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Less Is More, Natural Loss-of-Function Mutation Is a Strategy for Adaptation

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Plant Communications 2020年第6期1卷 34-42页

作者： Yong-Chao Xu ya-long guo State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Gene gain and loss are crucial factors that shape the evolutionary success of diverse *** the past two decades,more attention has been paid to the significance of gene gain through gene duplication or de novo ***,gene loss through natural loss-of-function(LoF)mutations,which isprevalent in the genomes of diverse organisms,has been largely *** the development of sequencing techniques,many genomes have been sequenced across diverse species and can be used to study the evolutionary patterns of gene *** this review,we summarize recent advances in research on various aspects of LoF mutations,including their identification,evolutionary dynamics in natural populations,and functional *** particular,we discuss how LoF mutations can provide insights into the minimum gene set(or the essential gene set)of an ***,we emphasize their potential impact on *** the genome level,although most LoF mutations are neutral or deleterious,at least some of them are under positive selection and may contribute to biodiversity and ***,we highlight the importance of natural LoF mutations as a robust framework for understanding biological questions in general.

关键词： adaptive evolution biodiversity essential genes loss-of-function natural variation

Frequent Introgressions from Diploid Species Contribute to the Adaptation of the Tetraploid Shepherd＇s Purse （Capsella bursa-pastoris）

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Molecular Plant 2015年第3期8卷 427-438页

作者： Ting-Shen Han Qiong Wu Xing-Hui Hou Zi-Wen Li Yu-Pan Zou Song Ge ya-long guo State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

is the most important ability for organisms to survive in diverse habitats. Animals have the option to escape from stressful environments, but plants do not. In plants, polyploids consist of about 30%-70% angiosperms and 95% ferns, of which some are important crops such as cotton and wheat. How polyploid plants adapt to various habitats has been a fundamental question remained largely unanswered. The tetra- ploid Shepherd＇s purse （Capsella bursa-pastoris） is one of the most successful plants on earth and has been distributed across the world, thus being an ideal model system for studying the adaptation of poly- ploids. We found that there are frequent introgressions from congeneric diploids to Shepherd＇s purse. Ecological niche modeling suggests that ecological differentiation is evident between the introgressed and non-introgressed C. bursa-pastoris, and the introgressions are a source of adaptation. This result links an evolutionary process to the adaptation of polyploids, and sheds light on the breeding strategy of poly- ploids as well. We conclude that frequent introgressions from congeneric diploids contributed to the acqui- sition of adequate genetic variations, thereby allowing C. bursa-pastoris to adapt to various habitats across the world. Our results highlight how a polypioid could have successfully established after it originated.

关键词： adaptation Capsella bursa-pastoris introgression polyploid

种植密度和氮添加对拟南芥生物量产量和叶片化学计量特征的影响

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第3期16卷 119-130页

作者： Zheng-Bing yan Di Tian Han-Yue Huang Yuan-Feng Sun Xing-Hui Hou Wen-Xuan Han ya-long guo Jing-Yun Fang Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

种植密度和氮供应量可以影响植物的生存和养分利用策略,但这两个因子对植物生长和元素平衡的交互影响目前仍不清楚。本研究以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)为研究对象开展控制实验,设置4个种植密度和4个氮添加水平的组合处理,探究了植... 详细信息

种植密度和氮供应量可以影响植物的生存和养分利用策略,但这两个因子对植物生长和元素平衡的交互影响目前仍不清楚。本研究以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)为研究对象开展控制实验,设置4个种植密度和4个氮添加水平的组合处理,探究了植物生物量产量(用总生物量和生物量分配来表征)和养分利用策略(用叶片氮磷计量来表征)的相应变化。研究结果表明,生物量-密度关系受到氮供应量的调控,在低氮水平下呈负相关关系,而在高氮水平下呈现近似最终产量恒定的趋势。过量的氮添加在低密度下抑制植物生长,而这种负影响随着种植密度的增加而逐渐得到缓解。根冠比在低氮水平下随种植密度的增加而增加,但在高氮水平下随种植密度的增加而降低。相比种植密度,氮供应量对叶片氮磷计量特征存在更重要的调控作用:随着氮添加水平的增加,叶片氮含量(或磷含量)呈现增加(或降低)的趋势,导致这两种元素浓度间存在负相关幂律关系。总之,这些研究结果表明,氮供应量和种植密度对拟南芥的生物量产量和叶片化学计量特征存在交互作用。因此,今后预测植物在养分变化下的种间竞争时需要考虑这两个因子间的交互作用。

