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Evaluating soil acidification risk and its effects on biodiversity–ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in the drylands of China

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 162-171页

作者： Lan Du Shengchuan Tian Nan zhao Bin Zhang Xiaohan Mu lisong Tang Xinjun Zheng yan li State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi830011XinjiangChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Fukang Station of Desert Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesFukang831505XinjiangChina State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A and F UniversityHangzhou311300ZhejiangChina

Background:Soil acidifcationn caused by anthropogenic activities may aft soil biochemical cydling,bidiversity,productivity,and multiple eosystem-related functions in ***,to date,such information is lacking to support this *** Based on a transect survey of 78 naturally assembled shrub communities,we caloulated acid deposition flux in Northwest China and evaluated its likely ecological ffets by testing three altemnative hypotheses,namely:.nidche complementarity,mass ratio,and vegetation quantity hypotheses Rao's quadratic entopy and community-weighted mean traits were employed to represent the complementary aspect of niche complementarity and mass ratio effects,***:We observed that in the past four decades,the concentrations of exchangeable base cations in soil in Northwest China have decreased significantly to the extent of having faced the risk of depletion,whereas changes in the calium carbonate content and pH of soil were not *** deposition primani ly increased the aboweground biomass and shrub density in shrublands but had no sigmificant effect on shrub richness and ecasystem multifunctionality(EMF),indicating that acid deposition had positive but weak ecological effects on dryland *** wd ghted mean of functional traits(representing the mass ratio hypothesis)correlated negatively with EMF,whereas both Rao's quadratic entropy(representing the niche complementarity hypothesis)and aboveground biomass(representing the vegetation quantity hypothesis)correlated positively but insignifcantly with *** biodiversity-EMF relationships highlight the fragility and instability of drylands relative to forest ***:The findings from this study serve as important reference points to understand the ris of soil acidification in arid regions and its impacts on biodiversity-EMF relationships.

关键词： Soil acidification risk Biodiversity Ecosystem multifunctionality Niche complementarity hypothesis Mass ratio hypothesis Vegetation quantity hypothesis

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Geometric phase-encoded stimuli-responsive cholesteric liquid crystals for visualizing real-time remote monitoring:humidity sensing as a proof of concept

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 283-293页

作者： Shi-Long li zhao-Yi Chen Peng Chen Wei Hu Chaohong Huang Sen-Sen li Xuejia Hu yan-Qing Lu Lu-Jian Chen Department of Electronic Engineering School of Electronic Science and EngineeringXiamen University361005 XiamenChina College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University210093 NanjingChina Fujian Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Technology and Applications Xiamen University361005 XiamenChina

liquid crystals are a vital component of modern photonics,and recent studies have demonstrated the exceptional sensing properties of stimuli-responsive cholesteric liquid ***,existing cholesteric liquid crystal-based sensors often rely on the naked eye perceptibility of structural color or the measurement of wavelength changes by spectrometric tools,which limits their practical ***,developing a platform that produces recognizable sensing signals is *** this study,we present a visual sensing platform based on geometric phase encoding of stimuli-responsive cholesteric liquid crystal polymers that generates real-time visual patterns,rather than frequency *** demonstrate this platform’s effectiveness,we used a humidity-responsive cholesteric liquid crystal polymer film encoded with a q-plate pattern,which revealed that humidity causes a shape change in the vortex beam reflected from the encoded cholesteric liquid crystal ***,we developed a prototype platform towards remote humidity monitoring benefiting from the high directionality and long-range transmission properties of laser beams carrying orbital angular *** approach provides a novel sensing platform for cholesteric liquid crystals-based sensors that offers promising practical *** ability to generate recognizable sensing signals through visual patterns offers a new level of practicality in the sensing field with stimuli-responsive cholesteric liquid *** platform might have significant implications for a broad readership and will be of interest to researchers working in the field of photonics and sensing technology.

