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中美食品中金黄色葡萄球菌检验标准的异同

中国标准化 2024年第11期 205-209页

作者：杨金众丁卫平潘舰阳信县综合检验检测中心滨州市检验检测中心

金黄色葡萄球菌是一种常见的能引起食物中毒的食源性致病菌,如若控制不当,会严重危害人类健康。准确的鉴定是食源性致病菌防控工作的关键,而检验标准又是食源性致病菌鉴定的基础与依据。为使我国食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的检测更加科学准确... 详细信息

金黄色葡萄球菌是一种常见的能引起食物中毒的食源性致病菌,如若控制不当,会严重危害人类健康。准确的鉴定是食源性致病菌防控工作的关键,而检验标准又是食源性致病菌鉴定的基础与依据。为使我国食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的检测更加科学准确,本文对中国及美国食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的检验标准进行了系统比较分析。结果表明,我国食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的检验标准与美国所使用标准既有不少的相同点,在检验方法数量、操作步骤等方面又有很多的不同点。美国所使用标准中有些细节规定非常值得我国借鉴,比如血浆凝固酶试验结果分级及补充生化鉴定试验的规定。建议在我国食源性致病菌相关检验标准的制修订过程中,积极借鉴其他国家及国际组织检验标准中的先进之处,不断提高我国食品安全标准的制修订水平。

关键词：食品金黄色葡萄球菌菌检验标准比较

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STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER FLOW SUBJECT TO RANDOM BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第5期20卷 553-560页

作者： SHI Liang-sheng yang jin-zhong CAI Shu-ying LIN Lin State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

A stochastic model was developed to simulate the flow in heterogeneous media subject to random boundary conditions. Approximate partial differential equations were derived based on the Karhunen-Loeve （KL） expansion and perturbation expansion. The effect of random boundary conditions on the two-dimensional flow was examined. It is shown that the proposed stochastic model is efficient to include the random boundary conditions. The random boundaries lead to the increase of head variance and velocity variance. The influence of the random boundary conditions on head uncertainty is exerted over the whole simulated region, while the randomness of the boundary conditions leads to the increase of the velocity variance in the vicinity of boundaries.

关键词： groundwater flow Karhunen-Loeve (KL) expansion hydraulic head random boundary variance

QUALIFICATION OF UNCERTAINTY FOR SIMULATING SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN THE HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA WITH SPARSE GRID COLLOCATION METHOD

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第6期21卷 779-789页

作者： SHI Liang-sheng yang jin-zhong State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China The Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

The sparse grid collocation method is discussed to qualify the uncertainty of solute transport. The Karhunen-Loeve （KL） expansion is employed to decompose the log transformed hydraulic conductivity. The head, velocity and concentration fields are represented by the Lagrange polynomial expansion. A sparse grid collocation method is then used to reduce the original stochastic partial differential equations to a set of deterministic equations which is collocated at selected interpolation （collocation） points. The collocation points are constructed by the Smolyak algorithm. The accuracy, efficiency and convergence property of sparse grid collocation method are investigated by numerical experiments. The analysis shows that stochastic collocation strategy helps to decouple stochastic computations, and all the numerical computation is possible to be implemented by existing deterministic finite element codes. The proposed method provides an efficient way to evaluate the uncertainty of the solute transport in the heterogeneous media.

关键词： stochastic partial differential equations collocation method solute transport uncertainty

THE UNITED METHOD FOR THE CALCULATION OF SEEPAGE CONTROL BY ADOPTING WEIGHTING SOIL LAYER ON THE BACK SIDE OF DIKE

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第4期13卷 92-97页

作者： Liu Chuan-shun, yang jin-zhong College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China Wuhan Univ. Wuhan 430072 China

Constructing a weighting soil layer at the downstream toe of dike on layered ground is an effective measure to prevent the foundation from blowout failures. In this paper, a series of differential equations describing the seepage flow in layered dike foundation were established, and a united method combining analytic method with one-dimensional finite difference method was proposed for solving the equations. The case study shows that the results calculated by the united method are considerably identical to the computational results of Finite Element Method (FEM), and the united method is very simple and easy compared to the FEM.

关键词： dike weighting soil layer seepage calculation seepage control united method

BmCalpains are involved in autophagy and apoptosis during metamorphosis and after starvation in Bombyx mori

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Insect Science 2018年第3期25卷 379-388页

作者： Hui-Yu Yi Wan-Ying yang Wen-Mei Wu Xing-Xia Li Xiao-Juan Deng Qing-Rong Li yang Cao yang-jin zhong Ya-Dong Huang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory ofAgro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China College of Life Science and Technology Jinan University Guangzhou China The Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou China

Apoptosis and autophagy play crucial roles during Bombyx mori metamorphosis and in response to various adverse conditions, including starvation. Recently, calpain, one of the major intracellular proteases, has been reported to be involved in apoptosis and autophagy in mammals. BmATG5 and BmATG6 have been identified to mediate apoptosis following autophagy induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone and starvation in B. mori. However, B. mori calpains and their functions remain unclear. In this study, phylogenetic analysis of calpains from B. mori, Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens were performed and the results showed distinct close relationships of BmCalpain-A/B with DmCalpain- A/B, BmCalpain-C with DmCalpain-C, and BmCalpain-7 with HsCalpain-7. Then, the expression profiles of BmCalpains were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and results showed that expression ofBmCalpain-A/B, BmCalpain-C and BmCalpain-7 was significantly increased during B. mori metamorphosis and induced in the fat body and midgut of starved larvae, which is consistent with the expression profiles ofBmAtgS, BmAtg6 and BmCaspase-1. Moreover, the apoptosis-associated cleavage of BmATG6 in Bm-12 cells was significantly enhanced when BmCalpain-A/B and BmCalpain-7 were induced by starvation, and was partially inhibited by the inhibitor of either calpain or caspase, but completely inhibited when both types of inhibitors were applied together. Our results indicated that BmCalpains, including BmCalpain-A/B, -C and -7, may be involved in autophagy and apoptosis during B. mori metamorphosis and after starvation, and may also contribute to the apoptosis-associated cleavage of BmATG6.

