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Close-packed layer spacing as a practical guideline for structure symmetry manipulation of IV-VI/I-V-VI_(2) thermoelectrics

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InfoMat 2024年第2期6卷 99-106页

作者： Tao Jin Long yang Xinyue Zhang Wen Li Yanzhong pei Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center School of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghaithe People's Republic of China

The crystal-structure symmetry in real space can be inherited in the reciprocal space,making high-symmetry materials the top candidates for thermoelectrics due to their potential for significant electronic band degeneracy.A practical indicator that can quantitatively describe structural changes would help facilitate the advanced thermoelectric material *** face-centered cubic structures,the spatial environment of the same crystallographic plane family is isotropic,such that the distances between the close-packed layers can be derived from the atomic distances within the *** by this,the relationship between inter-and intra-layer geometric information can be used to compare crystal structures with their desired cubic *** close-packed layer spacing was found to be a practical guideline of crystal structure symmetry in IV-VI chalcogenides and I-V-VI_(2) ternary semiconductors,both of which are historically important *** continuous structural evolution toward high symmetry can be described by the layer spacing when temperature or/and composition change,which is demonstrated by a series of pristine and alloyed thermoelectric materials in this *** layerspacing-based guideline provides a quantitative pathway for manipulating crystal structures to improve the electrical and thermal properties of thermoelectric materials.

关键词： phase transition structure manipulation thermoelectric materials x-ray diffraction

A two-step multi-frequency receiver function inversion method for shallow crustal S-wave velocity structure and its application across the basin-mountain range belts in Northeast China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 687-703页

作者： Ruihao yang Xu WANG ling CHEN Mingye FENG Qifu CHEN State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

A shallow crustal velocity structure(above 10 km depth) is essential for understanding the crustal structures and deformation and assessing the exploration prospect of natural resources, and also provides priori information for imaging deeper crustal and mantle structure. Passive-source seismic methods are cost-effective and advantageous for regional-scale imaging of shallow crustal structures compared to active-source methods. Among these passive methods, techniques utilizing receiver function waveforms and/or body-wave amplitude ratios have recently gained prominence due to their relatively high spatial resolution. However, in basin regions, reverberations caused by near-surface unconsolidated sedimentary layers often introduce strong non-uniqueness and uncertainty, limiting the applicability of such methods. To address these challenges, we propose a two-step inversion method that uses multi-frequency P-RF waveforms and P-RF horizontal-to-vertical amplitude ratios. Synthetic tests indicate that our two-step inversion method can mitigate the non-uniqueness of the inversion and enhance the stability of the results. Applying this method to teleseismic data from a linear seismic array across the sedimentary basins in Northeast China, we obtain a high-resolution image of the shallow crustal S-wave velocity structure along the array. Our results reveal significant differences between the basins and mountains. The identification of low-velocity anomalies(<2.8 km s^(-1)) at depths less than 1.0 km beneath the Erlian Basin and less than 2.5 km beneath the Songliao Basin suggests the existence of sedimentary layers. Moreover, the high-velocity anomalies(~3.4–3.8 km s^(-1)) occurring at depths greater than 7 km in the Songliao Basin may reflect mafic intrusions emplaced during the Early Cretaceous. Velocity anomaly distribution in our imaging result is consistent with the location of the major faults, uplifts, and sedimentary depressions, as well as active-source seismic res

关键词： Receiver function Frequency dependence Two-step inversion Shallow crustal velocity structures Unconsolidated sedimentary basins

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A prompt-based approach to adversarial example generation and robustness enhancement

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第4期18卷 85-96页

作者： Yuting yang pei HUANG Juan CAO Jintao LI Yun LIN Feifei MA Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Institute of Computing TechnologyCASBeijing 100190China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Computer Science Stanford UniversityCA 94305USA School of Computing National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Laboratory of Parallel Software and Computational Science Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Recent years have seen the wide application of natural language processing(NLP)models in crucial areas such as finance,medical treatment,and news media,raising concerns about the model robustness and *** find that prompt paradigm can probe special robust defects of pre-trained language *** prompt texts are first constructed for inputs and a pre-trained language model can generate adversarial examples for victim models via *** results show that prompt paradigm can efficiently generate more diverse adversarial examples besides synonym ***,we propose a novel robust training approach based on prompt paradigm which incorporates prompt texts as the alternatives to adversarial examples and enhances robustness under a lightweight minimax-style optimization *** on three real-world tasks and two deep neural models show that our approach can significantly improve the robustness of models to resist adversarial attacks.

