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Mechanisms of remaining oil formation by water flooding and enhanced oil recovery by reversing water injection in fractured-vuggy reservoirs

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第5期49卷 1110-1125页

作者： WANG jing QI Xiangsheng liu Huiqing yANG Min LI Xiaobo liu Hongguang ZHANG Tuozheng State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Northwest Oilfield CompanySinopecUrumqi 830011China

To get a deeper understanding on the formation mechanisms and distribution laws of remaining oil during water flooding, and enhanced oil recovery(EOR) mechanisms by reversing water injection after water flooding, 3D visualization models of fractured-vuggy reservoir were constructed based on the elements and configuration of fractures and vugs, and typical fracture-vug structures by using advanced CT scanning and 3D printing technologies. Then, water flooding and reversing water injection experiments were conducted. The formation mechanisms of remaining oil during water flooding include inadequate injection-production well control, gravity difference between oil and water, interference between different flow channels, isolation by low connectivity channel, weak hydrodynamic force at the far end. Under the above effects, 7 kinds of remaining oil may come about, imperfect well-control oil, blind side oil, attic oil at the reservoir top, by-pass residual oil under gravity, by-pass residual oil in secondary channel, isolated oil in low connectivity channel, and remaining oil at far and weakly connected end. Some remaining oil can be recovered by reversing water injection after water flooding, but its EOR is related to the remaining oil type, fracture-cavity structure and reversing injection-production structure. Five of the above seven kinds of remaining oil can be produced by six EOR mechanisms of reversing water injection: gravity displacement, opening new flow channel, rising the outflow point, hydrodynamic force enhancement, vertically equilibrium displacement, and synergistic effect of hydrodynamic force and gravity.

关键词： fractured-vuggy reservoir water flooding remaining oil reversing water injection stimulation mechanism enhanced oil recovery 3D printing

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Single-shot non-line-of-sight imaging based on chromato-axial differential correlography

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 106-114页

作者： LINGFENG liu SHUO ZHU WENJUN ZHANG LIANFA BAI ENLAI GUO jing HAN Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sense Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Non-line-of-sight(NLOS)imaging is a challenging task aimed at reconstructing objects outside the direct view of the ***,traditional NLOS imaging methods typically rely on intricate and costly equipment to scan and sample the hidden *** methods often suffer from restricted imaging resolution and require high system ***,we propose a single-shot high-resolution NLOS imaging method via chromato-axial differential correlography,which adopts low-cost continuous-wave lasers and a conventional *** leveraging the uncorrelated laser speckle patterns along the chromato-axis,this method can reconstruct hidden objects of diverse complexity using only one exposure *** achieved background stability through singleshot acquisition,along with the inherent information redundancy in the chromato-axial differential speckles,enhances the robustness of the system against vibration and colored stain *** approach overcomes the limitations of conventional methods by simplifying the sampling process,improving system stability,and achieving enhanced imaging resolution using available *** work serves as a valuable reference for the real-time development and practical implementation of NLOS imaging.

关键词： axial speckle overcome

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Enhancement of Ti-Cr-V BCC alloys on the dehydrogenation kinetics of Li-Mg-N-H hydrogen storage materials

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Rare Metals 2010年第6期29卷 621-624页

作者： WANG jingchuan,LI Zhinian,LI Hualing,MI jing,Lü Fang,WANG Shumao,liu Xiaopeng,and JIANG Lijun General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing China

The hydrogen storage properties of a Li-Mg-N-H material doped by a 4 mol.% Ti3Cr3V4 body centre cubic（BCC） alloy hydride and prepared with a ball-milling method were investigated by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and Sievert＇s technology *** results show that the Ti3Cr3V4 BCC alloy hydride/Li-Mg-N-H composite has good reversible hydrogen storage *** dehydrogenation kinetics of the Li-Mg-N-H system can be greatly improved by doping the Ti3Cr3V4 BCC alloy *** composite desorbed 4.1 wt.% hydrogen in the first 60 min at 473 K under 0.1 MPa pressure,but when without the BCC alloy addition,only 3.0 wt.% hydrogen was desorbed under the same dehydrogenation *** can be deduced that the Ti3Cr3V4 BCC alloy uniformly distributed in the Li-Mg-N-H substrate could decrease the activating energy of hydrogen molecules to H atoms and increase H diffusion paths in the composite,enhancing the dehydrogenation kinetics of the Li-Mg-N-H system.

