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Layer chicken microbiota:a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics across all major gut sections

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1056-1070页

作者： yadav sharma bajagai Thi Thu Hao Van Nitish Joat Kapil Chousalkar Robert J.Moore Dragana Stanley Institute for Future Farming Systems Central Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia School of Science RMIT UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia

Background The gut microbiota influences chicken health,welfare,and productivity.A diverse and balanced microbiota has been associated with improved growth,efficient feed utilisation,a well-developed immune system,disease resistance,and stress tolerance in *** studies on chicken gut microbiota have predominantly focused on broiler chickens and have usually been limited to one or two sections of the digestive system,under con-trolled research environments,and often sampled at a single time *** extend these studies,this investigation examined the microbiota of commercially raised layer chickens across all major gut sections of the digestive system and with regular sampling from rearing to the end of production at 80 *** aim was to build a detailed picture of microbiota development across the entire digestive system of layer chickens and study spatial and temporal *** The taxonomic composition of gut microbiota differed significantly between birds in the rearing and pro-duction stages,indicating a shift after laying *** microbiota compositions were observed between proven-triculus and gizzard,as well as between jejunum and ileum,likely due to their anatomical ***-lus dominated the upper gut in pullets and the lower gut in older *** oesophagus had a high proportion of Proteobacteria,including opportunistic pathogens such as *** abundance of Gallibacterium increased after peak production in multiple gut *** was enriched in the late-lay phase compared to younger birds in multiple gut *** influenced microbial richness and diversity in different *** upper gut showed decreased diversity over time,possibly influenced by dietary changes,while the lower gut,specifi-cally cecum and colon,displayed increased richness as birds ***,age-related changes were inconsist-ent across all organs,suggesting the influence of organ-specific factors in micro

关键词： Chicken microbiota Gut microbiota Layers Spatial variation Temporal variation

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Numerical modelling of post-failure behaviors of coal specimens

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第2期16卷 514-531页

作者： Ajeet yadav Bhaskara Behera Gauri Shankar Prasad Singh Sanjay Kumar sharma Department of Mining Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(Banaras Hindu University)VaranasiUttar Pradesh221005India

A modelling approach consisting of best-fit relations to estimate the post-yield strength parameters is presented for simulating post-peak behavior beyond the point of residual strength of coal pillars having different w/h *** model was developed based on back-analysis of the complete stress-strain behavior of specimens belonging to six different Indian coal seams with different w/h ratios of 0.5 *** was found that the simultaneous degradation of the cohesion and friction angle of the Mohr-Coulomb rock material characterizes the post-peak strength behavior of the *** resulting expressions are simplistic as they require parameters that can be easily determined using uniaxial and triaxial compression ***,the developed model was validated by simulating the triaxial tests of coal specimens with different sizes under varying confining stresses and comparing its findings with the published test *** study showed that its implementation in the numerical model could reproduce laboratory-observed mechanical response,deformation behavior,and failure mechanism very closely.

关键词： Strain softening Dilatancy Interface Shape effect Residual strength

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Numerical simulation of square shaped particle sedimentation

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 107-116页

作者： Govind sharma Bahni Ray Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz KhasNew Delhi110016India

Direct numerical simulations of square particle sedimentation in a viscous incompressible fluid are presented to examine the effects of sharp edges for various particle-to-fluid density ratios and different initial inclination *** settling process exhibits four different motion regimes;non-oscillatory,non-uniform centered oscillatory,uniform off-centered oscillatory,and non-uniform off-centered(irregular)*** moderate density ratios,we observe that the rotational motion of settling square particle varies with the initial inclination *** employ Dynamic Time Warping and Fast Fourier Transform to analyze translational and angular *** systems are described using phase-space plots,and a chaotic phenomenon is observed at a higher density ratio.

关键词： Sedimentation Distributed Lagrangian multiplier Phase synchronization Oscillations

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Sequential decay analysis of^(235)U(n^(th),f)reaction using fragmentation approach

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 145-154页

作者： Nitin sharma Ashutosh Kaushik Manoj K.sharma School of Physics and Materials Science Thapar Institute of Engineering&TechnologyPatiala-147004PunjabIndia

