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Recent insights into aquatic viruses: Emerging and reemerging pathogens, molecular features, biological effects, and novel investigative approaches

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第4期1卷 9-39页

作者： qi-ya zhang Fei Ke Lang Gui Zhe Zhao Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430072China Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of EducationCollege of Fisheries and Life ScienceShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China Department of Marine Biology College of OceanographyHohai UniversityNanjing210098China

Aquatic viruses are naturally present in the aquatic environment and the number of viruses is *** multicellular organisms in aquatic ecosystems may be infected,cross-species transmitted,manipulated,and killed by aquatic viruses,which can lead to cascading ecological *** viruses in unicellular aquatic organisms can alter interactions between host individuals,and are essential in effecting or maintaining the dynamics of aquatic microbial communities,horizontal gene transfer,biodiversity,and modulating ecological processes ***,hosts also impact viral abundance and *** diversity drives multifunctionality in ecosystems,while viruses shape complex microbial communities and are crucial for ecosystem *** review focuses on molecular,genetic,evolutionary,and ecosystemic advances related to emerging and reemerging aquatic viruses,presents the contexts,novel tools,and investigative approaches pertaining to the study of aquatic virology,and discusses the mechanisms by which viruses affect aquatic *** paper provides an efficient and broadly-based blueprint for improving understanding of aquatic viruses.

关键词： Aquatic virus Organism killers Biological evolution engine Aquatic ecosystems Molecular features Different lineages Novel investigative approaches Biogeochemical cycles

Simulation of fire emergency evacuation in a large-passenger-flow subway station based on the on-site measured data of Shenzhen Metro

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第1期6卷 47-55页

作者： Hua Chen Chenyang zhang Jieyu zhang ya Shu Xinjian qi Chaozhe Jiang Sichuan FAST Fire Safety Assessment Co. LTD.Chengdu 610036SichuanChina School of Transportation and Logistics Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756SichuanChina Sichuan Fire Research Institute of MEM Chengdu 610036SichuanChina Shenzhen Metro Group Co. LTD.Shenzhen 518026GuangdongChina

Because of its large capacity,high efficiency and energy savings,the subway has gradually become the primary mode of transportation for citizens.A high density of passengers exists within a large-passenger-flow subway station,and the number of casualties and injuries during a fire emergency is *** this paper,Pathfinder software and on-site measured data of Pingzhou station in Shenzhen(China)were utilized to simulate a fire emergency evacuation in a large-passenger-flow subway *** Required Safe Egress Time(RSET),number of passengers and flow rates of stairs and escalators were analysed for three fire evacuation scenarios:train fire,platform fire and hall *** evacuation time of the train fire,which was 1173 s,was the longest,and 3621 occupants needed to evacuate when the train was fully *** could not complete the evacuation within 6 mins in all three fire evacuation scenarios,which does not meet the current standard requirements and *** changing the number of passengers and the number of stairs for evacuation,the flow rate capacity and evacuation time were explored,which have reference values for safety management and emergency evacuation plan optimization during peak hours of subway operation.

关键词： fire emergency evacuation large-passenger-flow subway station on-site measured data Pathfinder

Stomatal dynamics are regulated by leaf hydraulic traits and guard cell anatomy in nine true mangrove species

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 395-405页

作者： ya-Dong qie qi-Wei zhang Scott A.M.McAdam Kun-Fang Cao State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection Ministry of EducationGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541001China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541001China Purdue Center for Plant Biology Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Stomatal regulation is critical for mangroves to survive in the hyper-saline intertidal zone where water stress is severe and water availability is highly ***,very little is known about the stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit(VPD)in mangroves,and its co-ordination with stomatal morphology and leaf hydraulic *** measured the stomatal response to a step increase in VPD in situ,stomatal anatomy,leaf hydraulic vulnerability and pressure-volume traits in nine true mangrove species of five families and collected the data of genome *** aimed to answer two questions:(1)Does stomatal morphology influence stomatal dynamics in response to a high VPD in mangroves?with a consideration of possible influence of genome size on stomatal morphology;and(2)do leaf hydraulic traits influence stomatal sensitivity to VPD in mangroves?We found that the stomata of mangrove plants were highly sensitive to a step rise in VPD and the stomatal responses were directly affected by stomatal anatomy and hydraulic ***,denser stomata was correlated with faster stomatal closure at high VPD across the species of Rhizophoraceae,and stomata size negatively and vein density positively correlated with genome *** negative leaf osmotic pressure at the full turgor(πo)was related to higher operating steady-state stomatal conductance(gs);and a higher leaf capacitance(Cleaf)and more embolism resistant leaf xylem were associated with slower stomatal responses to an increase in *** addition,stomatal responsiveness to VPD was indirectly affected by leaf morphological traits,which were affected by site salinity and consequently leaf water *** results demonstrate that mangroves display a unique relationship between genome size,stomatal size and vein packing,and that stomatal responsiveness to VPD is regulated by leaf hydraulic traits and stomatal *** work provides a quantitative framework to better understand of stomatal regulation in mangroves