关键词： hydrogen storage alloys hydrogen storage hydrides dehydrogenation

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SST二方程湍流模型在高超声速绕流中的可压缩修正

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宇航学报 2012年第12期33卷 1719-1726页

作者：刘景源南昌航空大学飞行器工程学院南昌330063

为模拟高速可压缩湍流问题,对剪应力输运(SST)湍流模型进行了可压缩修正。数值格式采用改进的总变差减小(TVD)格式,并对湍流模型的负值强制项进行了隠式处理。在此基础上计算了绕平板以及基本无分离和具有分离流动结构的压缩拐角的高超... 详细信息

为模拟高速可压缩湍流问题,对剪应力输运(SST)湍流模型进行了可压缩修正。数值格式采用改进的总变差减小(TVD)格式,并对湍流模型的负值强制项进行了隠式处理。在此基础上计算了绕平板以及基本无分离和具有分离流动结构的压缩拐角的高超声速流动。计算结果和实验数据及半经验公式的对比表明:SST湍流模型的可压缩影响项为密度加权脉动速度的平均与压力梯度的标量乘积。经可压缩修正后的SST湍流模型与原模型及其它可压缩修正模型相比,所计算的壁面压力、摩擦阻力和壁面热流分布具有更高的精度。

关键词：湍流模型数值模拟高超声速可压缩性热流

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Flavivirus RNA cap methyltransferase:structure,function,and inhibition

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Frontiers in Biology 2010年第4期5卷 286-303页

作者： Lihui liu Hongping DONG Hui CHEN jing ZHANG Hua LING Zhong LI Pei-yong SHI Hongmin LI Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health120 New Scotland AveAlbanyNY 12208USA Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases 10 Biopolis RoadSingapore 138670 Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Public HealthState University of New YorkAlbanyNew York 12201-0509USA

Many flaviviruses are significant human *** plus-strand RNA genome of a flavivirus contains a 5′terminal cap 1 structure(m7GpppAmG).The flavivirus encodes one methyltransferase(MTase),located at the Nterminal portion of the NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp).Here we review recent advances in our understanding of flaviviral capping machinery and the implications for drug *** NS5 MTase catalyzes both guanine N7 and ribose 2'-OH methylations during viral cap *** flavivirus MTases,from dengue,yellow fever,and West Nile virus(WNV),sequentially generate GpppA!m7GpppA!*** the existence of two distinct methylation activities,the crystal structures of flavivirus MTases showed a single binding site for S-adenosyl-L-methionine(SAM),the methyl *** finding indicates that the substrate GpppA-RNA must be repositioned to accept the N7 and 2'-O methyl groups from SAM during the sequential *** studies demonstrated that distinct RNA elements are required for the methylations of guanine N7 on the cap and of ribose 2'-OH on the first transcribed *** enzymes with different methylation defects can trans complement one another in vitro,demonstrating that separate molecules of the enzyme can independently catalyze the two cap methylations in *** the context of the infectious virus,defects in both methylations,or a defect in the N7 methylation alone,are lethal to ***,viruses defective solely in 2'-O methylation are attenuated and can protect mice from later wild-typeWNV *** results demonstrate that the N7 methylation activity is essential for the WNV life cycle and,thus,methyltransferase represents a novel and promising target for flavivirus therapy.

关键词： Flavivirus NS5 RNA cap methylation methyltransferase structure and function inhibitor

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Molecular dissection of plant height QTLs using recombinant inbred lines from hybrids between common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第18期56卷 1897-1903页

作者： liu Gang XU ShengBao NI ZhongFu XIE ChaoJie QIN DanDan LI jing LU LaHu ZHANG JinPing PENG HuiRu SUN QiXin State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research and Utilization of Minixtry of Education China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China

In wheat, plant height is an important agronomic trait, and a number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling plant height have been located. In this study, using the conditional and unconditional QTL mapping methods, combined with data from five different growth stages over two years of field trials, the developmental behavior for plant height in wheat was dissected. Nine unconditional QTLs and 8 conditional QTLs were identified, of which 6 were detected by both methods. None of the 11 QTLs was detected at all of the 5 investigated developmental stages, but 7 QTLs were detected at certain stages in both years. Further analysis identified 9 unconditional QTLs at different stages, which could explain the phenotypic variation from 4.81% to 17.35%. It was noteworthy that one major QTL designated QHt-4B-2, which was located on chromosome 4B, was detected on May 18 and 25 in both years, and its genetic contributions to plant height ranged from 13.42% to 16.13%. Moreover, of the 8 conditional QTLs identified, six were detected in both years, in the order of QHt-3B→QHt-4B-1→QHt-4B-2→QHt-4D→QHt-5A and QHt-2B expressed at the same developmental stage. The results indicate that QTL expression during plant height development is selective and in a temporal order.