关键词： apoptosis autophagy BmATG6 Bombyx mori calpain starvation

Decoding the Cellular Trafficking of Prion-like Proteins in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 241-254页

作者： Chenjun Hu Yiqun Yan Yanhong jin Jun yang Yongmei Xi Zhen zhong Department of Neurology of the Second Afliated Hospital and Department of Human Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Afliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics Women’s Hospital and Institute of GeneticsZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310006China

The accumulation and spread of prion-like proteins is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson's disease,or Amyotrophic Lateral *** a process known as‘seeding’,prion-like proteins such as amyloid beta,microtubule-associated protein tau,α-synuclein,silence superoxide dismutase 1,or transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa,propagate their misfolded conformations by transforming their respective soluble monomers into *** and molecular evidence of prion-like propagation in NDs,the clinical relevance of their‘seeding’capacities,and their levels of contribution towards disease progression have been intensively studied over recent *** review unpacks the cyclic prion-like propagation in cells including factors of aggregate internalization,endo-lysosomal leaking,aggregate degradation,and *** on the importance of the role of prion-like protein aggregates in NDs,whether causal or consequent,are also *** lead to a greater understanding of ND pathogenesis and increased potential for therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases Prion-like propagation Seeding Endocytosis Endolyosomal leaking Degradation

Production of Functional Materials Derived from Regenerated Silk Fibroin by Utilizing 3D Printing and Biomimetic Enzyme-induced Mineralization

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第3期42卷 299-310,I0005页

作者： Ni Chen Fei-Yu Luo Gong-Wen yang jin-Rong Yao Xin Chen Zheng-zhong Shao State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Critical-sized bone defects, commonly encountered in clinical orthopedic surgery, present a significant challenge. One of the promising solutions is to prepare synthetic bone substitute materials with precise structural control, mechanical compatibility, and enhanced osteogenic induction performance, nevertheless the successful preparation of such materials remains difficult. In this study, a two-step technique,integrating an extrusion-based printing process with biomimetic mineralization induced by alkaline phosphatase(ALP), was developed. Initially,a pre-cured hydrogel of regenerated silk fibroin(RSF) with a small quantity of hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC) and ALP was prepared through heating the mixed aqueous solution. This pre-cured hydrogel demonstrated thixotropic property and could be directly extruded into predetermined structures through a 3D-printer. Subsequently, the 3D-printed RSF-based materials with ALP underwent biomimetic in situ mineralization in calcium glycerophosphate(Ca-GP) mineralizing solution, utilizing the polymer chains of RSF as templates and ALP as a trigger for cleaving phosphate bonds of Ca-GP. The resulting 3D-printed RSF-mineral composites including hydrogel and sponge possessed adjustable compression modulus of megapascal grade and variable hydroxyapatite content, which could be controlled by manipulating the duration of the mineralization ***, these 3D-printed RSF-mineral composites demonstrated non-cytotoxicity towards rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, they may hold great potential for applications involving the replacement of tissues characterized by osteoinductivity and intricate structures.

关键词： Silk protein Alkaline phosphatase Extrusion-based printing Biomineralization

Design and application of copper/lithium composite anodes for advanced lithium metal batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 942-970页

作者： Bin Zhang Ji-Ping Ma yang Zhao Tong Li jin-Lin yang Zhan-Ling Zhang Shi-zhong Wei Guang-Min Zhou School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003China Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Lithium(Li)is a promising candidate for nextgeneration battery anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low reduction ***,safety issues derived from the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrite and huge volume change of Li hinder its practical application.C onstructing dendrite-free composite Li anodes can significantly alleviate the above ***(Cu)-based materials have bee n widely used as substrates of the composite electrodes due to their chemical stability,excellent conductivity,and good mechanical ***/lithium(Cu/Li)composite anodes significantly regulate the local current density and decrease Li nucleation overp otential,realizing the uniform and dendrite-free Li *** this review,Cu/Li composite methods including electrodeposition,melting infusion,and mechanical rolling are systematically summarized and ***,design strategies of Cu-based current collectors for high performance Cu/Li composite anodes are *** challenges and future development for Cu/Li composite anodes are presented and *** hope that this review can provide a comprehensive understanding of Cu/Li composite methods of the latest development of Li metal anode and stimulate more research in the future.

关键词： Lithium metal batteries Cu/Li composite anode Electrodeposition Thermal melting infusion Mechanical rolling

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自底向上加快神经网络学习的算法

湖南师范大学自然科学学报 2006年第3期29卷 39-44页

作者：杨钟瑾广东商学院信息学院广州510320

介绍了一种加快神经网络学习的改进算法.这种改进算法结合采用快速自底向上构造神经网络算法和动态优化学习参数算法.首先,快速自底向上构造神经网络算法自动地构建神经网络的优化结构;随后,动态优化学习参数算法动态地调整和选取优化... 详细信息

介绍了一种加快神经网络学习的改进算法.这种改进算法结合采用快速自底向上构造神经网络算法和动态优化学习参数算法.首先,快速自底向上构造神经网络算法自动地构建神经网络的优化结构;随后,动态优化学习参数算法动态地调整和选取优化的学习参数.实验结果显示,这种改进算法能自动有效地构造网络的优化结构,与其它算法相比,具有更好的分类性能、优化的网络结构和更快的学习速度.

关键词：神经网络瀑流关联自底向上学习参数优化分类反向传播算法