关键词： humidity visual liquid

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An Electrochemical Perspective of Aqueous Zinc Metal Anode

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 274-312页

作者： Huibo yan Songmei li Jinyan Zhong Bin li School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191People’s Republic of China

Based on the attributes of nonflammability,environmental benignity,and cost-effectiveness of aqueous electrolytes,as well as the favorable compatibility of zinc metal with them,aqueous zinc ions batteries(AZIBs)become the leading energy storage candidate to meet the requirements of safety and low ***,aqueous electrolytes,acting as a double-edged sword,also play a negative role by directly or indirectly causing various parasitic reactions at the zinc anode *** reactions include hydrogen evolution reaction,passivation,and dendrites,resulting in poor Coulombic efficiency and short lifespan of AZIBs.A comprehensive review of aqueous electrolytes chemistry,zinc chemistry,mechanism and chemistry of parasitic reactions,and their relationship is ***,the understanding of strategies for suppressing parasitic reactions from an electrochemical perspective is not profound *** this review,firstly,the chemistry of electrolytes,zinc anodes,and parasitic reactions and their relationship in AZIBs are deeply ***,the strategies for suppressing parasitic reactions from the perspective of enhancing the inherent thermodynamic stability of electrolytes and anodes,and lowering the dynamics of parasitic reactions at Zn/electrolyte interfaces are ***,the perspectives on the future development direction of aqueous electrolytes,zinc anodes,and Zn/electrolyte interfaces are presented.

关键词： Aqueous zinc ions batteries Parasitic reactions Aqueous electrolyte Zinc anode

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Malware Evasion Attacks Against IoT and Other Devices: An Empirical Study

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 127-142页

作者： yan Xu Deqiang li Qianmu li Shouhuai Xu School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCO 80918USA

The Internet of Things(loT)has grown rapidly due to artificial intelligence driven edge *** enabling many new functions,edge computing devices expand the vulnerability surface and have become the target of malware ***,attackers have used advanced techniques to evade defenses by transforming their malware into functionality-preserving *** systematically analyze such evasion attacks and conduct a large-scale empirical study in this paper to evaluate their impact on *** specifically,we focus on two forms of evasion attacks:obfuscation and adversarial *** the best of our knowledge,this paper is the first to investigate and contrast the two families of evasion attacks *** apply 10 obfuscation attacks and 9 adversarial attacks to 2870 malware *** obtained findings are as follows.(1)Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS)malware detectors are vulnerable to evasion attacks.(2)Adversarial attacks affect COTS malware detectors slightly more effectively than obfuscated malware examples.(3)Code similarity detection approaches can be affected by obfuscated examples and are barely affected by adversarial attacks.(4)These attacks can preserve the functionality of original malware examples.

关键词： Android malware obfuscation adversarial examples

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Facile preparation of a SiC@SiO_(2)nanowire-toughened ZrB_(2)-SiC/SiC bilayer coating with good interfacial bonding,high toughness,and excellent cyclic ablation resistance on C/CA composites

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第4期13卷 486-495页

作者： Meng yan Chenglong Hu Jian li Shengyang Pang Bohui Sun Rida zhao Bin liang Rui Luo Sufang Tang Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China

Preparing antioxidant coatings to address the inherent oxidation sensitivity of carbon fiber-reinforced carbon aerogel(C/CA)composites is a feasible way to promote their application in oxidizing environments as thermal insulation ***,preparing the coatings with excellent oxidation and ablation resistance while avoiding evident damage to the C/CA substrate still remains a ***,a SiC@SiO_(2)nanowire-toughened ZrB2–SiC/SiC bilayer coating with a large thickness of 500μm was prepared on C/CA using a one-step low-temperature reaction sintering method,which simultaneously formed a sintered outer layer with even-distributed nanowires and a siliconized gradient inner *** courtesy of the synergic thermal response of the layers and the crack deflection induced by the nanowires,the resulting coating has moderate residual compressive stress of 0.08–1.22 GPa in the interface,high interfacial bonding strength of 6.02 MPa,and good fracture toughness of 4.36 MPa·m^(1/2).Benefited from the optimum components and improved structure,the coating shows excellent cyclic ablation resistance with linear ablation rates of 0.1μm/s at 1650℃for 1500 s(300 s×5 cycles)and 0.4μm/s at 1850℃for 900 s(300 s×3 cycles).The one-step preparation strategy contributes to little damage to the substrate,thus showing the well-preserved mechanical and thermal insulation properties.

