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Revisiting the conversion reaction voltage and the reversibility of the CuF2 electrode in Li-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2017年第12期10卷 4232-4244页

作者： Joon Kyo Seo Hyung-Man Cho Katsunori Takahara Karena W. Chapman Olaf J. Borkiewicz Mahsa Sina y. shirley meng Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA X-ray Science Division Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne IL 60439 USA

Deviation between thermodynamic and experimental voltages is one of the key issues in Li-ion conversion-type electrode materials; the factor that affects this phenomenon has not been understood well in spite of its importance. In this work, we combine first principles calculations and electrochemical experiments with characterization tools to probe the conversion reaction voltage of transition metal difluorides MF2（M = Fe, Ni, and Cu）. We find that the conversion reaction voltage is heavily dependent on the size of the metal nanoparticles generated. The surface energy of metal nanoparticles appears to penalize the reaction energy, which results in a lower voltage compared to the thermodynamic voltage of a bulk-phase reaction. Furthermore, we develop a reversible CuF2 electrode coated with NiO. Electron energy loss spectroscopy （EELS） elemental maps demonstrate that the lithiation process mostly occurs in the area of high NiO content. This suggests that NiO can be considered a suitable artificial solid electrolyte interphase that prevents direct contact between Cu nanoparticles and the electrolyte. Thus, it alleviates Cu dissolution into the electrolyte and improves the reversibility of CuF2.

关键词： Li-ion battery conversion material reaction voltage nanoparticle reversibility coating

Review:Mechanisms of inherited cancer susceptibility

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第1期9卷 1-4页

作者： shirley HODGSON Department of Cancer Genetics St Georges HospitalUniversity of LondonLondon SW17 OREUK

A small proportion of many cancers are due to inherited mutations in genes,which result in a high risk to the indi-vidual of developing specific cancers. There are several classes of genes that may be involved: tumour suppressor genes,onco-genes,genes encoding proteins involved in DNA repair and cell cycle control,and genes involved in stimulating the angiogenic pathway. Alterations in susceptibility to cancer may also be due to variations in genes involved in carcinogen metabolism. This review discusses examples of some of these genes and the associated clinical conditions caused by the inheritance of mutations in such genes.

关键词： Cancer Inherited mutations DNA repair Tumour suppressor gene Oncogenes

Diffusive transport of two charge equivalent and structurally similar ruthenium complex ions through graphene oxide membranes

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Nano Research 2015年第4期8卷 1128-1138页

作者： Michael Coleman Xiaowu (shirley) Tang Department of Chemistry 200 University Ave West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology 200 University Ave West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G 1 Canada

Here, we report a study of ion transport across graphene oxide （GO） membranes of various thicknesses, made by vacuum filtration of GO aqueous solutions. The diffusive transport rates of two charge-equivalent ruthenium complex ions Ru（bpy）3^2＋ and Ru（phen）32% with a sub-angstrom size difference, are distinguishable through GO membranes and their ratio can be a unique tool for probing the transport-relevant pore structures. Pore and slit-dominant hindered diffusion models are presented and correlated to experimental results. Our analysis suggests that ion transport is mostly facilitated by large pores （larger than 1.75 nm in diameter） in the relatively thin GO membranes, while slits formed by GO stacking （less than 1.42 nm in width） become dominant only in thick membranes. By grafting PEG molecules to the lateral plane of GO sheets, membranes with enlarged interlayer spacing were engineered, which showed drastically increased ion transport rates and lower distinction among the two ruthenium complex ions, consistent with the prediction by the slit-dominant steric hindered diffusion model.

关键词： graphene oxide ion transport hindered diffusion nanofluidics

Large non-pedunculated colorectal polyp management: The elephant in the room

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第25期30卷 3126-3131页

作者： shirley X Jiang Neal Shahidi Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z 2K5BCCanada

Minimally invasive innovations have transformed *** to colorectal cancer(CRC),there has been a shift towards less invasive surgical techniques and use of endoscopic resection as an alternative for low risk T1 *** role of endoscopic resection is however much more extensive:It is now considered the first line management strategy for most large(≥20 mm)non-pedunculated colorectal polyps,the majority of which are *** is due to the well-established efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of endoscopic techniques compared to *** endoscopic modalities now exist with distinct risk-benefit profiles and their outcomes are further improved by site-specific technical modifications,auxiliary techniques,and adverse event miti-gation *** capacity continues to evolve with emerging endoscopic techniques and expanding applications,particularly in the confines of a multi-disciplinary setting.