关键词： Stomatal temporal kinetics Vapour-pressure deficit(VPD) Leaf water relations Leaf hydraulic vulnerability Leaf osmotic potential Genome size

New progress in roles of nitric oxide during hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第14期23卷 2505-2510页

作者： ya-qi zhang Ning Ding Yong-Fen Zeng Yuan-Yuan Xiang Mei-Wen yang Fen-Fang Hong Shu-Long yang Department of Physiology Basic Medical CollegeNanchang University Medical Experimental Teaching Center Jiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang University

Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a clinical condition which may lead to cellular injury and organ dysfunction. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in HIRI is complicated and inconclusive. NO produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation plays a protective role during early HIRI. But eNOS overexpression and the resulting excessive NO bioavailability can aggravate liver injury. NO induced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may have either a protective or a deleterious effect during the early phase of HIRI, but it may protect the liver during late HIRI. Here, we reviewed the latest findings on the role of NO during HIRI: (1) NO exerts a protective effect against HIRI by increasing NO bioavailability, downregulating p53 gene expression, decreasing inflammatory chemokines, reducing ROS via inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain, activating sGC-GTP-cGMP signal pathway to reduce liver cell apoptosis, and regulating hepatic immune functions; (2) eNOS protects against HIRI by increasing NO levels, several eNOS/NO signal pathways (such as Akt-eNOS/NO, AMPK-eNOS/NO and HIF-1 alpha-eNOS/NO) participating in the anti-HIRI process, and inhibiting over-expression of eNOS also protects against HIRI; and (3) the inhibition of iNOS prevents HIRI. Thus, the adverse effects of NO should be avoided, but its positive effect in the clinical treatment of diseases associated with HIRI should be recognized.

关键词： Liver Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury Nitric oxide Nitric oxide synthase

Adverse effect of niobium and boron on hot deformation behavior of sulfur-containing steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第1期31卷 252-263页

作者： Guo-ning He Shi-qi Wan Bo Jiang Chao-lei zhang ya-zheng Liu Chun-jing Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China

The hot deformation behaviors of sulfur-containing gear steel 20MnCr5 containing three different contents of Nb and B(0,0.021%Nb,and 0.024%Nb-0.0022%B)were *** compression and tenssion tests were carried out by Gleeble3800 at the austenite region from 850 to 1150℃and the adverse effects of Nb and B were analyzed by the fracture,microstructure and precipitate *** compression tests showed that the proportions of instable area in hot processing maps of 0.021%Nb and Nb-B steels were higher and the deformability of Nb free steel was *** tensile deformation experiments showed that the reduction areas of Nb free,0.021%Nb and Nb-B steels were 92%-99%,84%-98%and 67%-97%,*** addition of Nb or Nb and B inhibited the dynamic recrystallization during hot deformation,and consequently,more deformed grains were then formed in 0.021%Nb and Nb-B steels thus to obtain the microstructure with worse uniformity and then deteriorate the *** addition,the interaction between inclusions and microalloyed elements was also *** particles of 0.021%Nb and Nb-B steels dynamically precipitated during deformation and precipitated together with MnS thus to worsen the deformability,resulting in the decrease of reduction area.

关键词： Hot deformation Gear steel Processing map Dynamic recrystallization Microalloying

Quantitative prediction model for the depth limit of oil accumulation in the deep carbonate rocks:A case study of Lower Ordovician in Tazhong area of Tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 115-124页

作者： Wen-yang Wang Xiong-qi Pang ya-Ping Wang zhang-Xin Chen Fu-Jie Jiang Ying Chen State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu610041SichuanChina Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

With continuous hydrocarbon exploration extending to deeper basins,the deepest industrial oil accumulation was discovered below 8,200 m,revealing a new exploration ***,the extent to which oil exploration can be extended,and the prediction of the depth limit of oil accumulation(DLOA),are issues that have attracted significant attention in petroleum *** it is difficult to characterize the evolution of the physical properties of the marine carbonate reservoir with burial depth,and the deepest drilling still cannot reach the ***,the DLOA cannot be predicted by directly establishing the relationship between the ratio of drilling to the dry layer and the *** this study,by establishing the relationships between the porosity and the depth and dry layer ratio of the carbonate reservoir,the relationships between the depth and dry layer ratio were obtained *** depth corresponding to a dry layer ratio of 100%is the *** on this,a quantitative prediction model for the DLOA was finally *** results indicate that the porosity of the carbonate reservoir,Lower Ordovician in Tazhong area of Tarim Basin,tends to decrease with burial depth,and manifests as an overall low porosity reservoir in deep *** critical porosity of the DLOA was 1.8%,which is the critical geological condition corresponding to a 100%dry layer ratio encountered in the *** depth of the DLOA was 9,000 *** study provides a new method for DLOA prediction that is beneficial for a deeper understanding of oil accumulation,and is of great importance for scientific guidance on deep oil drilling.

