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Degradation of synthetic Dyeing Wastewater by Underwater Electrical Discharge Processes

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Plasma science and Technology 2013年第7期15卷 659-665页

作者： s.D.KIM D.I.JANG B.J.LIM s.B.LEE y.s.mok yeongsan River Environment Research Center National Institute of Environmental ResearchGwangju 500-480 Korea Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Jeju National UniversityJeju 690-756 Korea

Electrical discharge treatments of synthetic dyeing wastewater were carried out with two different systems： underwater pulsed electrical discharge （UPED） and underwater dielectric barrier discharge （UDBD）. Reactive Blue 4 （RB4） and Acid Red 4 （AR4） were used as model contaminants for the synthetic wastewater. The performance of the aforementioned systems was compared with respect to the chromaticity removal and the energy requirement. The results showed that the present electrical discharge systems were very effective for degradation of the dyes. The dependences of the dye degradation rate on treatment time, initial dye concentration, electrical energy, and the type of working gas including air, 02, and N2 were examined. The change in the initial dye concentration did not largely affect the degradation of either RB4 or AR4. The energy delivered to the UPED system was only partially utilized for generating reactive species capable of degrading the dyes, leading to higher energy requirement than the UDBD system. Among the working gases, the best performance was observed with O2. As the degradation proceeded, the concentration of total dissolved solids and the solution conductivity kept increasing while pH showed a decreasing trend, revealing that the dyes were effectively mineralized.

关键词： degradation dyeing wastewater pulsed electrical discharge dielectric barrierdischarge

Regeneration of C_4H_(10) dry reforming catalyst by nonthermal plasma

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2013年第3期22卷 394-402页

作者： y.s.mok E.Jwa y.J.Hyun Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Jeju National UniversityJeju 690-756Republic of Korea Korea Institute of Energy Research Jeju 699-903Republic of Korea

Carbon deposition via coke formation is one of the critical problems causing catalyst deactivation during the reforming of hydrocarbons. An effort was made to regenerate the catalyst （Ni/γ-alumina） by oxidation methods. Two approaches were carded out for the regeneration of the deactivated catalyst. The first one involves the plasma treatment of the deactivated catalyst in the presence of dry air over a temperature range of 300-500℃, while the second one only the thermal treatment in the same temperature range. The performance of the regenerated catalyst was evaluated in terms of C4H10 and CO2 conversions and the physicochemical characteristics were examined using a surface area analyzer, an elemental analyzer, scanning electron microscopy （sEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It was observed that the carbon deposit （coke） on the catalyst was about 9.89 wt% after reforming C4H10 for 5 h at 540℃. The simple thermal treatment at 400 ℃ reduced carbon content to 6.59 wt% whereas it was decreased to 3.25 wt% by the plasma and heat combination. The specific surface area was fully restored to the original state by the plasma-assisted regeneration at 500℃. As far as the catalytic activity is concerned, the fresh and regenerated catalysts exhibited similar C4H10 and CO2 conversion efficiencies.

关键词： dry reforming coke formation regeneration plasma catalyst

High-resolution multi-scale air pollution system:Evaluation of modelling performance and emission control strategies

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第3期137卷 65-81页

作者： Diogo Lopes Joana Ferreira sandra Rafael Ka In Hoi Xin Li yuan Liu Ka-Veng yuen Kai Meng mok Ana Isabel Miranda Department of Environment and Planning&CEsAM University of AveiroAveiroPortugal Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MacaoMacao SARChina

A high percentage of the world's population lives in areas where air pollutant concentrations exceed the World Health Organization *** work aims to develop and test,a high-resolution multi-scale air pollution modelling system by integrating a set of adequate *** system is able to provide detailed air pollutant concentrations in urban areas and support air quality management strategies through a better identification of different atmospheric *** also allows furthering the design and assessment of air pollution control measures for a specific *** evaluate its performance and suitability,the system was applied to the Macao special Administrative Region(sAR),China,one of the most densely populated areas on earth,during a winter period when this area is affected by high levels of Particulate Matter(PM).Although the developed system tends to underestimate the PM concentrations,it revealed a good performance in reproducing the temporal and spatial air pollution *** exceedances of the Chinese air quality standards were calculated and high population exposure to PM pollution was *** tested urban atmospheric emission reduction scenarios have shown air quality improvements,indicating that emission reduction measures at urban level should focus on the domestic ***,it is crucial to implement joint pollution prevention strategies with neighbouring regions to improve the air quality in Macao *** approach developed in this work can support policymakers in defining new strategies to reduce atmospheric pollution in urban areas.

