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Dynamic emission characteristics and control strategies of air pollutants from motor vehicles in downtown Beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 637-646页

作者： Yan Shen Tongran Wu Aiping Lian Jie Gao Fei Peng Guohua Song Xuefang Wu yangyang cui Xinyu Liu Yunfei Wan Jing Yan Yifeng Xue National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100037China Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau Beijing 100048China Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100091China

This study combined the real-time monitoring and investigation of traffic flows to comprehensively analyze the road traffic flow and vehicle structure in downtown Beijing.A dynamic emission inventory of motor vehicle air pollutants in downtown Beijing in 2021 was established,and the impact of these emissions on air quality was simulated and quantified,and different emission reduction control scenarios were proposed to evaluate their environmental improvement effects and explore measures to mitigate the impact of pollution emissions.The results show that the high traffic flow and the structure of the motor vehicle emissions in downtown Beijing are the main causes of severe motor vehicle pollution.Monitoring data shows that traffic flow in central Beijing is dominated by small passenger vehicles,while the vehicle mix is better than in other regions,with 72.0%of vehicles meeting"National V"or higher emission standards.However,to achieve higher air quality goals,further reducing vehicle emissions is necessary.Based on dynamic traffic flow,the average daily emissions of nitrogen oxides(NOX),particulate matters(PM_(2.5))and volatile organic compounds(VOC)from motor vehicles in central Beijing are 17.7 tons,0.6 tons and 14.0 tons,respectively,accounting for 23.0%of the city’s average daily motor vehicle emissions.If a zero-emission zone for motor vehicles were implemented in central Beijing,the annual average emission level of pollutants will be reduced by 10.4%to 21.0%.The designation of ultra-low emission zones for motor vehicles could be effective in improving the air quality in the center of Beijing.

关键词： Motor vehicle Air pollutant Emission characteristics Control strategy Beijing

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Ten-year emission characteristics of atmospheric pollutants from incineration of sacrificial offerings in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 391-400页

作者： yangyang cui Gen Zhang Wei Wang Yan Shen Xiaoman Zhai Xuefang Wu Renfei Li Bobo Wu Yifeng Xue National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100037China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Institute of Atmospheric CompositionChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Pollution Control of Ministry of Civil Affairs 101 Institute of Ministry of Civil AffairsBeijing 100070China Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048China

The incineration of sacrificial offerings is a significant widely practiced custom that is also a kind of neglected air pollution source in China.Our results showed that the emission factors of particulate matter,SO_(2),CO,NO_(x),and VOCs emitted from the incineration of sacrificial offerings with purification systems were reduced by 95%,19%,9%,82%,and 42%,respectively,compared with those without a purification system,revealing a significant effect of the flue gas purification system on reducing particulate matter and gaseous pollutants.The emission level of air pollutants from the incineration of sacrificial offerings remained stable before 2013 and then showed a remarkable decrease after the implementation of China′s Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan in 2013.The emissions of TSP(total suspended particulate),PM_(10),PM_(2.5),and NO_(x)in 2009 were 8222,6106,5656 and 15,878 ton,respectively,obviously higher than 3434,2551,2305 and 8579 ton in 2019.Such trend was affected by both the quantity of incineration and the installation rate of purification systems after the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Crematory(GB 13801-2015)issued in China.Distinct spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants from incineration of sacrificial offerings was found with higher in the east and south of China than the west and north of China,which is proportional to the regional economy and population.The maximum ground-level concentration typically occurred at 0.12-0.2 km from the pollution source,posing potential health risks to people entering and exiting funeral and burial sites and nearby residents.

关键词： Incineration of sacrificial offerings Atmospheric pollutants Purification system Emission inventory

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Quantitative Characterization of the Elasticity,Net Creep,and Swelling of the Intervertebral Disc:An In Vitro Experiment

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第4期19卷 1077-1086页

作者： Mengying Yang yangyang cui Yu Zhang Huakai Wu Beibei Hu Song Wang Weiqiang Liu Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab Research Institute of Tsinghua University in ShenzhenShenzhen 518057China ACQTEC Instruments Technology(Shanghai)Limited Shanghai 201706China