Numerous experimental and theoretical observations have concluded that the probability of the three fragment emission(ternary fission)or binary fission increases when one proceeds towards the heavy mass region of nuclear periodic *** factors affect fragment emission,such as the shell effect,deformation,orientation,and fissility *** and ternary fissions are observed for both ground and excited states of the *** collinear cluster tripartition(CCT)channel of the^(235)U(n^(th),f)reaction is studied,and we observe that the CCT may be a sequential or simultaneous emission *** date,different approaches have been introduced to study the CCT process as a simultaneous or sequential process,but the decay dynamics of these modes have not been not fully *** the three fragments of the sequential process and exploring their related dynamics using an excitation energy dependent approach would be of further ***,in this study,we investigate the sequential decay mechanism of the^(235)U(n^(th),f)reaction using quantum mechanical fragmentation theory(QMFT).The decay mechanism is considered in two steps,where initially,the nucleus splits into an asymmetric *** the second step,the heavy fragment obtained in the first step divides into two *** I analysis is conducted by calculating the fragmentation potential and preformation probability for the spherical and deformed choices of the decaying *** most probable fragment combination of stage I are identified with respect to the dips in the fragmentation structure and the corresponding maxima of the preformation probability(P0).The light fragments of the identified decay channels(obtained in step I)agree closely with the experimentally observed *** excitation energy of the decay channel is calculated using an iteration *** excitation energy is shared using an excitation energy dependent level density *** obtained excitation

关键词： fission cluster radioactivity ternary fission spontaneous fission cluster model total kinetic energy preformation probability

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Study of plasma parameters of coaxial plasma source using triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup diagnostics

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 94-100页

作者： Sunil KANCHI Rohit SHUKLA Archana sharma Pulsed Power and Electromagnetics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreVisakhapatnam 531011India Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400085India Beam Technology Development Group Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India

Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon *** triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are(1.6±0.5)×10^(19)m^(-3)and(2.8±0.6)×10^(19)m^(-3)for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02±0.5 eV. The mean propagation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54±0.25 cm/μs and 1.81±0.18 cm/μs for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.

关键词： coaxial plasma source triple Langmuir probe Faraday cup plasma density plasma temperature

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Mitigating fire risks in hospitals:Are we primed and geared up?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第3期17卷 141-142页

作者： Raman sharma Sruti sharma Department of Hospital Administration PGIMERChandigarhIndia Department of Hospital Administration Satellite CentreSangrurPGIMERChandigarhIndia

The recent incidents have confirmed that fires in COVID-19 hospitals have become a gruelling and nerve-testing challenge[1-3].The increased volumes of oxygen flow,abundance of inflammable alcohol sanitizers,wearing of inflammable kits,and abundance of equipment make it more acquiescent for such incidents and even difficult to *** density of equipment(especially ventilators)“enriches”air with oxygen,thereby increasing the“combustion risk”.

关键词： nit thereby control

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Bethanechol Remains the Preferred Drug in Suspected Underactive Bladder: Findings from Nation-Wide Prescription Analysis

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第5期14卷 301-311页

作者： Sanjay Vasant Kamble Anjana Kalpesh yadav Maneesha Tarkeshwar sharma Radha Ratnadeep Bhosle Department of Medical Services Samarth Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai India

Background: Bethanechol chloride, a cholinergic agonist, is often prescribed in suspected underactive bladders to improve detrusor contractility, despite its limited clinical efficacy. We investigated the usage pattern of bethanechol in actual practice with the understanding that it would enable the physicians to make an informed decision on the coherent use of bethanechol. Methods: A nation-wide survey was carried out to obtain the responses of the urologists. Out of the 755 urologists approached, 630 survey responses were considered for analysis. Results: Usage of bethanechol was advocated as very common [318 (50.48%)], common [200 (31.75%)], not so common [107 (16.98%)], and rare [5 (0.79%)] in postoperative urinary retention, where it was preferred either exclusively [255 (40.48%)] or along with alpha blockers [247 (39.21%)]. Predilection to use alpha-blocker [247 (39.21%)], alpha-blocker plus naloxone [4 (0.64%)], naloxone [1 (0.16%)], alpha-blocker plus bethanechol plus naloxone [1 (0.16%)] was also observed. It was also preferred individually in pathologies causing urinary retention such as benign prostatic hyperplasia [125 (19.84%)], diabetic neuropathy [82 (13.02%)], neurological diseases [69 (10.95%)], senile bladder [14 (2.22%)], drugs [13 (2.06%)], and infective/inflammatory conditions [6 (0.95%)]. Other [321 (50.95%)] physicians opted to prescribe bethanechol in two or more of the enumerated indications. Bethanechol was prescribed orally as 25 mg thrice daily [441 (70.00%)], 50 mg thrice daily [86 (13.65%)], 25 mg four times daily [59 (9.37%)], and many “strongly agree” and “agree” that its sustained release formulation may offer better treatment compliance [565 (89.68%)], safety [548 (86.99%)], and efficacy [544 (86.35%)]. Conclusion: Bethanechol was the most prescribed drug for the management of postoperative urinary retention and other pathologies suspected to cause underactive bladder.