关键词： Urban areas High-resolution emission inventory Particulate matter Population exposure

IR780/Gemcitabine-conjugated metal-phenolic network enhanced photodynamic cancer therapy

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第1期35卷 305-309页

作者： songtao Zhou Hao Tian Jie yan Zhan Zhang Guohao Wang Xinying yu Wei sang Bei Li Greta s.P.mok Jie song yunlu Dai Cancer Center and Institute of Translational Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao 999078China MoE Frontiers science Center for Precision Oncology University of MacaoMacao 999078China Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer(IBMC) Chinese Academy of SciencesThe Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310022China Biomedical Imaging Laboratory(BIG) Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MacaoMacao 999078China

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer treatment that uses energy of light to generate active substances that cause damage to the cancer. Photosensitizers are employed to absorb light and generate toxic reactive oxygen species (ROs) to damage biomolecules like DNA. At the same time, some chemotherapy drugs like nucleotide analogues can provide mechanism-guided promotion in the treatment efficacy of PDT. However, the photosensitizer and chemotherapy drugs used in PDT is usually organic molecules, which suffers from bad solubility, fast clearance, and acute toxicity. To achieve targeted treatment, a reasonable delivery system is necessary. Therefore, we reported a metal-phenolic network where IR780 and gemcitabine were coupled chemically to overcome these shortcomings. The enhanced PDT effects can be realized by the promoted cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the synergistic therapy also induced T-cell mediated anti-tumor immune response, which was significant for the inhibition of distant tumor growth. This work expanded the biomedical application of metal-phenolic materials and contribute to the wider application of photodynamic cancer therapy.

关键词： Metal phenolic network IR780 Photodynamic therapy Breast cancer Gemcitabine

Organic X-Ray Image sensors Using a Medium Bandgap Polymer Donor with Low Dark Current

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ENERGy & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALs 2024年第6期7卷 230-237页

作者： Ha, Jong-Woon Eom, seung Hun Cha, Bo Kyung song, seyeong Eun, Hyeong Ju Kim, Jong H. Park, Jong mok Kim, Bongsoo Park, Byoungwook Ko, seo-Jin yoon, sung Cheol Lee, Changjin Jung, In Hwan Hwang, Do-Hoon Pusan Natl Univ Chem Inst Funct Mat Dept Chem Busan 46241 South Korea Korea Res Inst Chem Technol KRICT Div Adv Energy Mat Res Ctr Daejeon 34114 South Korea Korea Electrotechnol Res Inst KERI Electromed Device Res Ctr Ansan 15588 South Korea Ulsan Natl Inst sci & Technol UNIsT Grad Sch Carbon Neutral Sch Energy & Chem Engn Ulsan 44919 South Korea Ajou Univ Dept Mol Sci & Technol Suwon 16449 South Korea Korea Res Inst Chem Technol Res Ctr Adv Specialty Chem Ulsan 44412 South Korea Ulsan Natl Inst sci & Technol UNIsT Dept Chem Ulsan 44919 South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Organ & Nano Engn Human Tech Convergence Program 222 Wangsimni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea

The development of portable X-ray detectors is necessary for diagnosing fractures in unconscious patients in emergency situations. However, this is quite challenging because of the heavy weight of the scintillator and silicon photodetectors. The weight and thickness of X-ray detectors can be reduced by replacing the silicon layer with an organic photodetectors. This study presents a novel bithienopyrroledione-based polymer donor that exhibits excellent photodetection properties even in a thick photoactive layer (similar to 700 nm), owing to the symmetric backbone and highly soluble molecular structure of bithienopyrroledione. The ability of bithienopyrroledione-based polymer donor to strongly suppress the dark current density (J(d) similar to 10(-10) A cm(-2)) at a negative bias (-2.0 V) while maintaining high responsivity (R = 0.29 A W-1) even at a thickness of 700 nm results in a maximum shot-noise-limited specific detectivity of D-sh* = 2.18 x 10(13) Jones in the organic photodetectors. Printed organic photodetectors are developed by slot-die coating for use in X-ray detectors, which exhibit D-sh* = 2.73 x 10(12) Jones with clear rising (0.26 s) and falling (0.29 s) response times upon X-ray irradiation. Detection reliability is also proven by linear response of the X-ray detector, and the X-ray detection limit is 3 mA.

