted on site by ground horizontal well fracturing,and a 20-m-thick hard rock layer located 110 m vertically above the coal seam was targeted as the fracturing ***-site microseismic monitoring shows that the crack propagation length is up to 216 m and the height is up to 50 ***-site mine pressure monitoring shows that(1)the roadway deformation is reduced to 100 mm,(2)the periodic weighting characteristics of the hydraulic supports are not obvious,and(3)the ground pressure in the working face is controlled significantly,thereby showing that the ground fracturing is *** fracturing changed the breaking characteristics of the high-level hard strata,thereby helping to ameliorate the stress concentration in the stope and providing an effective control approach for hard rock.

关键词： Ground fracturing High-level hard roof Breakage characteristics Pressure control Safety mining

基于混频动态因子模型的数字经济状态指数构建与预测研究——以杭州市为例

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调研世界 2024年第7期 79-86页

作者：张延群尹建兵王妍艳张明进中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济所国网浙江省电力有限公司杭州供电公司中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院

我国数字经济规模不断扩大,在经济发展、税收、就业等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。为及时了解数字经济发展现状、对数字经济发展趋势做出预判,有必要构建刻画数字经济发展状态的数字经济状态指数。本文提出运用混频动态因子模型,从不... 详细信息

我国数字经济规模不断扩大,在经济发展、税收、就业等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。为及时了解数字经济发展现状、对数字经济发展趋势做出预判,有必要构建刻画数字经济发展状态的数字经济状态指数。本文提出运用混频动态因子模型,从不同频度的数据中提取因子构建月度数字经济状态指数的方法,并运用杭州市季度数字经济产业增加值和月度数字经济产业营业收入数据进行实证分析,构建了杭州市月度数字经济状态指数。实证结果表明,所构建的月度数字经济状态指数能很好地刻画数字经济发展状态,且可以为预测季度数字经济状态指数提供有用信息,从而为政府决策提供理论支持。

关键词：数字经济状态指数混频动态因子模型预测

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Effects of straw mulching on microclimate characteristics and evapotranspiration of drip-irrigated winter wheat in North China Plain

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第2期11卷 122-131页

作者： Jiandong Wang yanqun zhang Shihong Gong Di Xu Richard Snyder Yanyu Chen Yuefen Zhao Qinghong Yan State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100048China University of California DavisCA 95616USA Beijing IWHR Corporation China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100048China

Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years(2013-2014 and 2014-2015)to study the effects of straw mulching on microclimate characteristics,energy flux,soil evaporation(Es)and evapotranspiration of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)under adequate drip irrigation in North China Plain(NCP).The results revealed that straw mulching affected air temperature(T_(a))and dew point temperature(T_(d))near the soil surface but had little effect on relative humidity(RH)compared with non-mulched *** mulching increased the turbulent exchange coefficient(K),and K within the canopy was higher than that above the *** mulching clearly increased the sensible heat flux(H)distribution in April-June,and part of the energy needed for evapotranspiration was provided by transfer from the warmer air *** was a linear functional relationship between H and T_(a)measured above and within the *** straw mulching decreased Es but increased crop transpiration(T).Mulched treatment(TM)can decrease the total irrigation amount by about 7%-15%compared with the non-mulched treatment(TN).There were no significant differences(p>0.05)in cumulative crop evapotranspiration(ETc)between TM and TN treatments under adequate drip irrigation,and the use of mulch may need to be combined with an optimal deficit drip irrigation schedule for managing the declining water table in NCP.

关键词： drip irrigation microclimate straw mulching winter wheat evapotranspiration water use efficiency

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河套灌区农业高效节水与面源污染防控技术

水利发展研究 2024年第5期24卷 1-7页

作者：张宝忠闫晋阳张彦群陈皓锐刘凌刘怀宇陈鹤莫彦中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所北京100048 内蒙古河套灌区水利发展中心内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 河海大学水文水资源学院江苏南京210098

针对河套灌区水资源短缺、农业面源污染严重等问题,从不同空间尺度和治理环节入手开展灌区农业高效节水与面源污染源头防控技术研究。研发了针对污染源头的农田水肥盐药调控管理技术模式(包括除草剂残留研究与用量推荐、土壤水氮盐和作... 详细信息

针对河套灌区水资源短缺、农业面源污染严重等问题,从不同空间尺度和治理环节入手开展灌区农业高效节水与面源污染源头防控技术研究。研发了针对污染源头的农田水肥盐药调控管理技术模式(包括除草剂残留研究与用量推荐、土壤水氮盐和作物生长对水肥管理的响应、减量膜上秋浇技术及次生盐渍化土壤微生物改良技术)、针对农田排水的富氧生态沟渠截污净化技术模式和区域尺度的面源污染空间解析识别技术,并集成构建了贯穿源头控污—过程削污—区域查污—系统调污的高效节水型农业面源污染防控技术体系。基于现状研究和新发展理念提出了河套灌区水土资源领域研究的几点认识,相关成果为河套灌区高质量发展提供了重要支撑,对同类型灌区具有重要借鉴意义。

