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Artificial synthesis of polyesters at ambient condition via consecutive CO_(2)electrolysis and fermentation

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6016-6025页

作者： Guiru zhang Ning Ji Shiheng Lyu Baoxin Ni Peng Shen Ke Ye Yuting Wang Xuheng Jiang Hai zhang Xi Liu Yongcheng Wang Kun Jiang Department of Laboratory Medicine of The First Affiliated Hospital&Liangzhu Laboratory Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China Interdisciplinary Research Center School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China In-situ Centre for Physical Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Electrochemically converting CO_(2)into value-added chemicals is a promising approach to mitigate anthropogenic carbon emissions,yet largely limited to short-chained C_(1)–C_(3)***,we demonstrate a tandem artificial synthesis of biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB)plastic from CO_(2)building *** synthesis of defects-enriched Bi catalyst is firstly demonstrated by plasma bombardment and following in situ electrochemical reduction,which delivers a HCOOH Faradaic efficiency above 80%at tunable concentration from 2 to 250 mM,an energy efficiency up to 41%,and a single-pass carbon conversion efficiency up to 60%.Annular dark field and second electron microscopic analysis,density functional theory(DFT)calcualtions,coupled with H-type and solid-state electrolyzer assessments,point out the vital role of defective and/or stepped Bi surface sites in promoting CO_(2)-to-HCOOH ***,as-synthesized high-purity HCOOH is used as the sole carbon source for C-chain growth within microbial fermentation reactor with Ralstonia eutropha,where activated formate dehydrogenase and increased metabolites related to Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle are found to be responsible for the enhanced polyester accumulation.

关键词： CO_(2)electrolysis Bi catalyst vacancy site formic acid fermentation

Adaptive strategies of high and low nucleic acid prokaryotes in response to declining resource availability and selective grazing by protozoa

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1872-1884页

作者： Chen HU Liuqian YU Xiaowei CHEN Jihua LIU Yao zhang John BATT Xilin XIAO Qiang SHI Rui zhang Tingwei LUO Nianzhi JIAO Dapeng XU College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesFujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon SequestrationXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education(LORE)of Dalhousie University Canadaand Shandong University and Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences ThrustThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Guangzhou 510000China Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Department of Oceanography Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 4R2Canada Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

Prokaryotes play a fundamental role in global ocean biogeochemical ***,how the abundance and metabolic activity of ecologically distinct subgroups(i.e.,high nucleic acid(HNA)and low nucleic acid(LNA)cells),and their regulating factors,change in response to changing marine environmental conditions remains poorly ***,we delved into the time-evolving dynamic responses of the HNA and LNA prokaryotic subgroups to declining resource availability and selective grazing by protozoa by conducting a 73-day incubation experiment in a large-volume(117,000 L)macrocosm that facilitates community-level *** found that the metabolic activity of the HNA subgroup was higher than that of the LNA subgroup when the macrocosm was resource replete but that the HNA subgroup declined more rapidly than the LNA subgroup as the resources became increasingly scarce,leading to a steadily increasing contribution of LNA cells to prokaryotic ***,as resources in the macrocosm became limited,protozoan grazing preference shifted from the HNA to the LNA subgroup and the contributions of the LNA subgroup to the carbon flow within the macrocosm *** findings highlight the resilience of LNA cells in resource-limited environments,illuminate the critical role of selective grazing by protozoa in balancing distinct prokaryotic subgroups under changing resource conditions,and demonstrate the complex and adaptive interactions between protozoa and prokaryotes across diverse environmental contexts.

关键词： Microbial loop Macrocosm experiment Prokaryote Top-down and bottom-up controls Carbon flow

基于“一带一路”的“境脉”式地理试卷命制策略

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地理教学 2024年第9期 40-44页

作者：张华媚李艳重庆谢家湾学校重庆400050 重庆市九龙坡区教师进修学院重庆400050

“境脉”式试卷通过系列情境监测学生建构知识、综合运用、利用系统思维解决真实问题的能力,有助于提高试卷测评效度,有效驱动和引领教学。本文基于地理学科核心素养,构建“一情境、二依据、三环节、四素养”的“境脉”式试卷设计模式,... 详细信息

“境脉”式试卷通过系列情境监测学生建构知识、综合运用、利用系统思维解决真实问题的能力,有助于提高试卷测评效度,有效驱动和引领教学。本文基于地理学科核心素养,构建“一情境、二依据、三环节、四素养”的“境脉”式试卷设计模式,并以命制基于“一带一路”情境的七年级上册地理期末试卷为例,具体分析“境脉”式地理试卷的命制过程。