关键词： coating carbon fiber reinforced carbon aerogel(C/CA)composites toughness interface residual stress

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Magnetic, dielectric and luminescence synergetic switchable effects in molecular material [Et_(3)NCH_(2)Cl]_(2)[MnBr_(4)]

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 502-505页

作者： yan Cheng Hua-Peng Ruan yan Peng Longhe li Zhenqiang Xie Lang liu Shiyong Zhang Hengyun Ye zhao-Bo Hu Chaotic Matter Science Research Center Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and ChemistryJiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Pingxiang UniversityPingxiang 337055China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Materials Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGannan Normal UniversityGanzhou 341000China

The application of multifunctional materials in various fields such as electronics and signal processors has attracted massive attention. Herein, a new organic-inorganic hybrid material [Et_(3)NCH_(2)Cl]_(2)[MnBr_(4)](1) is reported, which contains two organic amines cations and one [MnBr_(4)] tetrahedral ion. Compound 1 has a dielectric anomaly signal at 338 K, which proves its thermodynamic phase transition. The single crystal measurements at 200 K and 380 K show that the phase transition of compound 1 is caused by the thermal vibration of organic amine cations in the lattice. Moreover, compound 1 shows yellow-green luminescence under UV light irradiation. The magnetism measurements indicate that compound 1 shows switchable magnetic properties. This organic–inorganic material is a multifunctional material with dielectric, optical, and magnetic synergetic switchable effects, which expands a new direction for designing multifunctional materials.

关键词： Synergetic switchable effects Molecular materials Magnetism Dielectric Luminescence

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Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase is a potential tumor suppressor and predictive marker for hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第8期16卷 3651-3671页

作者： yan li li-Na Jiang Bo-Kang zhao Mei-ling li Yi-Yun Jiang Yi-Si liu Shu-Hong liu li Zhu Xin Ye Jing-Min zhao Department of Pathology and Hepatology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039China Department of Hepatology Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen BiologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061Jilin ProvinceChina First Department of liver Disease Center Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Pathology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039China

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide,and metastasis is the main cause of early recurrence and poor ***,the mechanism of metastasis remains poorly *** To determine the possible mechanism affecting HCC metastasis and provide a possible theoretical basis for HCC *** The candidate molecule lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT)was screened by gene microarray and bioinformatics *** expression levels of LCAT in clinical cohort samples was detected by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction and western *** proliferation,migration,invasion and tumor-forming ability were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8,Transwell cell migration,invasion,and clonal formation assays,*** formation was detected in nude mice after LCAT gene knockdown or *** immunohistochemistry for Ki67,E-cadherin,N-cadherin,matrix metalloproteinase 9 and vascular endothelial growth factor were performed in liver tissues to assess the effect of LCAT on *** set enrichment analysis(GSEA)on various gene signatures were analyzed with GSEA version *** machine-learning algorithms(random forest,support vector machine,and logistic regression)were applied to predict HCC metastasis in The Cancer Genome Atlas and GEO *** LCAT was identified as a novel gene relating to HCC metastasis by using gene microarray in HCC *** was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues,which is correlated with recurrence,metastasis and poor outcome of HCC *** analysis indicated that LCAT inhibited HCC cell proliferation,migration and invasion both in vitro and in *** data showed that LCAT was negatively associated with HCC size and metastasis(HCC size≤3 cm vs 3-9 cm,P9 cm,Plines via PI3K/A

关键词： Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase Tumor suppressor gene Hepatocellular carcinoma PI3K/AKT/mTOR Predicting model

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Piezoelectric composite hydrogel with wireless electrical stimulation enhances motor functional recovery of spinal cord injury

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第5期172卷 228-239页

作者： Zehao li Guanlin li Xinyu Wang Zheng zhao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology Sanya 572000China