关键词： robustness adversarial example prompt learning pre-trained language model

GPU-accelerated OCT imaging: Real-time data processing and artifact suppression for enhanced monitoring of 3D bioprinted tissues and vascular-like networks

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第6期17卷 67-82页

作者： Shanshan yang Jinhao Zhou Hao Guo ling Wang Mingen Xu Hangzhou Dianzi University Automation College HangzhouZhejiangP.R.China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Information and Biological 3D Printing Hangzhou ZhejiangP.R.China

Optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging technology has significant advantages in in situ and noninvasive monitoring of biological ***,it still faces the following challenges:including data processing speed,image quality,and improvements in three-dimensional(3D)visualization *** technology,especially functional imaging techniques like optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),requires a long acquisition time and a large data *** the substantial increase in the acquisition speed of swept source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT),it still poses significant challenges for data ***,during in situ acquisition,image artifacts resulting from interface reflections or strong reflections from biological tissues and culturing containers present obstacles to data visualization and further ***,a customized frequency domainfilter with anti-banding suppression parameters was designed to suppress artifact ***,this study proposed a graphics processing unit(GPU)-based real-time data processing pipeline for SS-OCT,achieving a measured line-process rate of 800 kHz for 3D fast and high-quality data ***,a GPU-based realtime data processing for CC-OCTA was integrated to acquire dynamic ***,a vascular-like network chip was prepared using extrusion-based 3D printing and sacrificial materials,with sacrificial material being printed at the desired vascular network locations and then removed to form the vascular-like *** imaging technology was used to monitor the progression of sacrificial material removal and vascular-like network ***,GPU-based OCT enables real-time processing and visualization with artifact suppression,making it particularly suitable for in situ noninvasive longitudinal monitoring of 3D bioprinting tissue and vascular-like networks in microfluidic chips.

关键词： SS-OCT GPU acceleration artifact noise 3D bioprinted microfluidic chip.

Dietary copper improves intestinal structural integrity in juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)probably related to its increased intestinal antioxidant capacity and apical junction complex

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 96-106页

作者： Rui Ma Lin Feng pei Wu yang Liu Hong Mei Ren Xiao Wan Jin Shu Wei Li ling Tang Xiao Qiu Zhou Wei Dan Jiang Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Ministry of EducationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu611130China Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Academy of Animal ScienceSichuan Animtech Feed Co.Ltd.Chengdu610066China

This research evaluated the effects of copper(Cu)on intestinal antioxidant capacity and apical junctional complex(AJC)in juvenile grass carp.A total of 1080 healthy juvenile grass carp(11.16±0.01 g)were fed six diets including different dosages of Cu,namely 0,2,4,6,8 mg/kg(Cu citrate[CuCit]as Cu source)and 3 mg/kg(CuSO4·5H2O as Cu source).The trial lasted for 9 *** findings revealed that dietary optimal Cu supplementation(2.2 to 4.1 mg/kg)promoted intestinal growth,including intestinal length,intestinal length index,intestinal weight,and intestinal somatic index(P 0.05).On the other hand,optimal Cu increased intestinal tight junction(TJ)proteins(except for claudin 15b)and adherens junction(AJ)proteins(E-cadherin,α-catenin,β-catenin,nectin and afadin)mRNA levels(Pling pathway formed by the Ras homolog gene family,member A(RhoA),Rho-associated kinase(ROCK),and myosin light chain kinase(MLCK).Finally,based on serum indicator D-lactate and intestinal oxidative damage index(ROS),Cu requirement(CuCit as Cu source)for juvenile grass carp from initial weight to final weight(from 11 to 173 g)was determined to be 4.14 and 4.12 mg/kg diet,*** work may provide a theoretical foundation for identifying putative Cu regulation pathways on fish intestinal health.

关键词： Copper Ctenopharyngodon idella Structural integrity Intestine

Strategies for mitigating detrimental effects in cyber-physical multiplex networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 453-454页

作者： Yudong GONG Shenghai yang Sanyang LIU pei WANG Yiguang BAI School of Mathematics and Statistics Xidian University

Detrimental effects,such as widespread epidemics or rumors,can inflict significant damage on society in a remarkably short time[1].Various studies have focused on mitigating these effects independently within single-l... 详细信息

关键词： Cost effectiveness

A faster killing effect of plastid-mediated RNA interference on a leaf beetle through induced dysbiosis of the gut bacteria

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Plant Communications 2024年第9期5卷 152-167页

作者： Yiqiu Zhang Zebin Ke Letian Xu yang yang ling Chang Jiang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Hongshan LaboratorySchool of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China

