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The Role of TNF Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2005年第2期2卷 113-122页

作者： y.Huang N.Erdmann H.Peng y.zhao ThelaboratoryofNeurotoxicologyattheCenterforNeurovirology＆NeurodegenerativeDisorders ／／Dept.Pharmacology Dept.ofSurgery UniversityofNebraskaMedicalCenterOmahaNE68198-5880USA／／InstituteofAnimalResearchChineseAcademyofScienceChina

A hallmark of all forms of neurodegenerative diseases is impairment of neuronal functions,and in many cases neuronal cell *** the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases may be distinct,different diseases display a similar pathogenesis,for example abnormal immunity within the central nervous system(CNS),activation of macrophage/microglia and the involvement of proinflammatory *** studies show that neurons in a neurodegenerative state undergo a highly regulated programmed cell death,also called ***-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL),a member of the TNF family,has been shown to be involved in apoptosis during many *** one member of a death ligand family,TRAIL was originally thought to target only tumor cells and was not present in ***,recent data showed that TRAIL was unregulated in HIV-1-infected and immune-activated macrophages,a major disease inducing cell during HIV-1-assoeiated dementia(HAD).TRAIL is also induced on neuron by β-amyloid protein,an important pathogen for Alzheimer's *** this review,we summarize the possible common aspects that TRAIL involved those neurodegenerative diseases,TRAIL induced apoptosis signaling in the CNS cells,and specific role of TRAIL in individual *** & Molecular Immunology.2005;2(2):113-122.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease HⅣ-1 associated dementia multiple sclerosis apoptosis TRAIL macrophage

In-situ measurement of the surface temperature during holographic recording

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Chinese Optics Letters 2008年第1期6卷 25-28页

作者： A.Draude R.Meinhardt H.Franke y.zhao R.A.Lessard Department of Physics/Applied Physics University of Duisburg-Essen Département de chimie Universitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébec COPL Département de physiquegénie physique et optiqueUniversité LavalQuébec

Photo-induced processes in organic materials mostly occur on molecular levels. Excited molecules may split to form radicals, starting a polymerization process with diffusing monomers. The azo-dyes perform an optically induced cis-trans isomerization. During pattern formation like a holographic grating, the local temperature increase, especially in thin films, is up to date a subject of estimation from absorption and dissipation data. However, the exact knowledge of the surface temperature would help a lot in understanding the resulting refractive index and thickness patterns during holographic exposure. In this paper, in-situ pyrometer measurements are presented. As examples, different photosensitive materials, varying from a photopolymer to polycrystalline azo dyes, are used in order to outline the magnitude of this effect and demonstrate the feasibility of this technique.

关键词： Holographic gratings Holographic recording Photosensitive materials Refractive index Surface measurements Thin films

A Special Kind of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第12期24卷 183-191页

作者： H.Q.Feng y.zhao G.Q.zhao H.B.Li L.Xiang J.M.Wang Institute of Space Physics Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471934China Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471934China

It is generally believed that coronal mass ejections(CMEs)have magnetic flux rope structures because of their helical ***,only about 30%–40%of interplanetary CMEs(ICMEs)have a local magnetic flux rope *** usual explanations are that the spacecraft only crossed the flank of the ropes and failed to detect the complete magnetic flux rope structure or that some processes destroyed these magnetic flux rope *** studies suggest that some ICMEs inherently possess disordered magnetic fields and consequently exhibit no magnetic flux-rope *** introduce a special kind of ICME which has a low magnetic field magnitude and stable magnetic field direction,relatively fast expansion speed,and lower proton temperature and *** three of the measured magnetic field components are relatively *** want to know whether these ICMEs also have magnetic flux rope structures or *** identified 20 special ICMEs and analyzed their evolution based on their observed *** took a special ICME as an example,which had an apparent rope configuration at 1 au but evolved to a special ICME at 5.4 au,to illustrate that this kind of ICME could come from magnetic clouds(MCs)whose rope structure had been being stretched due to *** inferred that the missing obvious flux rope structure may be due to the expansion of MCs,not the flank crossing ***,more than 50%of the events were associated with the dominant x-component of the magnetic field,which indicates a leg ***,the detection of part of these special ICMEs may also be the result of the leg-crossing effect.

关键词： Sun coronal mass ejections(CMEs)-(Sun) solar wind-interplanetary medium

Hesperomyces virescens(Fungi, Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales)attacking Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)in its native range

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第5期59卷 528-532页

作者： Haelewaters Danny Richard F.Comont Serena y.zhao Donald H.Pfister Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Maclean Building Kraus Natural Science Building University of Michigan

This study intended to find data on obligate ectoparasitic Laboulbeniales(Fungi,Ascomycota)on Chinese Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera,Coccinellidae).After having screened over four thousand dried specimens of *** and close relatives,we present the first(historical)record of Chinese *** infected with Hesperomyces *** suggest that *** is a historically globally distributed species and hypothesize that(native)infection was lost when *** was introduced in North America.

关键词：异色瓢虫瓢虫科子囊菌鞘翅目真菌夜蛾攻击干标本

An Efficient Parallel/Unstructured-Multigrid Implicit Method for Simulating 3D Fluid-Structure Interaction

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第7期4卷 350-377页

作者： X.Lv y.zhao X.y.Huang G.H.Xia X.H.Su School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798.

