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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase b pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase b(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κb serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the GAbA_b-GIRK assembly

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： Rafael Lujan Alejandro Martín-belmonte Sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative neurobiology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (Schirinzi et al.,2020).Syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede synapse loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly associated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

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Estimation of radiative capture^(13)b(n,γ0+1)^(14)b reaction rate in the modified potential cluster model

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Chinese Physics C 2023年第10期47卷 130-142页

作者： A.S.Tkachenko n.A.burkova b.M.yeleusheva S.b.Dubovichenko Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute 050020AlmatyKazakhstan al-Farabi Kazakh national University 050040AlmatyKazakhstan

We discuss current attempts to employ the modified potential cluster model to describe the available experimental data on the^(13)b(n,γ0+1)^(14)b total *** estimated results of the M1 and E1 transitions from the n^(13)b scattering states to the ground and first excited states of^(14)b are *** 1st resonance at Ex=1.275 MeV(1+)is revealed in both the cross-section and reaction *** the variation in the asymptotic constant,a thermal cross-section interval of 5.1-8.9 mb is *** on the theoretical total cross-sections at energies of 0.01 eV to 5 MeV,we calculate the reaction rate in the temperature range of 0.01 to *** ignition T9 values of the^(13)b(n,γ0+1)^(14)b reaction depending on a neutron number density n_(n)of~10^(22)cm^(−3)are *** radiative neutron capture reaction rates on the boron^(10-13)b and carbon^(12-14)Сisotopes are compared.

关键词： radiative neutron capture ^(14)b nucleus total cross-sections reaction rate potential cluster model r-process

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Structural and mass transport properties of liquid ytterbium in the temperature range 1123 K–1473 K

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Chinese Physics b 2023年第6期32卷 481-488页

作者： D D Satikunvar n K bhatt b y Thakore Department of Physics Sardar Patel UniversityVallabh VidyanagarGujarat 388120India Department of Physics Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar UniversityBhavnagarGujarat 364001India

We have studied the structural and atomic transport properties of liquid f-shell yb in the temperature range 1123 K–1473 K. Pair interactions between atoms are derived using a local pseudopotential. The potential parameters are fitted to the phonon dispersion curve at room temperature. The local pseudopotential used in the present study is computationally more efficient with only three parameters, and it is found to be transferable to the liquid phase without changing the *** the various computed properties agree with reported theoretical and experimental findings, the adopted fitting scheme is justified. As a significant outcome of the study, we find that(i) the melting in yb is governed by the Lindemann's law,(ii)the mass transport mechanism obeys the Arrhenius law,(iii) the role of the three-particle correlation function in deriving the velocity autocorrelation function is small,(iv) the mean-square atomic displacement is more sensitive to the choice of interaction potential than the other bulk properties, and(v) liquid yb does not show liquid–liquid phase transition within the studied temperature range. Further, due to the good description of the structural and mass transport properties, we propose that yb remains divalent at reduced density.

关键词： transport properties pseudopotential single-particle dynamics ytterbium

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nano-Enhanced Dairy Scum biodiesel blends:Unleashing the Power of Aluminium Oxide for Sustainable and Efficient Engine Performance

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期 283-302页

作者： Veeranna MODI Prasad b.RAMPURE Sunil Kumar SHETTy Madeva nAGARAL Channa Keshava nAIK n Johar MGM Muhammad Irsyad AbDULLAH Abdullah I.AL-MAnSOUR Shamshad ALAM KLE College of Engineering and Technology ChikodiVisvesvaraya Technological University nitte (Deemed to be University) NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT)Department of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft Research and Design Centre HAL Department of Mechanical Engineering BGS College of Engineering and TechnologyBengaluruAffiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Management and Science University Department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud University

This study investigates the effect of aluminium oxide nanoparticlesaddition to biodiesel blends made from dairy milk scum on performance and combustion characteristics of the diesel *** dispersion of Al2O3nanoparticles in b20 blends at different concentrations was done with the help of *** number of blends were prepared for the *** Machine learning algorithms(Random Forest（RF）and Catboost) was used for the *** results show that in comparison to biodiesel blends without nanoparticles,the kinematic viscosity and density is higher for fuel blends with *** these Fuel blends have higher calorific *** blends exhibited reduced brake Specific Fuel Consumption（bSFC） of2.85% than the blends without nano particles(Dairy Scum Methyl Ester biodiesel 20%+neat Diesel 80%（in volume）,DSMEb20),57.14% less CO,40.8% less hydrocarbon,and increased nOxemissions compared to conventional diesel,contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and renewable biofuel blends with *** b20nP30 is the optimal blend for performance and emission *** study concludes with findings on enhanced brake Thermal Efficiency（bTE） of 26.29% in 3×10-5（in volume） Al2O3nanoparticle-blended DSME b20 and other DSME b20 fuel blends,emphasizing the importance of optimal nanoparticle *** correlation matrix shows how engine load,efficiency measures（bTE,bSFC）,and emissions（CO,CO2,nOx,Smoke） are connected in complex *** results help us understand the complicated dynamics of engine performance and emission characteristics ***'s diagram for bTE and bSFC shows that Catboost-based bTE models perform superior to RF-based models during the training as well as testing *** results were obtained for CO and CO2emission results.