关键词：拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana) 最终产量恒定生物量分配氮供应量种植密度植物化学计量幂律关系

What can we learn from evolutionary genomics in Arabidopsis relatives

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What can we learn from evolutionary genomics in Arabidopsis ...

Evolutionary genomics and natural variation of Arabidopsis relatives

后植物志时代的系统与进化植物学——2011年全国系统与进化植物学暨第十届青年学术研讨会

作者： ya-long guo (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093)

We sequenced the 207 Mb genome sequence of the outcrosser Arabidopsis lyrata,which diverged from the self-fertilizing species *** about 10 million years *** is generally assumed that the much smaller *** genome,which is only 125 Mb,constitutes the derived state for the family. Apparent genome reduction in this genus can be partially attributed to the loss of DNA from large-scale

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Evolutionary genomics and natural variation of Arabidopsis r...

The complex effects of miR-146a in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

从植物科学到农业发展——2012全国植物生物学大会

作者： ya-long guo~* State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China

Arabidopsis relatives is a good model system for the study of genomics and natural *** S locus is a single polymorphic locus,which is responsible for self-incompatibility(SI) in the Brassicaceae *** its importance,our knowledge of S-locus evolution is largely restricted to the causal genes encoding the SRK receptor and SCR ligand of the SI *** present high-quality sequences of the genomic region of six S-locus haplotypes from Arabidopsis thaliana,Arabidopsis lyrata,and Capsella rubella. We found that duplication,gene conversion,and positive selection have been important factors in the evolution of these two genes,and appear to contribute to the generation of new recognition *** is an inbreeding annual forb closely related to Arabidopsis *** and rare FRI mutations along with rare FLC mutations explain a large fraction of flowering time variation in *** document flowering time under different conditions in 20 *** accessions from across the species’ range, and did not find any obvious loss-of-function FRI *** mapping-by-sequencing with two strains that have contrasting flowering behaviors,we identified a splice-site mutation in FLC as the likely cause of early flowering in accession 1408.

关键词： Arabidopsis relatives Evolutionary genomics Natural variation S locus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1309-1323页

作者： Yunfan long Jiajia Liu Yu Wang Haidong guo guohong Cui Department of Neurology Shanghai No.9 People’s HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Academy of Integrative Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina School of Integrative Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Neurology Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral *** plaques formed through the extracellular deposition of amyloid-βproteins,as well as neurofibrillary tangles formed by the intracellular deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins,comprise two typical pathological features of Alzheimer's *** symptomatic treatment,there are no effective therapies for delaying Alzheimer's disease ***(miR)are small,non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels and play important roles in multiple physiological and pathological ***,miR-146a,a NF-κB-regulated gene,has been extensively implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease through several *** has demonstrated substantial dysregulation of miR-146a both during the initial phases and throughout the progression of this *** R-146a is believed to reduce amyloid-βdeposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation through the TLR/IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway;however,there is also evidence supporting that it can promote these processes through many other pathways,thus exacerbating the pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's *** has been widely reported that miR-146a mediates synaptic dysfunction,mitochondrial dysfunction,and neuronal death by targeting m RNAs encoding synapticrelated proteins,mitochondrial-related proteins,and membrane proteins,as well as other *** the impact on glial cells,miR-146a also exhibits differential *** one hand,it causes widespread and sustained inflammation through certain pathways,while on the other hand,it can reverse the polarization of astrocytes and microglia,alleviate neuroinflammation,and promote oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation,thus maintaining the normal function of the myelin sheath and exerting a protective effect on *** this review,we provide a