During the in vitro creep of intervertebral discs,both applied loads and osmosis of solution influence their biomechanical behaviors.More specifically,the total displacement can be attributed to three parts:the elastic response during the loading period that results from instant tissue deformation;the nonlinear displacement during the creep period that is due to the poro-elastic fluid flow and visco-elastic deformation;and the swelling of discs that are affected by the osmolality.However,their respective contributions to the total displacement are unknown.To this end,this study aims to discern contributions of the above three parts in ex vivo experiments quantitively.Specimens were compressed for 4 h after 0.5 h preload.Displacement and strain were recorded and curve-fitted.The instant elastic displacement was positively related to the applied load,and its proportion rose from 18.09 to 21.46% as the load elevated.While the contribution of the net creep was inversely related to the applied load,dropping from 74.49 to 60.16%.An increase of 0.74 MPa of the osmolality induced a rise in displacement by 7.42-18.38%.Moreover,with the help of the non-contact measurement,researchers are able to know the contribution of each part quantitatively,which is of importance in understanding the creep mechanisms and developing biomaterials with mechanical mimicry of natural discs.

关键词： Intervertebral disc In vitro Creep Compression Non-contact measurement

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Vehicle emissions of primary air pollutants from 2009 to 2019 and projection for the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 513-521页

作者： Tongran Wu yangyang cui Aiping Lian Ye Tian Renfei Li Xinyu Liu Jing Yan Yifeng Xue Huan Liu Bobo Wu National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100037China Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau Beijing 100048China State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Ecology and Environment Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Over the past decade,the emission standards and fuel standards in Beijing have been upgraded twice,and the vehicle structure has been improved by accelerating the elimination of 2.95 million old vehicles.Through the formulation and implementation of these policies,the emissions of carbon monoxide(CO),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)),and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in 2019 were 147.9,25.3,43.4,and 0.91 kton in Beijing,respectively.The emission factor method was adopted to better understand the emissions characteristics of primary air pollutants from combustion engine vehicles and to improve pollution control.In combination with the air quality improvement goals and the status of social and economic development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing,different vehicle pollution control scenarios were established,and emissions reductions were projected.The results show that the emissions of four air pollutants(CO,VOCs,NO_(x),and PM_(2.5))fromvehicles in Beijing decreased by an average of 68% in 2019,compared to their levels in 2009.The contribution of NOx emissions from diesel vehicles increased from 35% in 2009 to 56% in 2019,which indicated that clean and energy-saving diesel vehicle fleets should be further improved.Electric vehicle adoption could be an important measure to reduce pollutant emissions.With the further upgrading of vehicle structure and the adoption of electric vehicles,it is expected that the total emissions of the four vehicle pollutants can be reduced by 20%-41% by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period.

关键词： Emission variations Vehicle structure Electric vehicle 14th Five-Year Plan Air pollution

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Liver cell therapies:cellular sources and grafting strategies

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Frontiers of Medicine 2023年第3期17卷 432-457页

作者： Wencheng Zhang yangyang cui Yuan Du Yong Yang Ting Fang Fengfeng Lu Weixia Kong Canjun Xiao Jun Shi Lola M.Reid Zhiying He Institute for Regenerative Medicine Ji’an HospitalShanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai 200123China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine Shanghai 200335China Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation Shanghai 200120China Postgraduate Training Base of Shanghai East Hospital Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhou 121001China The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006China Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka565-0871Japan Department of General Surgery Ji’an HospitalShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityJi’an 343006China Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology/UNC School of Medicine Chapel HillNC 27599USA

The liver has a complex cellular composition and a remarkable regenerative capacity.The primary cell types in the liver are two parenchymal cell populations,hepatocytes and cholangiocytes,that perform most of the functions of the liver and that are helped through interactions with non-parenchymal cell types comprising stellate cells,endothelia and various hemopoietic cell populations.The regulation of the cells in the liver is mediated by an insoluble complex of proteins and carbohydrates,the extracellular matrix,working synergistically with soluble paracrine and systemic signals.In recent years,with the rapid development of genetic sequencing technologies,research on the liver’s cellular composition and its regulatory mechanisms during various conditions has been extensively explored.Meanwhile breakthroughs in strategies for cell transplantation are enabling a future in which there can be a rescue of patients with end-stage liver diseases,offering potential solutions to the chronic shortage of livers and alternatives to liver transplantation.This review will focus on the cellular mechanisms of liver homeostasis and how to select ideal sources of cells to be transplanted to achieve liver regeneration and repair.Recent advances are summarized for promoting the treatment of end-stage liver diseases by forms of cell transplantation that now include grafting strategies.