关键词： Deep layer Tarim Basin Hydrocarbon accumulation Depth limit of oil accumulation Prediction model

Dynamic aggregation of carbon dots self-stabilizes symmetry breaking for exceptional hydrogen production with near-infrared light

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Aggregate

Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 385-397页

作者： qi zhang ya zhang Hu Shi Hongxia zhang Jianghong Zhao Zhanfeng Zheng Hengquan yang Pengju yang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Fine Chemicals Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina Institute of Molecular Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuanChina

Developing new photosystems that integrate broad-band near-infrared(NIR)light harvesting and efficient charge separation is a long-sought goal in the photocatalytic *** this work,we develop a novel photochemical strategy to prepare light-active carbon dots(CDs)under room temperature and discover that the aggregation of CDs can broaden the light absorption to the NIR region due to the electronic couplings between neighboring ***,the dynamic noncovalent interactions within CD aggregates can stabilize symmetry breaking and thus induce large dipole moments for charge separation and ***,the weak non-covalent interactions allow for flexible design of the aggregated degrees and the local electronic structures of CD aggregates,further strengthening NIR-light harvesting and charge separation *** a result,the CD aggregates achieve a record apparent quantum yield of 13.5%at 800 nm,which is one of the best-reported values for NIR-light-driven hydrogen photosynthesis to ***,we have prepared a series of different CDs and also observed that these CDs after aggregation all exhibit outstanding NIR-responsive photocatalytic hydrogen production activity,suggesting the universality of aggregation-enhanced *** discovery opens a new promising platform for using CD aggregates as efficient light absorbers for solar conversion.

关键词： aggregation charge separation hydrogen production near-infrared light photocatalysis

Recent advances in multifunctional shape memory photonic crystals and practical applications

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Nano Research 2024年第1期17卷 79-96页

作者： Yong qi Shufen zhang State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontier Science Center for Smart MaterialsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Shape memory photonic crystals(SMPCs)are smart composite materials with changeable structural color integrated by shape memory polymer and photonic *** can produce one or more temporary shapes through nanoscale deformation,memorizing current *** can be recovered to their original shapes or some intermediate states under external stimuli,accompanied by the variation of structural *** porous carriers with built-in sensing properties,SMPCs promoted the interdisciplinary development of nanophotonic technology in materials science,environmental engineering,biomedicine,chemical engineering,and ***,the recent progress on multifunctional SMPCs and practical applications,including traditional and cold programmable SMPCs,is summarized and *** primary concern is shape programming at the nanoscale that has demonstrated numerous attractive functions,including smart sensing,ink-free printing,solvent detection,reprogrammable gradient wetting,and controllable bubble transportation,under variations of the surface *** aims to figure out the nanoscale shape memory effects on structural color conversion and additional performance,inspiring the fabrication of the next generation of ***,perspectives on future research directions and applications are also *** is believed that multifunctional SMPCs are powerful nanophotonic tools for the interdisciplinary development of numerous disciplines in the future.

关键词： photonic crystal shape memory structural color cold programmable shape recovery

On a Flexible Loan Repayment Method Depending on Borrower's Asset with an Early Termination Clause

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年第2期40卷 557-567页

作者： Jin LIANG Jia-qi MAO Zhao-ya LIU School of Mathematical Sciences Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Aiming at the problem that the asset’s fluctuation influences the borrower’s repayment ability,a loan with a new and flexible repayment method is designed,which depends on the asset value of the *** repayment method can reduce the loan default probability,but it causes the uncertainty of the pay off *** the repayment term is related to the regular repayment amount in this method,a boundary for the regular repayment amount is set up in order to avoid too long repayment *** will balance the benefit of borrowers and lenders and improve the applicability of this *** establishing a mathematical model of the residual value of the loan,this model can be transformed into an initial-boundary problem of a partial differential *** analytic solution and the expected time to pay off the loan are ***,numerical analysis are shown.

关键词： flexible repayment method repayment ratio early termination clause expected pay off time