Electrical stimulation(ES)can restore motor function after spinal cord injury(SCI).However,traditional intraspinal ES has many disadvantages,such as the need for a complex circuitry device,an external power source,and a second surgery to remove the *** materials have received increasing at-tention due to their potential to convert ambient mechanical energy into ES without an external power source or implantation of ***,a novel polydopamine(PDA)coated barium titanate(BaTiO_(3))nanoparticles(BaTiO_(3)@PDA)incorporated silk fibroin(SF)hydrogel(SFBT)was *** SFBT hy-drogel was crosslinked by horseradish peroxidase(HRP)/hydrogel peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))to integrate the piezo-electric potency of BaTiO_(3)with the thermal sensitivity of HRP/H_(2)O_(2)for SCI *** hydrogel con-taining 5%(w/v)BaTiO_(3)@PDA nanoparticles(SFBT-5),which was selected for in vivo study,exhibited a short gelation time(5 min),suitable storage modulus(925±35 Pa),and wireless ES(average current of 124 nA).Moreover,Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB)scores test and footprint analysis demonstrated that the SFBT-5 hydrogel successfully enhanced motor functional recovery of *** histopathological assess-ments,the SFBT-5 hydrogel significantly accelerated spinal cord healing,as indicated by smaller lesion cavities(∼16.7%of the SCI group).Meanwhile,the SFBT-5 hydrogel accelerated neurogenesis,facilitated axon regrowth and synapse formation,and promoted ***,this study highlights the potential of piezoelectric hydrogels for SCI regeneration.

关键词： Silk fibroin Barium titanate Piezoelectric hydrogel Spinal cord injury Electrical stimulation

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Ginsenoside Rg3 Promotes the Survival and Migration of Trophoblast Cells in a Rat Model of Gestational Hypertension by Regulating miR-100a/Insulin Growth Factor-2 Axis

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 65-74页

作者： Xiu-Mei Fan li yang Gang zhao Sen-Ye Huo yan Gao Department of Obstetrics Xingtai Third HospitalXingtaiChina Department of Obstetrics Xingtai Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalXingtaiChina

Objective:Preeclampsia(PE)is a common complication during ***-100a is expressed in the placenta and regulates the survival and development of placental *** growth factor-2(IGF-2)may serve as its downstream *** study investigated the protective mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg3 against PE in rat *** and Methods:LPS-induced rat PE models were suitable for intravenous administration of the highly expressed miR-100a ginsenoside Rg3 lentiviral *** trophoblasts were cultured in vitro for JEG-3,and PE cell models were *** vivo effects on tumor growth and apoptosis were *** Rg3 was treated with different concentrations of shRNA,miR-100a analogs,inhibitors,or *** and the expression of autophagy-related proteins were *** activity and migration were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell *** drugs strongly inhibited trophoblasts under normal conditions with some synergy between ***-luciferase return assay confirmed the binding affinity of miR-100a for ***:In response to Rg3,autophagy and the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-I/II,Beclin1,and SQSTM1 were reduced in PE rat placental ***3 inhibited autophagy in JEG-3 cells and promoted JEG-3 survival and migration in a concentration-dependent ***-100a upregulated PE *** results suggested that autophagy was a vital signaling ***3 intervention inhibited miR-100a expression and miR-100a downregulated IGF-2 expression in placental tissues and promoted autophagy,thereby inhibiting JEG-3cell survival and *** rats,Rg3 inhibited PE development by regulating the activity of the miR-100a-IGF-2 signaling ***:Ginsenoside Rg3 positively regulates the miR-100a-IGF-2 axis and protects PE rats by inhibiting trophoblastic autophagy and promoting trophoblastic cell survival and migration.

关键词： Ginsenoside Rg3 inflammatory response miR-100a/insulin growth factor-2 axis preeclampsia pregnancy-induced hypertension

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Particles attrition of binary mixtures in the coal-fueled chemical looping system based on fluidized bed

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 281-290页

作者： Heyu li Zhe Sun yan Cao Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejing 100049China CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Guangzhou 510640China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou 510640China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei230601China

In this work,a reactive air jet attrition device with auto-recording and collection of elutriated fines was *** established insights into the physiochemical interaction and further correlated attrition behaviors between char and oxygen carriers under various operation *** attrition rate increased by over 110% upon the introduced CO_(2),which brought in the significant effect of thermo-chemical stress,similarly in effects of the increased char addition ratio and the decreased sizes of char or hematite in different *** the char-hematite co-attrition process,the elutriated carbon loss of char with poor mechanical strength was found to be over 10%,while the reactive iron loss of hematite was found to be 6.3%,and was enriched in elutriated *** reaction-derived thermochemical stress and the collision-derived mechanical stress jointly controls the particle attrition during the cyclic transformation of oxygen carrier particles in coal-fueled chemical looping fluidization,especially sig-nificant in its reduction stage.

关键词： Attrition Binary species Chemical looping Oxygen carrier CO_(2)capture

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