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Soil Erosion and Its Basic Characteristics at Karst Rocky-desertified Land Consolidation Area: A Case Study at Muzhe Village of Xichou County in Southeast Yunnan, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第1期7卷 55-72页

作者： yang Zisheng yang Longfei zhang Bosheng Institute of Land & Resources and Sustainable Development Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming650221 China

Xichou County of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in southeast Yunnan is one of the karst mountainous areas in southwest China showing typical rock desertification. During this study, we set up three soil erosion contrast test spots at Muzhe Village, Benggu Township, Xichou County, which was the birthplace of the Xichou rock-desertified land consolidation mode. The three spots included the terrace land spot （already consolidated land）, sloping land spot （unconsolidated sloping land under rock desertification）, and standard runoff spot （bare land spot）. In 2007, a whole-year complete observation was conducted during the rainy season and ＂rainfall-erosion＂ data were obtained for 32 times. Our analysis showed that during the entire observation period, the number of the rainfalls that led to soil erosion accounted for 34.04% of the number of all rainfalls and the amount of the rainfalls that led to soil erosion accounted for 84.17% of the total amount of all rainfalls. The average erosive rainfall standard in the three test spots was 11.0mm, slightly higher than the lO mm standard that has been adopted all over China, but lower than the 12.7 mm standard of the US and the 13.0 mm standard of Japan. According to single-factor analysis, the soil loss in the sloping land spot （L2） and that in the bare land spot （L3） are correlated to certain extent to manyother factors, including the single precipitation （P）, rainfall intensity during the maximum ten minutes （Lo）, rainfall intensity during the maximum 20 minutes （I2o）, rainfall intensity during the maximum 30 minutes （I30）, rainfall intensity during the maximum 40 minutes （I4o）, and rainfall intensity during the maximum 6o minutes （I60）. Among these factors, they are of the highest relativity with I6o. According to double-factor analysis, both L2 and L3 are of good relativity with P and I60. According to multi-factor analysis, L2 and L3 are also of good relativity with seven rainfall indexes, namely, P, Ia （ave

关键词： karst mountainous area rockdesertification land consolidation soil erosion testspot Xichou County

Graft of Chiral Amino Alcohol onto Poly（menthyl vinyl ketone） and the Grafted Polymer＇s Inducement to the Asymmetric Addition of Phenylacetylene to Aromatic Ketone

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2015年第4期31卷 669-673页

作者： LIU Can ZHOU Ya yang Liwen yang Nianfa zhang Anlin Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China

A new kind of optically active polymer bearing chiral amino alcohol was prepared by means of graft. The resulting grafted polymer was obtained as follows. First, the carbonyl of optically active helical poly（menthyl vinyl ketone）（poly-MVK） was reduced to hydroxyl group with lithium aluminum hydride as a reductant to yield poly（1-menthyl-2-propen-1-ol）（poly-MPO）. Second, the hydroxyl group of poly-MPO reacted with epichlorohydrin to yield methyloxirane-loading poly-MPO[（poly-MPO）-MO]. Third, the（poly-MPO）-MO reacted with amine to pro- duce optically active polymer bearing chiral amino alcohol[（poly-MPO）-APO]. The （poly-MPO）-APO was applied to the asymmetric addition of phenylacetylene to aromatic ketone. Good enantioselectivities were achieved and the catalyst could be recovered and reused 5 times with unchanged enantioselectivity and slightly decreased activity.

关键词： Chiral amino alcohol Graft Poly(menthyl vinyl ketone) Enantioselective addition

Experimental studies on ozonation of ethylenethiourea

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第1期23卷 65-69页

作者： Xinyu Dong Junwang Meng Bo yang yang zhang Jie Gan XiShu Jinian Shu Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China. E-mail: xinyudong@***

The experimental study on ozonation of ethylenethiourea （ETU） is conducted. The reaction of gas-phase ETU with 0.63 × 10^-6 mol/L ozone is carried out in a 200-L reaction chamber. The secondary organic aerosol （SOA） resulted from the ozonation of gas-phase ETU is observed with a scanning mobility particle size （SMPS）. The rapid exponential growth of SOA reveals that the atmospheric lifetime of ETU vapor towards ozone reaction is less than four days. The ozonation of dry ETU particles, ETU-contained water droplets and ETU aqueous solution is investigated with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer （VUV- ATOFMS）. The formation of 2-imidazoline is observed in the ozonation of dry ETU particles and ETU-contained water droplets. The formation of 2-imidazoline and ethvlenerea is observed in the ozonation of ETU aqueous solution.