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β glial cells microRNAs miR-146a neuroinflammatory

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g-C_(3)N_(4)负载双金属Rh@Ru催化氨硼烷析氢反应机理研究

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原子与分子物理学报 2025年第5期42卷 17-21页

作者：郭雅琼武警警官学院成都610213

本文采用密度泛函理论,研究了双金属Rh@Ru在g-C_(3)N_(4)上不同负载位点,确定了稳定的催化剂构型,并详细研究了该催化剂催化氨硼烷析氢的反应机理.通过比较氨硼烷析氢反应三条路径所需活化能,发现路径Ⅲ控制步骤活化能较低,而路径Ⅰ、... 详细信息

本文采用密度泛函理论,研究了双金属Rh@Ru在g-C_(3)N_(4)上不同负载位点,确定了稳定的催化剂构型,并详细研究了该催化剂催化氨硼烷析氢的反应机理.通过比较氨硼烷析氢反应三条路径所需活化能,发现路径Ⅲ控制步骤活化能较低,而路径Ⅰ、Ⅱ所需活化能较高,反应路径Ⅲ更容易进行,Ⅰ为最优析氢路径.从微观角度揭示双贵金属Rh@Ru负载g-C_(3)N_(4)催化氨硼烷析氢的三条机理,希望为氨硼烷析氢催化剂的优化和设计提供理论信息.

关键词：双金属催化剂 g-C_(3)N_(4) NH_(3)BH_(3) 密度泛函理论反应机理

Reducing the measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 64-70页

作者： guo-Fu Xu Department of Physics Shandong University

Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers serve as the physical platform for nonadiabatic holonomic quantum *** quantum computation has entered the noisy intermediate-scale era, building accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is clearly necessary. Given that measurements are the sole means of extracting information, they play an indispensable role in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers. Accordingly, developing methods to reduce measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is of great importance. However, while much attention has been given to the research on nonadiabatic holonomic gates, the research on reducing measurement errors in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers is severely lacking. In this study, we propose a measurement error reduction method tailored for intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers. The reason we say this is because our method can not only reduce the measurement errors in the computer but also be useful in mitigating errors originating from nonadiabatic holonomic gates. Given these features,our method significantly advances the construction of accurate intermediate-scale nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computers.

关键词： quantum holonomy quantum computation measurement errors

复杂主动脉疾病中分支与开窗型腔内支架的创新进展与应用

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中华外科杂志 2025年第1期63卷 45-50页

作者：曹龙葛阳阳郭伟解放军总医院第一医学中心血管外科北京

近年来, 主动脉腔内修复技术治疗累及重要分支的复杂主动脉疾病(如主动脉弓和复杂腹主动脉瘤等), 取得了明显进展。分支、开窗型支架的快速发展, 为无法耐受开放手术的复杂主动脉疾病患者, 提供了安全、有效的微创治疗选择。初步临床证... 详细信息

近年来, 主动脉腔内修复技术治疗累及重要分支的复杂主动脉疾病(如主动脉弓和复杂腹主动脉瘤等), 取得了明显进展。分支、开窗型支架的快速发展, 为无法耐受开放手术的复杂主动脉疾病患者, 提供了安全、有效的微创治疗选择。初步临床证据表明, 分支、开窗型支架的技术成功率和手术效果均较好, 逐渐成为复杂主动脉疾病腔内修复技术创新与发展的重要方向。但不可否认, 分支、开窗型支架在复杂主动脉疾病的腔内治疗中尚处于早期经验积累阶段, 未来还需要一系列高质量研究验证其治疗效果, 并完善其与开放手术及不同腔内技术间的疗效比较。

关键词：主动脉疾病主动脉瘤主动脉弓分支与开窗型腔内支架