关键词： liver regeneration hepatocytes cholangiocytes stem cells organoids regulatory mechanisms transplantation/grafting strategies

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中国西南地区真菌区系新成员:拟胶瑚菌属和焰耳属物种

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菌物学报 2024年第3期43卷 1-13页

作者：崔杨洋范雪萍郭龙洁杨祝良中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室云南昆明650201 高黎贡山国家级自然保护区怒江管护局云南泸水673200 云南省真菌多样性与绿色发展重点实验室云南昆明650201 中国科学院大学北京100049

本研究报道了拟胶瑚菌属Tremellodendropsis的3个新种和焰耳属Guepinia的1新种。它们是梭孢拟胶瑚菌T.fusispora,长椭孢拟胶瑚菌T.oblongispora,隔担拟胶瑚菌T.transseptata和山地焰耳G.montana。这几个新种在中国西南地区真菌区系中较... 详细信息

本研究报道了拟胶瑚菌属Tremellodendropsis的3个新种和焰耳属Guepinia的1新种。它们是梭孢拟胶瑚菌T.fusispora,长椭孢拟胶瑚菌T.oblongispora,隔担拟胶瑚菌T.transseptata和山地焰耳G.montana。这几个新种在中国西南地区真菌区系中较为常见,但过去曾误作为欧洲种处理。本研究基于形态学、分子系统发育和生态习性等证据,证明我国西南的这些物种与欧洲或其他大陆的物种不同,是独立的物种。

关键词：拟胶瑚菌目木耳目形态学系统发育分类学中国西南区系新组成

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伴导管分化的食管癌17例临床病理及分子特征分析

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中华病理学杂志 2024年第3期53卷 276-281页

作者：蒋文娟敖爽崔阳阳卢璐汪春年宁波市临床病理诊断中心宁波315021

目的探讨伴导管分化的食管癌临床病理学特征及分子遗传学特征,为其诊治积累经验。方法收集宁波市临床病理诊断中心2011年6月至2022年12月确诊的伴导管分化的食管癌17例,整理临床及病理诊断信息,通过HE切片观察其组织学特征,选择肿瘤组... 详细信息

目的探讨伴导管分化的食管癌临床病理学特征及分子遗传学特征,为其诊治积累经验。方法收集宁波市临床病理诊断中心2011年6月至2022年12月确诊的伴导管分化的食管癌17例,整理临床及病理诊断信息,通过HE切片观察其组织学特征,选择肿瘤组织区域获取DNA,采用二代测序技术检测并分析肿瘤标本中的基因突变情况。结果17例病例,男性16例,女性1例;患者年龄54~77岁,中位年龄66岁。其中9例以伴导管分化的癌为主,肿瘤表面鳞状上皮均伴有高级别上皮内瘤变,肿瘤与异型鳞状上皮有移行,局灶伴有不同程度的鳞状细胞癌成分(<10%);另外8例肿瘤主体为不同分化程度的鳞状细胞癌或基底样鳞状细胞癌或肉瘤样癌,局灶区域为伴导管分化的癌(<10%);伴导管分化区域的肿瘤细胞主要呈小管状排列,小管呈双层结构,即管腔内层细胞和外层细胞。免疫组织化学结果显示肿瘤性小管外层细胞表达p63、p40、细胞角蛋白(CK)5/6、CK34βE12,内层细胞表达CK7。与文献报道的食管鳞状细胞癌相比较,本组病例中MYC(P=0.002)、TP63(P=0.002)、CDKN1C(P=0.002)和NFE2L2(P=0.045)等基因突变发生频率更低;信号通路层面,NOTCH信号通路(P=0.041)突变发生频率更高,而NRF2通路(P=0.013)和PI3K通路(P=0.009)突变相对于食管鳞状细胞癌发生频率更低。结论伴导管分化的食管癌是一种形态学特殊的食管癌,分子改变与普通的食管鳞状细胞癌也存在明显差异。

关键词：食管肿瘤 DNA突变分析免疫组织化学

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城市地下排水管道中燃气爆炸及气-液两相耦合作用规律

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爆炸与冲击 2024年第3期44卷 88-102页

作者：周刚孔阳崔洋洋钱新明傅砺烨张琦山东科技大学安全与环境工程学院山东青岛266590 山东科技大学矿山灾害预防控制省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地山东青岛266590 应急管理部研究中心中国煤炭工业发展研究中心北京100713 北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室北京100081

为研究城市地下排水管道中燃气爆炸传播特性和气-液两相耦合作用规律,基于气-液两相流理论和计算流体力学方法,对不同水深率下的天然气/空气混合物的爆炸-加速-衰减过程进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明:当水深率小于0.7时,随着水深率的增... 详细信息