关键词：面源污染源头节水减排排沟综合防控

Starting materials, processes and characteristics of bio-based foams: A review

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第2期9卷 160-173页

作者： Xiaohan Wang Jinwon Jang yanqun Su Jingang Liu Hongjie zhang Zhibin He Yonghao Ni National Engineering Laboratory for Pulp and Paper China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute Co.Ltd.Beijing 100102China Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering University of New BrunswickNew Brunswick E3B 5A3Canada

Biofoam products have attracted considerable attention lately because there is a growing demand for green/sustainable *** this end,various biobased foams have either been developed or are currently in development,e.g.,bio-based polyurethanes(PUs),polylactic acid(PLA),starch,and polyhydroxyalkanotates(PHAs).Indeed,significant progress has been made;however,chal-lenges still persist,for example,biobased foam products have poor processability,inferior com-patibility,thermal and strength *** this review,we focus on five biofoam products:namely bio-based PUs,PLA,starch,PHAs,and cellulose biofoam products,along with their prop-erties and performance,as well as their manufacturing *** efforts are still needed to unlock the full potential of these bio-based products and meet the goal of complementing and gradually replacing some of their fossil-based ***,the challenges,as well as arising opportunities of future research directions are discussed.

关键词： Biofoam Bio-based polyurethanes Polylactic acid Polyhydroxyalkanotate Starch Cellulose Manufacturing process

ICP-OES法同时测定固体废物中碲、钯、铂、锡的含量

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江西化工 2024年第2期40卷 17-20页

作者：张燕群何进林韦欣宜余淑媛冯均利唐梦奇深圳海关后勤管理中心广东深圳518000 南宁海关技术中心广西南宁530022 深圳海关工业品检测技术中心广东深圳518067 深圳市检验检疫科学研究院广东深圳518010

对固体废物中碲(Te)、钯(Pd)、铂(Pt)和锡(Sn)的定量分析有助于识别固体废物和危险废物。本文使用9 mL硝酸、2 mL盐酸、3 mL氢氟酸和1 mL过氧化氢对样品进行微波消解,然后进行赶酸和定容,最后,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测... 详细信息

对固体废物中碲(Te)、钯(Pd)、铂(Pt)和锡(Sn)的定量分析有助于识别固体废物和危险废物。本文使用9 mL硝酸、2 mL盐酸、3 mL氢氟酸和1 mL过氧化氢对样品进行微波消解,然后进行赶酸和定容,最后,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定溶液中Te、Pd、Pt和Sn的含量。本文探讨了预处理的最佳消化温度,分析了仪器不同波长测量结果的差异,并进行检出限测定。结果表明,当消解最高温度为180℃,选择仪器推荐的检测波长时,Te、Pd、Pt、Sn曲线的相关系数在0.9996~0.9999,其检出限为0.1~0.6 mg·kg^(-1);精密度为1.2%~3.3%,回收率为94.1%~102%。该方法检测效率高,精密度、准确度良好,可满足检测和鉴别需求。

关键词： ICP-OES 固体废物碲钯铂锡

Fabrication of telechelic DNA-bridged food emulsion gel as edible ink for 3D printing

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Food Quality and Safety 2024年第1期8卷 158-165页

作者： Ruyuan zhang Hao Huang Rong Ai Dong Li yanqun Xu Weiwei Jin Zisheng Luo College of Biological Chemical Sciences and Engineering Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina College of Ecology Lishui UniversityLishuiChina Ningbo Innovation Center Zhejiang UniversityNingboChina Wenzhou Academy of Agriculture Science Liuhongqiao Road 1000WenzhouChina Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food ProcessingHangzhouChina

Objectives:Interdroplet interactions affect the properties and textures of *** this study,we creatively introduced telechelic DNA to link oil droplets directly at molecular scale to further improve the viscoelastic properties of *** and Methods:A stable emulsion with 70%oil fraction was prepared by adding 40 mg/mL of whey protein isolate and peach gum polysaccharide complex(WPI–PGP complex).The addition of telechelic DNA(0.125–0.375μmol/L)made the emulsion change from a cream-like state to a self-supporting ***:Rheological experiments confirmed that the telechelic DNA could improve the yield stress,storage modulus/loss modulus(Gʹ/Gʹʹ)and apparent viscosity of the emulsion gel in a concentration-dependent manner(0–0.375μmol/L).Inverted fluorescence images clearly showed the interdroplet network of the emulsion gel linked by telechelic *** 3D printing,the emulsion gel with a higher concentration(0.375μmol/L)of telechelic DNA displayed better surface quality and dimensional resolution,indicating improved ***:This study successfully designed a novel telechelic DNA-bridged emulsion gel,which showed great potential as edible ink for 3D printing.

关键词： Telechelic DNA WPI-PGP complex emulsion gel interdroplet interactions 3D printing.