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Experimental and Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Phenomena Induced by Submerged Oblique Jet Scouring

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第8期20卷 1799-1821页

作者： Hao Chen Xianbin Teng Faxin zhu Zhibin Zhang Jie Wang School of Naval Architecture and Maritime Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan316022China School of Marine Engineering Guangzhou Maritime UniversityGuangzhou510725China

Scouring experiments were conducted using a three-dimensional laser scanning technology for angles of the jet spanning the interval from 0°to 30°,and the characteristics of the scour hole in equilibrium conditions were investigated *** results indicate that the optimal scouring effects occur when the jet angle is in the ranges between 15°and 20°.Moreover,the dimensionless profiles of the scour hole exhibit a high degree of similarity at different jet *** simulations conducted using the Flow-3D software to investigate the bed shear stress along the jet impingement surface have shown that this stress is influenced by both the resultant force and the jet impingement surface *** reaches its maximum value when the jet is vertical,decreases rapidly as the jet starts to tilt,then increases slightly,and decreases again significantly when the angle exceeds 20°.

关键词： Submerged jet jet angle experimental study numerical simulation bed shear stress

Deformation of Rigid Conjugate Self-dual Galois Representations

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第7期40卷 1599-1644页

作者： yi Feng LIU yi Chao TIAN Liang XIAO Wei ZHANG Xin Wen zhu Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China Morningside Center of Mathematics AMSSChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190P.R.China New Cornerstone Lab Beijing International Center for Mathematical ResearchPeking Ui Beijing 100871P.R.China Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge MA 02139United States Department of Mathematics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States

In this article,we study deformations of conjugate self-dual Galois *** study is ***,we prove an R=T type theorem for a conjugate self-dual Galois representation with coefficients in a finite field,satisfying a certain property called ***,we study the rigidity property for the family of residue Galois representations attached to a symmetric power of an elliptic curve,as well as to a regular algebraic conjugate self-dual cuspidal representation.

关键词： Galois deformation rigid conjugate self-dual Galois representations

Defect-modulated and heteroatom-functionalized Ti_(3−x)C_(2)T_(y)MXene 3D nanocavities induce growth of MoSe_(2)nanoflakes toward electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in all pH electrolytes

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6294-6304页

作者： Ming Du Xianzhi yang Jian Zhang Wei Chen Huajie Huang Xinbao zhu Xing’ao Li State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials(SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NJUPT)Nanjing 210023China College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NJUPT) Nanjing 210023China New Energy Technology Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province College of ScienceNanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NJUPT)Nanjing 210023China College of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering Taizhou UniversityJiaojiang 318000China College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Reducing kinetic energy barriers and developing accessible active sites are critical to deliver high hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)*** this paper,we synthesized defect-modulated and heteroatom(boron)-functionalized three-dimensional(3D)bowl-shaped Ti_(3−x)C_(2)T_(y)MXene(B-TCT)nanocavities coupled with the vertical growth of MoSe_(2)*** B-TCT@MoSe_(2)nanohybrids catalyst delivers the overpotentials of 49.9,52.7,and 67.8 mV to reach a HER current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2)under acidic,alkaline,and neutral conditions,*** outstanding HER activity is predominantly attributed to the heteroatom functionalization,self-adapting Ti vacancy(VTi)defect modulation,and spatial configuration design in the 3D B-TCT nanocavity,which synergistically regulate the electronic structure,activate the basal plane/edge unsaturated sites,and reduce the reaction energy *** and theoretical calculations demonstrate that strong heterogeneous interfacial bonding interactions between B-TCT and MoSe_(2)can dramatically reduce the free energy of hydrogen adsorption and facilitate efficient interfacial charge migration,thus essentially improving the HER *** used this 3D porous nanohybrid system assembled by defectrich lamellar structures to elucidate the advantageous synergistic effects of multiple mechanisms among defect structure,heteroatom functionalization,and interfacial coupling,which provided important insights for the development of efficient hybridtype catalysts.

关键词： electrocatalytic H_(2)evolution three-dimensional(3D)MXene nanocavity MoSe_(2)nanoflake self-adapting Ti vacancy defect heteroatom-functionalized interfacial interaction

Learning to bag with a simulation‐free reinforcement learning framework for robots

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2024年第2期6卷 52-66页

作者： Francisco Munguia-Galeano Jihong zhu Juan David Hernández Ze Ji Cooper Group University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK School of Physics Engineering and Technology University of YorkYorkUK School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK School of Engineering Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK

Bagging is an essential skill that humans perform in their daily ***,deformable objects,such as bags,are complex for robots to manipulate.A learning-based framework that enables robots to learn bagging is *** novelty of this framework is its ability to learn and perform bagging without relying on *** learning process is accomplished through a reinforcement learning(RL)algorithm introduced and designed to find the best grasping points of the bag based on a set of compact state *** framework utilises a set of primitive actions and represents the task in five *** our experiments,the framework reached 60% and 80% success rates after around 3 h of training in the real world when starting the bagging task from folded and unfolded states,***,the authors test the trained RL model with eight more bags of different sizes to evaluate its generalisability.