关键词： low dark current low detection limit organic photodetector printable X-ray DETECTORs PHOTOCONDUCTORs sENsITIVITy

Utilizing engineered extracellular vesicles as delivery vectors in the management of ischemic stroke:a special outlook on mitochondrial delivery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2181-2198页

作者： Jiali Chen yiyang Li Xingping Quan Jinfen Chen yan Han Li yang Manfei Zhou Greta seng Peng mok Ruibing Wang yonghua Zhao Institute of Chinese Medical sciences State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineUniversity of MacaoTaipaMacao Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Pharmacy Hunan Provincial People’s Hospitalthe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MacaoTaipaMacao Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Pharmaceutical sciences Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacaoTaipaMacao Special Administrative RegionChina

Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on *** vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic ***,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery *** utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly ***,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic *** extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke *** this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification *** the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment ***,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.

关键词： delivery engineering extracellular vesicles identification ischemic stroke isolation mitochondria targeting strategy therapeutic effects

Decomposition of trifluoromethane in a dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma reactor

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2012年第7期24卷 1234-1239页

作者： M. sanjeeva Gandhi y. s. mok Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Jeju National University

The decomposition of trifluoromethane （CHF3） was carried out using non-thermal plasma generated in a dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） reactor. The effects of reactor temperature, electric power, initial concentration and oxygen content were examined. The DBD reactor was able to completely destroy CHF3 with alumina beads as a packing material. The decomposition efficiency increased with increasing electric power and reactor temperature. The destruction of CHF3 gradually increased with the addition of O2 up to 2%, but further increase in the oxygen content led to a decrease in the decomposition efficiency. The degradation pathways were explained with the identified by-products. The main by-products from CHF3 were found to be COF2, CF4, CO2 and CO although the COF2 and CF4 disappeared when the plasma were combined with alumina catalyst.

关键词： trifluoromethane plasma alumina dielectric barrier discharge decomposition

Destruction of hexafluoroethane in a dielectric-packed bed plasma reactor

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第7期11卷 538-544页

作者： D. H. KIM y. s. mok s. B. LEE s. M. sHIN Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Research Institute of Advanced Technology Jeju National University Environmental Business Unit Samsung Engineering Co. Ltd. Hwasung Gyeonggido Korea

The destruction of hexafluoroethane (C2F6), also known as R-116, was investigated in a nonthermal plasma reactor packed with dielectric pellets. The effects of the feed gas composition and the input power on the destruction of C2F6 were examined. The feed gas composition was varied by changing the oxygen content, the argon content and the initial C2F6 concentration. An increased input power led to increased C2F6 destruction as a result of promoting the electron-molecule collisions to dissociate C2F6 molecules. The addition of argon to the feed gas greatly improved the C2F6 destruction by reducing the energy losses due to vibrational excitation and dissociation of N2 molecules, while the increases in the oxygen content and the initial C2F6 concentration decreased the destruction efficiency. The byproducts including CO2, CO, COF2, CF4, siF4, NO2, and N2O were identified, and the destruction mechanisms were elucidated, referring to these compounds. The most abundant byproduct was found to be carbonyl fluoride (COF2), indicating that it serves as an important medium to convert C2F6 into CO2. The energy requirement for the C2F6 destruction was in the range of 8.2–45.3 MJ/g, depending on the initial concentration.

关键词： Hexafluoroethane (C2F6) Nonthermal plasma Gas composition Destruction mechanisms

Holomorphic Retractions of Bounded symmetric Domains onto Totally Geodesic Complex submanifolds

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,series B 2022年第6期43卷 1125-1142页

作者： Ngaiming mok Department of Mathematics The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong Kong

Given a bounded symmetric domain Ω the author considers the geometry of its totally geodesic complex submanifolds s■Ω.In terms of the Harish-Chandra realization Ω and taking s to pass through the origin 0∈Ω,so that s=E∩Ω for some complex vector subspace of C^(n),the author shows that the orthogonal projectionρ:Ω→E maps Ω onto s,and deduces that s■Ω is a holomorphic isometry with respect to the Caratheodory *** first theorem gives a new derivation of a result of yeung’s deduced from the classification theory by satake and Ihara in the special case of totally geodesic complex submanifolds of rank 1 and of complex dimension≥2 in the siegel upper half plane Hg,a result which was crucial for proving the nonexistence of totally geodesic complex sub or bifolds of dimension≥2 on the open Torelli locus of the siegel modular variety Ag by the same *** proof relies on the characterization of totally geodesic submanifolds of Riemannian symmetric spaces in terms of Lie triple systems and a variant of the Hermann Convexity Theorem giving a new characterization of the Harish-Chandra realization in terms of bisectional curvatures.

关键词： Bounded symmetric domain Harish-Chandra embedding Holomorphic retraction Totally geodesy