关键词：境脉式试卷试卷命制地理试卷初中地理

Fragility crossover mediated by covalent-like electronic interactions in metallic liquids

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Materials Futures

Materials Futures 2024年第2期3卷 117-130页

作者： Hui-Ru zhang Liang Gao Yu-Hao Ye Jia-Xin zhang Tao zhang Qing-Zhou Bu Qun yang Zeng-Wei Zhu Shuai Wei Hai-Bin Yu Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China Department of Chemistry Aarhus University8000 AarhusDenmark iMAT Centre for Integrated Materials Research Aarhus University8000 AarhusDenmark

Fragility is one of the central concepts in glass and liquid sciences,as it characterizes the extent of deviation of viscosity from Arrhenius behavior and is linked to a range of glass ***,the intervention of crystallization often prevents the assessment of fragility in poor glass-formers,such as supercooled metallic *** experimental data on their compositional dependence are scarce,let alone fundamentally *** this work,we use fast scanning calorimetry to overcome this obstacle and systematically study the fragility in a ternary La–Ni–Al system,over previously inaccessible composition *** observe fragility dropped in a small range with the Al alloying,indicating an alloying-induced fragility *** use x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,resistance measurements,electronic structure calculations,and DFT-based deep-learning atomic simulations to investigate the cause of this fragility *** results show that the fragility crossover can be fundamentally ascribed to the electronic covalency associated with the unique Al–Al *** findings provide insight into the origin of fragility in metallic liquids from an electronic structure perspective and pave a new way for the design of metallic glasses.

关键词： metallic glass fragility fast scanning calorimetry density functional theory deep learning potential

Strain-Insensitive Fiber Bragg Grating Composite Structure for Wide-Range Temperature Sensing

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Journal of Dynamics, Monitoring and Diagnostics 2024年第3期3卷 199-206页

作者： Pingyu Zhu Tingyu Huang Sheng Fan Yukun yan Bo Peng Danli Xiong Shuai zhang Marcelo A.Soto School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co. LtD.ZhuzhouChina Department of Electronics Engineering Universidad Técnica Federico Santa MaríaValparaísoChile

This paper reports on the design,fabrication,and temperature strain sensing performance of a fiber Bragg grating composite structure for surface mounted temperature measurements over a wide temperature range,with highly reduced strain *** fiber Bragg grating sensor is encapsulated in a polyimide tube filled with epoxy resin,forming an arc-shaped *** assembly is then placed between two layers of glass fiber prepreg with a flexible pad in between and cured into *** results,supported by finite element simulations,demonstrate an enhanced temperature sensitivity is 26.3 pm/°C over a wide temperature range of–30°C to 70°C,and high strain transfer isolation of about 99.65%.

关键词： composite structure fiber bragg grating temperature sensing

Nanomedicine Disrupts Stromal Barriers to Augment Drug Penetration for Improved Cancer Therapy

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第10期42卷 1175-1189页

作者： Guo-Feng Luo Wei-Hai Chen Xian-Zheng zhang state Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationHubei KeyLaboratory of StomatologySchool&Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430079China Key Laboratoryof Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education&Departmentof Chemistry Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China

Tumor stroma composing diverse extracellular matrixes(ECM)and stromal cells shapes a condensed physical barrier,which severely hampers the efficient accessibility of nanomedicine to tumor cells,especially these deep-seated in the core of *** barrier significantly compromises the antitumor effects of drug-loaded nanomedicine,revealing the remarkable importance of disrupting stromal barrier for improved tumor therapy with deep penetration *** achieve this goal,various nanoparticle-based strategies have been developed,including direct depleting ECM components via delivering anti-fibrotic agents or targeting stromal cells to suppress ECM expression,dynamic regulation of nanoparticles’physicochemical properties(i.e.,size,surface charge,and morphology),mechanical force-driven deep penetration,natural/biomimetic self-driven nanomedicine,and transcytosis-inducing *** these nanostrategies were systemically summarized in this review,and the design principles for obtaining admirable nanomedicine were *** the rapid development of nanotechnology,elaborate design of multifunctional nanomedicine provides new opportunities for overcoming the critical stromal barriers to maximize the therapeutic index of various therapies,such as chemotherapy,photodynamic therapy,and immunotherapy.