关键词： ethylenethiourea pesticide ozonation VUV photoionization AMS

The Mechanisms of Brassinosteroids＇ Action： From Signal Transduction to Plant Development

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 588-600页

作者： Cang-Jin yang Chi zhang yang-Ning Lu Jia-Qi Jin Xue-Lu Wang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China

Brassinosteroids play diverse roles in plant growth and development. Plants deficient in brassinosteroid （BR） biosynthesis or defective in signal transduction show many abnormal developmental phenotypes, indicating the importance of both BR biosynthesis and the signaling pathway in regulating these biological processes. Recently, using genetics, proteomics, genomics, cell biology, and many other approaches, more components involved in the BR signaling pathway were identified. Furthermore, the physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms by which BRs regulate various aspects of plant development, are being discovered. These include root development, anther and pollen development and formation, stem elongation, vasculature differentiation, and cellulose biosynthesis, suggesting that the biological functions of BRs are far beyond promoting cell elongation, This review will focus on the up-to-date progresses about regulatory mechanisms of the BR signaling pathway and the physiological and molecular mechanisms whereby BRs regulate plant growth and development.

关键词： Arabidopsis brassinosteroid cross-talk phosphorylation plant development signaling pathway stresses.

Uncovering the profile of mutations of transforming growth factor beta-induced gene in Chinese corneal dystrophy patients

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第2期9卷 198-203页

作者： Xiao-Dan Hao yang-yang zhang Peng Chen Su-Xia Li Ye Wang State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Shandong Eye InstituteShandong Academy of Medical Sciences Shandong Eye Hospital Shandong Eye Institute Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences

AIM： To uncover the mutations profile of transforming growth factor beta-induced （TGFBI） gene in Chinese corneal dystrophy patients and further investigate the characteristics of genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS： Forty-two subjects （6 unrelated families including 15 patients and 8 unaffected members, and 19 sporadic patients） of Chinese origin were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The corneal phenotypes of patients were documented by slit lamp photography. Mutation screening of the coding regions of TGFBI was performed by direct sequencing. RESULTS： We detected four corneal dystrophy types. The most frequent phenotypes were granular corneal dystrophy （GCD）（including 3 families and 8 sporadic patients） and lattice corneal dystrophy （LCD）（including 2 families and 9 sporadic patients）. The next phenotypes were corneal dystrophy of Bowman layer （CDB）（1 family and 1 sporadic patient） and epithelial basement membrane dystrophy （EBMD）（1 sporadic patient）. Six distinct mutations responsible for TGFBI corneal dystrophies were identified in 30 individuals with corneal dystrophies. Those were, p.R124H mutation in 1 family and 2 sporadic patients with GCD, p.R555W mutation in 2 families and 3 sporadic patients with GCD, p.R124C mutation in 2 families and 7 sporadic patients with LCD, p.A620D mutation in 1 sporadic patient with LCD, p.H626R mutation in 1 sporadic patient with LCD, and p.R555Q in 1 family and 1 sporadic patient with CDB. No mutation was detected in the remaining 3 atypical GCD patients and 1 EBMD patient, CONCLUSION： GCD and LCD are the most frequent phenotypes in Chinese population. R555W was the most common mutation for GCD; R124C was the most common mutation for LCD, Our findings extend the mutational spectrum of TFGBI , and this is the extensively delineated TGFBI mutation profile associated with the various corneal dystrophies in the Chinese population.

关键词： transforming growth factor beta-induce corneal dystrophy mutations Chinese

The application of machine learning under supervision in identification of shale lamina combination types——A case study of Chang 7_(3)sub-member organic-rich shales in the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,NW China

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Petroleum Science 2021年第6期18卷 1619-1629页

作者： Yuan-Yuan zhang Ke-Lai Xi Ying-Chang Cao Bao-Hai Yu Hao Wang Mi-Ruo Lin Ke Li yang-yang zhang Deep Oil and Gas Key Laboratory China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong 266580China No.7 Oil Recovery Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi'anShaanxi 710000China Fengcheng Oil Recovery Plant of PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company KaramayXinjiang 834000China

Organic rich laminated shale is one type of favorable reservoirs for exploration and development of continental shale oil in ***,with limited geological data,it is difficult to predict the spatial distribution of laminated shale with great vertical *** solve this problem,taking Chang 73 sub-member in Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin as an example,an idea of predicting lamina combinations by combining'conventional log data-mineral composition prediction-lamina combination type identification'has been worked out based on machine learning under supervision on the premise of adequate knowledge of characteristics of lamina mineral ***,the main mineral components of the work area were figured out by analyzing core data,and the log data sensitive to changes of the mineral components was extracted;then machine learning was used to construct the mapping relationship between the two;based on the variations in mineral composition,the lamina combination types in typical wells of the research area were identified to verify the *** results show the approach of'conventional log data-mineral composition prediction-lamina combination type identification'works well in identifying the types of shale lamina *** approach was applied to Chang 73 sub-member in Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin to find out planar distribution characteristics of the laminae.