A finite volume(FV)method for simulating 3D Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI)is presented in this *** fluid flow is simulated using a parallel unstructured multigrid preconditioned implicit compressible solver,whist a 3D matrix-free implicit unstructured multigrid finite volume solver is employed for the structural *** two modules are then coupled using a so-called immersed membrane method(IMM).Large-Eddy Simulation(LES)is employed to predict *** from several moving boundary and FSI problems are presented to validate proposed methods and demonstrate their efficiency。

关键词： Finite volume method moving boundary fluid-structure interaction unstructured multigrid computational structural mechanics immersed membrane method large-Eddy simulation.

An explicit solution to a three-dimensional wedge problem considering two edges effect

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Friction 2020年第2期8卷 370-383页

作者： L.GUO Z.M.ZHANG W.WANG y.zhao P.L.WONG School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

The paper presents an explicit matrix algorithm to solve the problem of an elastic wedge with three loaded *** algorithm makes use of a recently published concept of transformation matrix,by which the original surface loads are converted to equivalent loads in *** three loaded edges are considered *** developed algorithm is used to study the effects of two free edges of a steel block and tapered rollers with different contact *** two load-free edges can substantially increase deformation if the two edges are close in *** results of the tapered roller simulation show that deformation is considerably sensitive to the contact angle of the tapered *** largest deformation appears at the big end of the ***,empirical formulae for correction factors for the calculation of block or quarter-space deformation based on half-space solutions are summarized.

关键词： contact mechanics two edge surfaces finite line contact tapered roller contact

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF ADAPTIVE MESH TECHNIQUE IN THREE DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WELDING PROCESS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2000年第1期13卷 33-39页

作者： Q. y.Shi A. L. Lu H. y.zhao A.P. Wu (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

The adaptive mesh mesh technique is developed and applied in three dimensional numerical simulation of welding process on the base of the commercial software. Special user subroutine is worked out to accom- plish this *** technique can make the dense mesh moving simultaneously with the heat source while the other area of the structure with much coarser mesh, greatly reducing the number of nodes and elements in the *** field,displacement and stress distributions during welding pro- cess me analyzed by FEM method with adaptive mesh and the analysis is also conducted with normal FEM method. The temperature field,displacement and stress distributions obtained with both methods are shown in contrast. The results show that the temperature fields and the displacement distributions of simulation on adaptive mesh correspond wery well with that of without adaptive mesh. Though the stress distributions have some difference,but the trends of the stress distribution are *** com- parison of the computing time of the two meshes indicates that the adaptive that the adaptive mesh can greatly reduce the calculation time when used for welding process.

关键词： adaptive mesh numerical simulation,temperature distribution,welding stress,welding displacement

Wide-gamut lasing from a single organic chromophore

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 115-123页

作者： S.Lane S.Vagin H.Wang W.R.Heinz W.Morrish y.zhao B.Rieger A.Meldrum Department of Physics University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G2E1Canada Department of Chemistry Technical University of MunichLichtenbergstraße 485747 Garching bei MünchenGermany

The development of wideband lasing media has deep implications for imaging,sensing,and display *** show that a single chromophore can be engineered to feature wide-gamut fluorescence and lasing throughout the entire visible spectrum and *** exceptional color tuning demonstrates a chemically controlled paradigm for light emission applications with precise color *** such extensive color control requires a molecular blueprint that yields a high quantum efficiency and a high solubility in a wide variety of liquids and solids while featuring a heterocyclic structure with good steric access to the lone pair *** these requirements in mind,we designed a lasing chromophore that encloses a lasing color space twice as large as the sRGB *** record degree of color tuning can in principle be adapted to the solid state by incorporating the chromophore into polymer *** appropriately engineering the base molecular structure,the widest range of lasing wavelengths observed for a conventional gain medium can be achieved,in turn establishing a possible route toward highefficiency light emitters and lasers with near-perfect chromaticity.

关键词： tuning lasing structure

Hardening and toughening effects of intermediate nanosized structures in a confined amorphous alloy film

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第23期118卷 44-53页

作者： Z.Q.Chen M.C.Li X.Tong y.zhao J.y.Xie S.W.Guo P.Huang F.Wang H.B.Ke B.A.Sun W.H.Wang Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices and School of Physical Science and Technology Xinjiang UniversityXinjiangUrumqi 830046China Key Laboratory of LCR Materials and Devices of yunnan Province School of Materials and EnergyYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China State-Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Material Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanics Education Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

The plastic deformation of amorphous alloys is well known to be localized into shear bands(SBs),which are believed to stem from the atomic-scale flow defects,i.e.,shear transformation zones(STZs).yet,the bridge between the mesoscopic SBs and the atomic-scale STZs remains poorly *** this work,through thermally activating pronouncedβrelaxations in the well-designed crystalline-layer confined amorphous(CLCA)Ni W alloy films,we experimentally captured and observed an intermediate nanosized structure termed as“nano shear bands”(NSBs)with a typical size of 1–2 nm in thickness and5–10 nm in *** influences of such NSB structures on the macroscale deformation behavior were systematically *** was found that NSBs lead to both hardening and toughening effects for the CLCA films,as they promote multiple and controlled shear banding deformation,which results in enhanced *** intermediate NSB structure could connect the microstructural characteristics and macroscopic plasticity in amorphous alloys and may provide new insights for understanding the microscopic deformation mechanism of amorphous alloys as well as tuning/designing their properties.

关键词： Amorphous alloys Nano shear band Hardening Toughening Crystallization