The expression of double-stranded RNAs(dsRNAs)from the plastid genome has been proven to be an effective method for controlling herbivorous pests by targeting essential insect ***,there are limitations to the efficiency of plastid-mediated RNA interference(PM-RNAi)due to the initial damage caused by the insects and their slow response to RNA *** this study,we developed transplastomic poplar plants that express dsRNAs targeting the b-Actin(dsACT)and Srp54k(dsSRP54K)genes of Plagiodera *** experiments showed that transplastomic poplar plants can cause significantly higher mortality in *** larvae compared with nuclear transgenic or wild-type poplar *** efficient killing effect of PM-RNAi on *** larvae was found to be dependent on the presence of gut ***,foliar application of a gut bacterial strain,Pseudomonas putida,will induce dysbiosis in the gut bacteria of *** larvae,leading to a significant acceleration in the speed of killing by ***,our findings suggest that interfering with gut bacteria could be a promising strategy to enhance the effectiveness of PM-RNAi for insect pest control,offering a novel and effective approach for crop protection based on RNAi technology.

关键词： poplar RNA interference gut bacteria plastid transformation Plagiodera versicolora

High-performance sodium storage for cobalt phosphide composite array electrodes

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Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 3724-3734页

作者： Man Zhang Xiao-Xu Liu Tian-Yi Ji yang Li Da-Wei Sheng Shao-Dong Li pei-pei Ren Ze-Xiang Shen School of Material Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710021China School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore

Transition metal phosphides hold great potential as sodium-ion batteries anode materials owing to their high theoretical capacity and modest ***,volume changes and low intrinsic conductivity seriously largely hinder the further development of metal phosphide *** design of phosphide anode materials with reasonable structure is conducive to solving the problems of volume expansion and slow reaction kinetics during the *** this work,a composite material integrating zeolite imidazolate backbone(ZIF) and carbon materials was synthesized by the original growth ***,by the oxidation-phosphating process,CoP nanoarray composites riveted to carbon fiber(CoP@CF) were *** the CoP@CF,CoP nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on ZIF-derived carbon,reducing agglomeration and volume change during *** also provides a highly conductive network for the active material,improving the electrode ***,when evaluated as an anode for sodium-ion batteries,CoP@CF electrode displays enhanced reversible capacity(262 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.1 A·g^(-1)after 100 cycles),which is much better than that of pure CF electrode(57 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.1 A·g^(-1) after 100 cycles)prepared without the addition of *** rate performance of CoP@CF electrode is also superior to that of pure CF electrode at various current densities from 0.05 to1 A·g^(-1).The sodium storage behavior of CoP@CF was revealed by ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,and synchrotron radiation absorption *** method provides a reference for the design and synthesis of anode materials in sodium-ion batteries.

关键词： Cobalt phosphide Array structure Freestanding anodes Sodium-ion batteries

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Emerging role of vitamin D_(3)in alleviating intestinal structure injury caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 202-217页

作者： Yao Zhang Xiao-Qiu Zhou Wei-Dan Jiang pei Wu yang Liu Hong-Mei Ren Lu Zhang Hai-Feng Mi ling Tang Cheng-Bo Zhong Lin Feng Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Tongwei Co.Ltd.ChengduChina Sichuan Animal Science Academy Sichuan Animtech Feed Co.Ltd.ChengduChina

Bacterial pathogens destroy the structural integrity of functional organs in fish,leading to severe challenges in the aquaculture *** D_(3)(VD_(3))prevents bacterial infections and strengthens immune system function via vitamin D receptor(VDR).However,the correlation between VD_(3)/VDR and the structural integrity of functional organs remains *** study aimed to investigate the influence of VD_(3)supplementation on histological characteristics,apoptosis,and tight junction characteristics in fish intestine during pathogen infection.A total of 540 healthy grass carp(257.24±0.63 g)were fed different levels of VD_(3)(15.2,364.3,782.5,1,167.9,1,573.8,and 1,980.1 IU/kg)for 70 ***,fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila,a pathogen that causes intestinal *** present study demonstrated that optimal supplementation with VD_(3)(1)alleviated intestinal structural damage,and inhibited oxidative damage by reducing levels of oxidative stress biomarkers;(2)attenuated excessive apoptosisrelated death receptor and mitochondrial pathway processes in relation to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling(Pling(P<0.05);and(4)elevated VDR isoform expression in fish intestine(P<0.05).Overall,the results demonstrated that VD_(3)alleviates oxidative injury,apoptosis,and the destruction of tight junction protein under pathogenic infection,thereby strengthening pathogen defenses in the *** finding supports the rationale for VD_(3)intervention as an essential practice in sustainable aquaculture.

关键词： Aeromonas hydrophila Antibacterial property Grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella) Intestinal health Vitamin D_(3)

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