关键词： reinforcement learning robot learning robotics

Differential expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in the livers of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides under heat stress

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 594-608页

作者： Xuqian ZHAO Zijie LIN Caijuan LI Hao zhu Lingling LI Wenjia MAO Qufei LING School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215000China

Global warming threatens freshwater ecosystems and compromises fish *** elucidate the role of miRNAs in the livers of heat stressed largemouth bass,juvenile fish was subject to heat stress under 37°*** mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq were conducted on the liver tissues under control and heat stress *** gene expression analysis and enrichment analysis were performed on mRNA and miRNA expression profiles.A total of 406 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were discovered,of which 212 were up-regulated and 194 were *** of the DEGs were significantly implicated in the regulation of“protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum”,“proteasome”,“steroid biosynthesis”,and“ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor activity”*** addition,47 differentially expressed miRNAs(DEMs)were identified in largemouth bass livers under heat stress,including 21 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated miRNAs.A negatively regulated miRNA-mRNA network including 12 miRNAs and 19 mRNAs was constructed with DEMs involved in“protein degradation”,“calcium ion regulation”,“cell apoptosis”,and“lipid metabolism”.Moreover,this study indicated novel-miR-144 activated the IRE1 signaling pathway by targeting txndc5 to induce liver apoptosis in largemouth bass under heat *** study revealed the involvement of miRNA regulation in largemouth bass in response to heat stress.

关键词： heat stress largemouth bass miRNA-mRNA interaction

Sialyltransferase ST3GAL6 silencing reduces α2,3-sialylated glycans to regulate autophagy by decreasing HSPB8-BAG3 in the brain with hepatic encephalopathy

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第6期25卷 485-498页

作者： Xiaocheng LI yaqing XIAO Pengfei LI yayun zhu yonghong GUO Huijie BIAN Zheng LI Laboratory for Functional Glycomics College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032China Medical Experiment Center Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyang 712046China The Infectious Disease Department Gongli HospitalPudong New AreaShanghai 200135China

End-stage liver diseases,such as cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by hepatitis B,are often combined with hepatic encephalopathy(HE);ammonia poisoning is posited as one of its main pathogenesis *** is closely related to autophagy,but the molecular mechanism of ammonia’s regulatory effect on autophagy in HE remains *** is an essential form of *** the nervous system,abnormal sialylation affects various physiological processes,such as neural development and synapse ***3 β-galactoside α2,3-sialyltransferase 6(ST3GAL6)is one of the significant glycosyltransferases responsible for addingα2,3-linked sialic acid to substrates and generating glycan *** found that the expression of ST3GAL6 was upregulated in the brains of mice with HE and in astrocytes after ammonia induction,and the expression levels of α2,3-sialylated glycans and autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3)and Beclin-1 were upregulated in ammonia-induced *** findings suggest that ST3GAL6 is related to autophagy in ***,we aimed to determine the regulatory relationship between ST3GAL6 and *** found that silencing ST3GAL6 and blocking or degrading α2,3-sialylated glycans by way of Maackia amurensis lectin-II(MAL-II)and neuraminidase can inhibit *** addition,silencing the expression of ST3GAL6 can downregulate the expression of heat shock proteinβ8(HSPB8)and Bcl2-associated athanogene 3(BAG3).Notably,the overexpression of HSPB8 partially restored the reduced autophagy levels caused by silencing ST3GAL6 *** results indicate that ST3GAL6 regulates autophagy through the HSPB8-BAG3 complex.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Hyperammonemia Autophagy ST3β-galactosideα2,3-sialyltransferase 6(ST3GAL6) Heat shock proteinβ8(HSPB8)

Mapping upland crop–rice cropping systems for targeted sustainable intensification in South China

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 614-629页

作者： Bingwen Qiu Linhai yu Peng yang Wenbin Wu Jianfeng Chen Xiaolin zhu Mingjie Duan Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining&Information Sharing of Ministry of Education Academy of Digital China(Fujian)Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116FujianChina Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081China Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon 999077Hong KongChina