关键词： QTL检测小麦株高普通小麦重组自交系拼写分子杂交数量性状位点

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p185蛋白及其抗体的研究进展

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生物化学与生物物理进展 1999年第4期26卷 347-349页

作者：王琛刘兢中国科学技术大学生命科学学院合肥230027

描述了ｐ１８５在信号转导过程中的功能，讨论了抗ｐ１８５抗体的蛋白质工程及它们在肿瘤治疗中的应用．

关键词：信号转导预后肿瘤治疗 p185蛋白抗体

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Immunohistochemical　detection　of　proliferating　cell　nuclear　antigen　in　hepatocellular　carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1997年第2期3卷 44-46页

作者： WANG Dong 1, SHI jing Quan 2 and liu Feng Xuan 3

AIM To investigate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and its correlation with histological grade, mitotic count and metastasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS PCNA expression was detected immunohistochemically by using monoclonal antibody PC10 in 80 cases of HCC. PCNA labeling index (LI) was assessed by counting the positive staining nuclei per 500 cells. RESULTS PCNA LI ranged from 1 8% to 91 4% (mean=33 9%) in the cancerous tissues, and was significantly related to the tumor size, histological grade, mitotic count, as well as the metastasis of HCC. CONCLUSION Proliferative activity in HCC, as defined by PCNA immunohistochemical analysis, is significantly related to tumor invasiveness. It is also of potentially prognostic value in patients with this tumor.

关键词： liver neoplasms carcinoma, hepatocellular immunohistochemistry antigens, neoplasm

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High-Pressure Sound Velocity of Perovskite-Enstatite and Possible Composition of Earth5s Lower Mantle

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Chinese Physics Letters 1999年第9期16卷 695-697页

作者： GONG Zi-zheng XIE Hong-sen liu yong-gang HUO Hui jing Fu-qian GUO Jie XU Ji-an Material Laboratory of the Earths Interior Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550002 Laboratory for Shock Waves and Detonation Physics Research Southwest Institute of Fluid PhysicsChengdu 610003 nstitute of Geosciences Academia SinicaTaipei 11529

The compressional sound velocity vp for enstitate of polycrystalline specimens was measured at pressures from 40 to 140 GPa by using the optical analyzer techniques under shock loading. The dependence of vp (in units of km/s) on Hugoniot pressure p (in units of GPa) can be described by: vp = 3.079 - 0.691 lnp + 0.0941n2p. The vp satisfies Birch's law: vp = 6.213 + 1.212 ρ, where ρ is corresponding density, indicating that enstatite is stable throughout the conditions of the lower mantle. Here P wave velocity is 0.5% lower and S wave velocity is 2% higher than those of preliminary reference earth model, respectively. It is concluded that the lower mantle is mainly composed of perovskite-(Mg1-x,Fex)SiO3 and only small amount of (Mg1-x,Fex)O is allowed in it.

关键词： Velocity Earth Lower

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Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Measurements of Ambient NO3 and N2O5

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2020年第1期33卷 1-7页

作者： Hao Wu Jian Chen An-wen liu Shui-ming Hu jing-song Zhang Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Chemical Physics School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Chemistry and Air Pollution Research Center University of CaliforniaRiverside California 92521USA

NO3 and N2O5 are important participants in nocturnal atmospheric chemical processes,and their concentrations are of great significance in the study of the mechanism of nocturnal atmospheric chemical reactions.A two-channel diode laser based cavity ring-down spectroscopy(CRDS)instrument was developed to monitor the concentrations of NO3 and N2O5 in the *** effective absorption length ratio and the total loss coefficient of the instrument were calibrated using laboratory standard *** effective absorption cross section of NO3 at 662 nm was derived.A detection sensitivity of 1.1 pptv NO3 in air was obtained at a time resolution of 1 s.N2O5 was converted to NO3 and detected online in the second CRDS *** instrument was used to monitor the concentrations of NO3 and N2O5 in the atmosphere of winter in Hefei in real *** comparing the concentration changes of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides,ozone,PM2:5 in a rapid air cleaning process,the factors affecting the concentrations of NO3 and N2O5 in the atmosphere were discussed.

关键词： Cavity ring-down spectroscopy Nitrate radical Dinitrogen pentoxide Field measurement

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