关键词： Nanomedicine Tumor stroma Deep penetration Enhanced drug perfusion Cancer therapy Drug carriers Biomaterials Nanotechnology

A dephosphorylation-dependentmolecular switch for FT repression mediates flowering in Arabidopsis

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Plant Communications 2024年第3期5卷 167-178页

作者： Yu zhang Changmei Hua Jian Xuan Kiang Lisha Shen Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory 1 Research LinkNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117604Singapore Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117543Singapore

The reproductive success offlowering plants relies greatly on precise timing of thefloral transition,which isnely modulated by a complex network offloral *** a mainfloral integrator,FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)is also an essential constituent of theflorigen that is transported from leaves to shoot apices to *** is specically transcribed in leaf vascular tissues,where its production is suppressed by manyflowering repressors,including the MYB transcription factor EARLY FLOWERING MYB PROTEIN(EFM).Here,we show that a plant CTD phosphatase,C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE 2(CPL2),suppresses FT expression in leaf vascular tissues by modulating the binding activity of ***2 interacts with and dephosphorylates EFM to facilitate the binding of dephosphorylated EFM to FT chromatin,thereby *** results suggest that CPL2-mediated dephosphorylation of thefloral repressor EFM serves as a molecular switch,adding another layer of regulation tone-tune FT transcription and ensure thatflowering occurs at an appropriate time.

关键词： CTD phosphatase MYB protein florigen FT flowering Arabidopsis

Unveiling structural evolution of Fe single atom catalyst in nitrate reduction for enhanced electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 6826-6832页

作者： Xusheng Cheng Wenzhe Shang Yuehui Li Jinwen Hu Jingya Guo Dequan Cao Naitian zhang Songlin zhang Suchan Song Tianna Liu Wei Liu yantao Shi State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontier Science Center for Smart MaterialsSchool of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Atomic transition metal–nitrogen–carbon electrocatalysts exhibit outstanding activity in various electrocatalytic *** challenge lies in predicting the structure of the active center,which may undergo changes under applied potential and interact with reactants or *** characterization techniques,particularly in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),provide crucial insights into the structural evolution of the metal active center during the *** this study,nitrate reduction to ammonia(NO_(3)RR)was selected as a model reaction,and we introduced in-situ XAS to reveal the structural evolution during the catalytic process.A novel single atom catalyst of iron loaded on three-dimensional nitrogen–carbon nanonetwork(designated as Fe SAC/NC)was successfully *** unraveled the structural transformations occurring as pyrrole-N_(4)-Fe transitions to pyrrole-N_(3)-Fe throughout the NO_(3)RR ***,the Fe SAC/NC catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity,achieving a Faradaic efficiency of 98.2% and an ammonia generation rate of 22,515μg·h^(−1)·mgcat−1 at−0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen *** calculations combined with in-situ spectroscopic characterization showed that pyrrole-N_(3)-Fe reduced the energy barrier from *NO to*NHO and improved the selectivity of *** provides a robust reference for the design of efficient nitrate-to-ammonia synthesis catalysts.

关键词： structural evolution Fe single atom catalysis in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy nitrate reduction to ammonia

考虑双向流固耦合的受泥流冲刷桥墩力学性能分析

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人民黄河 2024年第10期46卷 158-162页

作者：张伟喜闫长斌九江职业大学建筑工程学院江西九江332000 郑州大学水工抗震研究所河南郑州450001 郑州大学土木工程学院河南郑州450001

基于双向流固耦合理论和湍流理论,建立泥流冲击桥墩数值分析模型,并采用文献试验数据进行了验证。设定了3种不同截面的立柱进行冲刷计算,结果表明圆形截面立柱抗冲刷能力最好,三角形截面立柱导流效果较好。针对圆形截面桥墩进行了4种不... 详细信息

基于双向流固耦合理论和湍流理论,建立泥流冲击桥墩数值分析模型,并采用文献试验数据进行了验证。设定了3种不同截面的立柱进行冲刷计算,结果表明圆形截面立柱抗冲刷能力最好,三角形截面立柱导流效果较好。针对圆形截面桥墩进行了4种不同含沙量泥流冲刷工况的数值模拟,结果显示:含沙量越大,立柱被泥流冲刷破坏的可能性越大,与冲击力对比佐证,含沙量越大的泥流对立柱的损伤越强,此外,在一定含沙量范围内,桥墩动力响应会随着泥流含沙量的增大而增大,但超出这一范围,动力响应将骤减。

关键词：桥墩局部冲刷流固耦合力学性能