Upland crop-rice cropping systems(UCR)facilitate sustainable agricultural *** UCR cultivation mapping is needed to ensure food security,sustainable water management,and rural ***,datasets describing cropping systems are limited in spatial coverage and crop *** UCR is more challenging than crop identification and most existing approaches rely heavily on accurate phenology calendars and representative training samples,which limits its applications over large *** describe a novel algorithm(RRSS)for automatic mapping of upland crop-rice cropping systems using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument(MSI)*** indicator,the VV backscatter range,was proposed to discriminate UCR and another two indicators were designed by coupling greenness and pigment indices to further discriminate tobacco or oilseed *** RRSS algorithm was applied to South China characterized by complex smallholder rice cropping systems and diverse topographic *** study developed 10-m UCR maps of a major rice bowl in South China,the Xiang-Gan-Min(XGM)*** performance of the RRSS algorithm was validated based on 5197 ground-truth reference sites,with an overall accuracy of 91.92%.There were7348 km^(2) areas of UCR,roughly one-half of them located in *** UCR was represented mainly by oilseed-UCR and tobacco-UCR,which contributed respectively 69%and 15%of UCR *** patterns accounted for only one-tenth of rice production,which can be tripled by intensification from single rice *** to complex and fragmented subtropical regions suggested the spatiotemporal robustness of the RRSS algorithm,which could be further applied to generate 10-m UCR datasets for application at national or global scales.

关键词： Cropping-pattern mapping Paddy rice Sentinel-1/2 China Sustainable intensification

Carbon uptake by cement in China:Estimation and contribution to carbon neutrality goals

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 2056-2067页

作者： Mingjing MA Zi HUANG Jiaoyue WANG Le NIU Wenfeng ZHANG Xiaowei XU Fengming XI zhu LIU Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxfordOX13UK

Cement is a widely used construction material *** manufacturing contributes to anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions ***,its alkaline compounds can absorb CO_(2)from the surrounding environment and engage in a carbonation reaction,thereby functioning as a carbon *** a major cement producer and consumer,China has an important responsibility to rigorously investigate and accurately account for cement carbon *** study presents a comprehensive analytical model of cement carbon uptake from China,revealing a substantial increase in carbon uptake from 1930 to 2021,peaking at 426.77 Mt CO_(2)(95% Confidence Interval:317.67-874.33 Mt CO_(2))in *** uptake accounts for 8.10% to 45.40% of China’s annual land sink and 2.51% to 4.54% of the global land *** cumulative carbon uptake by cement is approximately 7.06 Gt CO_(2)(95%CI:5.22–9.44 Gt CO_(2))during this period,offsetting 50.7% of the total emissions(13.91 Gt CO_(2),95%CI:12.44–17.00 Gt CO_(2))from the cement ***,cement mortar contributed to most absorption(65.64%).From a life cycle perspective,the service stage of cement materials is the period where the largest CO_(2)sink is formed,accounting for 90.03% of the ***,the potential for carbon sequestration in cement materials and their waste is ***,the model improves the accuracy of cement carbon accounting,supporting both China and global carbon neutrality ***,it is crucial for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goals sooner by prioritizing the environmental benefits of cement materials and wastes,and accelerating the development and commercialization of CO_(2)sequestration technologies for cement and its by-products.

关键词： Cement Carbon uptake Life cycle assessment Carbon emission reduction Carbon neutrality

Understanding the role of manganese oxides in retaining harmful metals: Insights into oxidation and adsorption mechanisms at microstructure level

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第1期3卷 89-106页

作者： Feng Li Hui yin Tianqiang zhu Wen zhuang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityQingdaoShandong 266237China Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of yangtse River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Resources and EnvironmentHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237China Institute of Eco-environmental Forensics Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

The increasing intensity of human activities has led to a critical environmental challenge:widespread metal ***(Mn)oxides have emerged as potentially natural scavengers that perform crucial functions in the biogeochemical cycling of metal *** reviews have focused on the synthesis,characterization,and adsorption kinetics of Mn oxides,along with the transformation pathways of specific layered Mn *** review conducts a meticulous investigation of the molecular-level adsorption and oxidation mechanisms of Mn oxides on hazardous metals,including adsorption patterns,coordination,adsorption sites,and redox *** also provide a comprehensive discussion of both internal factors(surface area,crystallinity,octahedral vacancy content in Mn oxides,and reactant concentration)and external factors(pH,presence of doped or preadsorbed metal ions)affecting the adsorption/oxidation of metals by Mn ***,we identify existing gaps in understanding these mechanisms and suggest avenues for future *** goal is to enhance knowledge of Mn oxides'regulatory roles in metal element translocation and transformation at the microstructure level,offering a framework for developing effective metal adsorbents and pollution control strategies.

关键词： Manganese oxides Harmful metals Adsorption Redox Environment