关键词： Bethanechol Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Detrusor Underactivity Urinary Retention Underactive Bladder

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Process engineering of demineralisation of moderate to high ash Indian coals through NaOH‑HCl leaching and HF leaching

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第2期11卷 111-122页

作者： Heena Dhawan D.K.sharma ANRF Ministry of ScienceNew DelhiIndia Department of Energy Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi 110016India

Chemical leaching of coals would be required to produce cleaner coals for some special applications where physical benefi-ciation may not be effective *** would also help in recovering Li and rare earth metals besides in the sequestration of CO_(2).About 20 Indian coals having complexly distributed moderate to high ash contents were sequentially treated with various alkali–acid such as NaOH-HCl,HF,HCl,HCl-HF,and NaOH-HCl-HF *** aimed to establish and design the best stepwise sequential process for the highest degree of demineralisation through a chemical leaching *** and process intensification studies were carried *** than 80%demineralisation of Madhaipur and Neemcha coals was observed using the best sequential treatment designed *** repeated stepwise treatment of the alkali and the acid was also studied,which was found to significantly enhance the degree of demineralisation of *** integrated process of alkali–acid leaching followed by solvent extraction(Organo-refining)and vice versa of the treated coal was also studied for producing cleaner coals.

关键词： Alkali–acid leaching Demineralisation Integrated process Rare earth elements

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Optimizing sampling frequency of surface and downhole measurements for efficient stick-slip vibration detection

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 30-38页

作者： Saket Srivastava Aditya sharma Catalin Teodoriu Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering The University of Oklahoma

Drilling vibrations significantly impact drilling operations with high costs due to early downhole equipment failure and loss of productive time. Stick-slip vibrations, a severe form of torsional vibrations,is known to be present up to 50% of total drilling time, making it a topic of immense concern and research. An ongoing discussion in the industry is regarding the reliability of surface measurements for early detection of severe downhole bit sticking. Moreover, most surface measurements are sampled at lower frequency rates closer to 1 Hz. Recently, the implementation of advanced data acquisition modules in downhole subs has greatly improved our understanding of drilling vibrations through high resolution data, sampled up to 10 kHz. However, with a wide range of sampling frequency to choose from different available tools, a critical question remains unanswered. What is an optimal and adequate sampling frequency for early detection of downhole vibrations using both surface and downhole measurements?The paper addresses the question with a focus on stick-slip vibrations through an experimental investigation. Stick slip tests are repeated for different sampling frequencies of surface and downhole measurements and the stick slip index for each case is calculated. The stick-slip index varies for different sampling frequency even though the vibration tests remain completely identical. It was inferred that sampling frequency of measurements greatly impact the detection of downhole vibrations. Even though stick-slip vibrations are characteristically low frequency vibrations(≤2Hz), a minimum of 10Hz sampling frequency is recommended for detection of stick-slip vibrations. Moreover, all characteristics of stick-slip vibrations including bit sticking, bit RPM peaks and negative bit RPMs are clearly observed at a minimum of 100Hz sampling rate.

关键词： Stick-slip

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Numerical Analysis of Phase Change and Container Materials for Thermal Energy Storage in the Storage Tank of Solar Water Heating System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 408-421页

作者： SINGH Shailendra ANAND Abhishek SHUKLA Amritanshu sharma Atul Non-Conventional Energy Laboratory Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum TechnologyJais Amethi229304India

This study evaluates the effectiveness of phase change materials(PCMs) inside a storage tank of warm water for solar water heating(SWH) system through the theoretical simulation based on the experimental model of *** et *** model is explained by five fundamental equations for the calculation of various parameters like the effectiveness of PCMs,the mass of hot water,total heat content,and duration of *** study simulated eleven PCMs to analyze their effectiveness like Sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate(SHPD),OM 37,N-Eicosane(NE),Lauric acid(LA),Paraffin wax(PW),OM 48,Paraffin wax C_(20-33)(PW-C20-33),Sodium acetate trihydrate(SAT),Palmitic acid(PA),Myristic acid(MA),and Stearic acid(SA).Among all PCMs,the SHPD has found the highest value of effectiveness factor of ***,it is the most recommended PCM for the storage tank of the SWH *** study also includes the melt fraction analysis of all enumerated PCMs corresponding to container materials of stainless steel,glass,aluminum mixed,tin,aluminum,and *** melt fraction analysis is performed by making a coding program in the FORTRAN programming *** the analysis,copper container material is found to have high melting rate for all PCMs so it is superior to other container materials.

关键词： theoretical model solar water heating system phase change material effectiveness factor melt fraction

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