关键词： Organic-rich shale Laminae combination Conventional logs Machine learning Ordos Basin

Separate Neural Networks for Gains and Losses in Intertemporal Choice

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第5期34卷 725-735页

作者： yang-yang zhang Lijuan Xu Zhu-Yuan Liang Kun Wang Bing Hou Yuan Zhou Shu Li Tianzi Jiang School of Psychology Shaanxi Normal University Brainnetome Center Institute of Automation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Institute of Psychology Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Zhejiang University CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

An important and unresolved question is how human brain regions process information and interact with each other in intertemporal choice related to gains and losses. Using psychophysiological interaction and dynamic causal modeling analyses, we investigated the functional interactions between regions involved in the decision- making process while participants performed temporal discounting tasks in both the gains and losses domains. We found two distinct intrinsic valuation systems underlying temporal discounting in the gains and losses domains： gains were specifically evaluated in the medial regions, including the medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, and losses were evaluated in the lateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In addition, immediate reward or pun- ishment was found to modulate the functional interactions between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and distinct regions in both the gains and losses domains： in the gains domain, the mesolimbic regions; in the losses domain, the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula. These findings suggest that intertemporal choice of gains and losses might involve distinct valuation systems, and more importantly, separate neural interactions may implement the intertemporal choices of gains and losses. These findings may provide a new biological perspective for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying intertemporal choice of gains and losses.

关键词： Intertemporal choice Discounting losses Effective connectivity Dynamic causal model Dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex Insula

A comparative study of risk factors for corneal infection in diabetic and non-diabetic patients

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第1期11卷 43-47页

作者： Bin Wang Shuo yang Hua-Lei Zhai yang-yang zhang Chun-Xia Cui Jun-Yi Wang Li-Xin Xie Shandong University Jinan 250100Shandong ProvinceChina Qingdao Eye Hospital Shandong Eye InstituteShandongAcademy of Medical SciencesQingdao 266071Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology the First Affiliated Hospitalof Baotou Medical CollegeBaotou 014010Inner MongoliaAutonomous RegionChina Eye Center Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010031Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionChina

AIM： To compare the clinical characteristics of infectious keratopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） and nondiabetes mellitus（NDM） and to investigate risk factors for infectious keratopathy in T2DM patients. METHODS： Totally 230 patients with T2DM and 168 with NDM diagnosed as infectious keratopathy were hospitalized at Qingdao Eye Hospital from 2001 to 2015. Data including sex, age, occupation, season, smoking and alcohol consumption habits, duration between onset and treatments, duration of hospitalization were collected. Initially identified indicators were analyzed with a multivariate logistic regression. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1 c（Hb A1 c） in patients with T2DM was analyzed. The infectious keratopathies in the two groups were categorized and ***： The diabetic group consisted of 146（63.5%） males and 84（36.5%） females. The NDM group consisted of 111（66.1%） males and 57（33.9%） females. There was no signigicantly difference in sex distribution between the two groups（P〉0.05）. There were significant differences in age, occupation of patients, season of the onset of diseases, duration between onset and treatment, and durations of hospitalization between the two groups（P〈0.05）. In most of the patients in the diabetic group, the duration between onsetand treatment was ≤3 mo, and most was ≥3 mo in the NDM group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age and season were related to the development of corneal infection in the T2DM group（OR=1.709, 1.706）. In the T2DM group, Hb A1 c was 9.09%±2.12%. There were statistically significant differences in the incidences of bacterial keratitis and herpes simplex keratitis in the two groups（P〈0.05）, but no significant statistical difference was found between fungal keratitis and amoebic keratitis（P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： Advanced age and the summer and winter seasons are identified as risk factors for infectious keratopathy in T2DM patients, and T2DM patients are more prone to bacterial keratitis.

关键词： infectious keratopathy type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors

Efficacy of rhNGF-loaded amniotic membrane transplantation for rabbit corneal epithelial and nerve regeneration

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第11期14卷 1653-1659页

作者： Lu-Qin Wan yang-yang zhang Hui-Feng Wang Chen Chen Hua Li Yuan zhang Jun-Fa Xue Qing-Jun Zhou Li-Xin Xie Medical College of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000Shandong ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyShandong Eye InstituteShandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesQingdao 266071Shandong ProvinceChina

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human nerve growth factor-loaded amniotic membrane(rh NGF-AM)on corneal epithelial and nerve regeneration in rabbit ***:Freshly prepared human amniotic membrane(AM)were immersed into PBS buffer containing 100 or 500μg/mL rh NGF for 15,30,and 60 min at 4℃.The in vitro release kinetics of rh NGF was measured with *** in vivo evaluation,the AM were immersed with 500μg/mL rh NGF for 30 ***-seven rabbits were selected to establish corneal epithelial defect *** addition to the 19 rabbits in control group,38 rabbits received AM transplantation with or without rh NGF after the removal of central *** epithelial defect area,sub-epithelial nerve fiber density,corneal sensitivity,rh NGF contents in resident AM and corneas were measured after the ***:rh NGF was sustained release from the AM within 14 d in vitro,with the positive correlation with initial immersion *** immersion of AM in 500μg/mL rh NGF for 30 min achieved the most stable release within 14 *** transplantation in rabbit cornea,a high concentration of rh NGF in resident rh NGF-AM and cornea was maintained within 8 *** epithelial healing,nerve fiber regeneration and the recovery of corneal sensitivity were significantly accelerated after the rh NGF-AM transplantation when compared to simple AM transplantation(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Simple immersion of AM achieves the sustained release of rh NGF,and promotes corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration,as well as the recovery of corneal sensitivity in rabbit.

关键词： recombinant human nerve growth factor amniotic membrane drug-loaded corneal epithelium nerve regenerati on