为研究城市地下排水管道中燃气爆炸传播特性和气-液两相耦合作用规律,基于气-液两相流理论和计算流体力学方法,对不同水深率下的天然气/空气混合物的爆炸-加速-衰减过程进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明:当水深率小于0.7时,随着水深率的增加,气相空间的长径比增大,燃料燃烧加剧,火焰的加速现象逐渐显著,导致峰值超压逐渐增大,超压峰值显现时间逐渐缩短,且峰值超压沿轴向的提升效果更加显著;当水深率达到0.7时,火焰在管道内的传播明显受阻,水震荡产生的波动及细水柱迅速占据了有限的气相空间,阻断了火焰的自维持传播,使得爆炸超压仅在点火源附近显现。不同水深率条件下,管道中相同区域内,同一时刻水面被扬起的高度和气相区域的速度场不同,被卷扬起的低温液体对其相邻区域的高温火焰形成降温和阻断,之后由于气体的宏观流动,与液面相邻的低温气体流动至管道内高温区域,进而造成管道内火焰温度降低,同时,水的震荡和细水柱的飞扬大大降低了爆炸超压风险。

关键词：城市排水管道天然气爆炸爆炸超压火焰熄灭

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补肾促排卵汤对反复移植失败患者卵子质量及体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

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海军医学杂志 2024年第1期45卷 76-80页

作者：崔阳阳田丰王文华晋中婴泰妇产医院生殖医学科山西晋中030600

目的探讨补肾促排卵汤对反复移植失败患者卵子质量及妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2021年1月于晋中婴泰妇产医院生殖医学科因反复移植失败再次接受体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗的86例患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对... 详细信息

目的探讨补肾促排卵汤对反复移植失败患者卵子质量及妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2021年1月于晋中婴泰妇产医院生殖医学科因反复移植失败再次接受体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗的86例患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各43例,对照组在IVF-ET治疗前2 d采用黄体酮治疗,观察组在对照组基础上于移植前月经周期黄体生成素峰值时联用补肾促排卵汤治疗,2组患者连续用药3个月经周期,观察并对比2组患者中医症状评分、激素水平、卵子质量、子宫内膜及血流情况。结果治疗3个月经周期后观察组经色暗淡、腰膝酸软、阴道干涩各项中医症候评分低于对照组(P<0.05);移植后第3周,观察组血清孕酮(P)和雌二醇(E_2)水平高于对照组(P<0.05),卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平低于对照组(P<0.05);排卵日观察组子宫内膜厚度厚于对照组(P<0.05),子宫动脉阻力指数(RI)和搏动指数(PI)低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组受精率高于对照组,平均获得卵子数多于对照组(P<0.05);观察组临床妊娠率、分娩孕周、新生儿体重、新生儿1 min Apgar评分高于对照组(P<0.05),早期流产率和早产率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论补肾促排卵汤能改善反复移植失败再次接受IVF-ET治疗患者的中医症候评分,促进子宫血流循环,提高性激素水平及卵子质量,从而降低妊娠不良结局发生率。

关键词：补肾促排卵汤不孕症体外受精-胚胎移植卵子质量妊娠结局

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Developments in diagnostic applications of saliva in human organ diseases

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2022年第1期13卷 1-11页

作者： yangyang cui Mengying Yang Jia Zhu Hangkun Zhang Zhili Duan Song Wang Zhenhua Liao Weiqiang Liu Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab Research Institute of Tsinghua University in ShenzhenShenzhen518057China

Saliva is one of the important body fluids that reflects normal internal characteristics and disease state of an individual.As a multi-composition oral fluid,has high potential for the surveillance of general health and disease,which contains various disease signal biomarkers and is non-invasive,convenient,fast and easy to be accepted by patients.At present,saliva is increasingly used as a biological fluid for diagnosis,monitoring systemic disease states and predicting disease progression,which has been verified.In this review,the molecular compositions and effectiveness of saliva as reliable biological fluid were discussed.Besides the latest research progress in the diagnosis of saliva related to 14 organs were reviewed.The factors affecting saliva diagnosis were discussed.The method to improve the accuracy of prediction through artificial intelligence combined with microfluidic chip was proposed,which laid the foundation for dealing with the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of related diseases through saliva with great and long-term significance.

关键词： Saliva Biomarkers Saliva diagnostics Organ Body fluids

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