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High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of T6-Treated b4Cp/6061Al Composite

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2020年第1期33卷 67-74页

作者： y.Z.Li y.n.Zan Q.Z.Wang b.L.Xiao Z.y.Ma Key Laboratory of nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China Shenyang national Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China University of Science and Technology of China Shenyang 110016China

T6-treated 20 wt% b4 Cp/6061 Al sheets were joined under welding speeds of 400–1200 mm/min by friction stir welding(FSW) with a threaded cermet pin. The macro-defect-free FSW joints could be achieved at high welding speeds up to 1200 mm/min, but larger plunge depth was required at the welding speeds of 800 and 1200 mm/min to eliminate the tunnel defect. In the nugget zone(nZ) of the joints, the b4 C particles were broken up and uniformly redistributed. The nZ exhibited lower hardness than the base metal(bM), and the hardness value almost did not change with increasing welding speed, attributable to the dissolution of precipitates. Compared with the bM, the joints showed lower tensile strength. As the welding speed increased from 400 to 800 mm/min, the joint efficiencies were nearly the same and up to ~ 73%. When the welding speed increased up to 1200 mm/min, the tensile strength significantly decreased, due to the occurrence of kissing bond defect at the bottom of the nZ. With increasing welding speed, the fracture location of the joints transferred gradually from the heat-affected zone to the nZ due to the kissing bond defects.

关键词： Metal-matrix composites Microstructures Mechanical properties Friction stir welding High-speed welding

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Effect of Al_(2)O_(3)on the Mechanical Properties of(b_(4)C+Al_(2)O_(3))/Al neutron Absorbing Materials

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第8期37卷 1411-1420页

作者： J.X.Cai b.M.Shi n.Li y.Liu Z.G.Zhang y.n.Zan Q.Z.Wang b.L.Xiao Z.y.Ma Shi‑Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Key Laboratory of nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China nuclear Equipment Division Beijing Institute of Nuclear EngineeringChina Nuclear Power Engineering Co.Ltd.Beijing 100840China Department of Materials Science School of Mechanical EngineeringShenyang UniversityShenyang 110044China

b_(4)C/Al composites are widely utilized as neutron absorbing materials for the storage and transportation of spent nuclear *** order to improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of b_(4)C/Al composites,in-situ nano-Al_(2)O_(3)was introduced utilizing oxide on Al powder *** this study,the Al_(2)O_(3)content was adjusted by utilizing spheroid Al powder with varying diameters,thereby investigating the impact of Al_(2)O_(3)content on the tensile properties of(b_(4)C+Al_(2)O_(3))/Al *** was found that the pinning effect of Al_(2)O_(3)on the grain boundaries could hinder the recovery of dislocations and lead to dislocation accumulation at high *** the result,with the increase in Al_(2)O_(3)content and the decrease in grain size,the high-temperature strength of the composites increased *** finest Al powder used in this investigation had a diameter of 1.4μm,whereas the resultant composite exhibited a maximum strength of 251 MPa at room temperature and 133 MPa at 350℃,surpassing that of traditional b_(4)C/Al composites.

关键词： Al matrix composites neutron absorbing materials (b_(4)C+Al_(2)O_(3))/Al composites High-temperature strength

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia nürnberger barbara Schaedl James Ferguson nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tnGCs). However, the use of tnGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tnGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tnGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tnGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tnGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tnGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tnGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tnGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tnGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Modelling of sediment movement in the surf and swash zones

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第2期34卷 137-142页

作者： TOKPOHOZIn n.b. KOUnOUHEWA b. AVOSSEVOU G.y.H. HOUEKPOHEHAM A. AWAnOU C.n. Institut de Mathématiques et de Sciences Physiques (IMSP/UAC) Centre béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CbRST) Laboratoire de Physique du Rayonnement (LPR/FAST-UAC)

Under the action of marine currents,non-cohesive sediments evolve by bed-load,by saltation or suspension depending on their *** authors have considered that the movement of sediment is bidimensional and modelized the effects of swell by a constant velocitynear the *** we have studied the velocity profile of fluctuating currents near the seabed and studied the movement of sediment in *** results show that in the areas of study（surf and swash）the movement of sediment occurs in a volume,and the evolution of sediment varies from an areato *** obtained theoretical profiles of the position and velocity vectors confirm the observations of several authors.

关键词： non-cohesive sediments sediment dynamics swell trajectory of sediment velocity drive

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Absorption of laser radiation in ultracold plasma

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Chinese Physics b 2016年第10期25卷 128-131页

作者： n y Shaparev Institute of Computational Modeling Russian Academy of Sciences national Research Tomsk State University

In this paper, we analyze the spectral behavior(optical thickness, shape and linewidth) of laser radiation absorption under the correlation heating of ions in an ultracold plasma. The Voigt formula is used to find the absorption *** spectral line width is shown to grow with time while the optical thickness reduces. Our modeling results are in good agreement with the experimental findings reported in the literature.

关键词： absorption laser radiation ultracold plasma

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