关键词： Cancer Colonoscopy Endoscopy Polyp Endoscopic mucosal resection Endoscopic submucosal dissection

Beyond Well-being: The Quest for Wholeness and Purpose in Education

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ECNU Review of Education 2020年第3期3卷 542-555页

作者： Dennis shirley Lynch School of Education and Human Development Boston College

Purpose:This article develops a critique of contemporary understandings and practices related to well-being in *** proposes a fuller development of wholeness and purpose that supplements and goes beyond the new well-being ***/Approach/Methods:This article draws upon a document analysis of conceptual and policy frameworks related to *** builds its critique of well-being with reference to a qualitative study consisting of 222 interviews with educators in the Canadian province of Ontario with regard to their understandings of *** includes references to the research and development work in the U.S.,Germany,and ***:The inclusion of well-being in policy agendas is an important step forward in the field of educational change,but this indication of progress is in danger of being reified through simplistic understandings of life satisfaction and other frameworks that evade the complexity of human *** and purpose are concepts that include but also go beyond well-being that should be addressed by ***/Value:Most of the criticisms of the new well-being agenda in educational policies and research simply assume its status as a summum bonum for human *** essay acknowledges the importance of well-being but expands beyond it to define wholeness and purpose as an alternative set of constructs with their own independent integrity that should not simply be subsumed into current well-being agendas.

关键词： Educational change educational policy purpose well-being wholeness

Corrupted Infrastructure： Imperialism and Environmental Sovereignty in Shanghai, 1873-1911

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Frontiers of History in China 2015年第3期10卷 428-456页

作者： shirley ye Depa15maent of History University of Birmingham Edgbaston B 15 2TT UK

The introduction of Western science in order to change physical and operational aspects of Shanghai＇s Huangpu River had been debated by Qing and Western officials since almost the beginning of its history as a Treaty Port. At stake in those debates was the perception of the river＇s proper use： as a natural barrier for military defense, or as a conduit for global trade. After the Western powers unified to militarily suppress the Boxer Uprising in 1900, they attained their long-awaited goal of the right to transform the river for global trade as part of Article 11 of the Boxer Protocol： the Junpuju （or Huangpu Conservancy Board） was created and authorized by the central government to make the Huangpu River navigable for shipping vessels. Although the Junpuju continued the ethos of earlier extra-bureaucratic organizations established during the Self-Strengthening Movement, after 1901 the organization bore the authority of the central government. During the era of the New Policies, Qing officials were intent on revising the original terms of river conservancy so that they would be more favorable to Chinese sovereignty. At the same time, imperialist rivalries among the Western powers ruptured the apparent unity of the earlier alliance during the suppression of the Boxer Uprising. Before long, Western corruption in the Huangpu River dredging was brought to the attention of Qing officials, who deftly used it to recover Qing control over certain parts of the body of the river.

关键词： Boxer Protocol corruption infrastructure Gu Hongming Huangpu River new policies Self-Strengthening Sino-French War

Surface Wettability and Chemistry of Ozone Perfusion Processed Porous Collagen Scaffold

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2011年第3期8卷 223-233页

作者： Chaozong Liu shirley Z. Shen 乙hiwu Han School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 7R U UK Polymer Composite & Nanomaterials CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology Highett Vic 3190 Australia Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education China) Jilin University Changchun 130022 P. R. China

Crosslinking treatment of collagen has often been used to improve the biological stability and mechanical properties of 3D porous collagen scaffolds. However, accompanying these improvements, the collagen fibril surface becomes hydrophobic nature resulting in a reduced surface wettability. The wetting of the collagen fibril by culture medium is reduced and it is difficult for the medium to diffuse into the 3D structure of a porous collagen scaffold. This paper reports a ＂perfusion processing＂ strategy using ozone to improve the surface wettability of chemical crosslinked collagen scaffolds. Surface wettability, surface composition and biological stability were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of this surface processing strategy. It was observed that ozone perfusion processing improved surface wettability for both exterior and interior surfaces of the porous 3D collagen scaffold. The improvement in wettability is attributed to the incorporation of oxygen-containing functional groups onto the surface of the collagen fibrils, as confirmed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy （XPS） analysis. This leads to a significant improvement in water taking capability without compromising the bulk biological stability and mechanical properties, and confirms that ozone perfusion processing is an effective tool to modify the wettability both for interior and exterior surfaces throughout the scaffold.

关键词： scaffold collagen surface modification hydrophilicity ozone perfusion

Race,Gender,and Genre in American Civil War Literature: An Interview with shirley Samuels

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外国文学研究 2021年第2期43卷 1-14页

作者：郝运慧雪莉·塞缪尔斯北京交通大学语言与传播学院美国康奈尔大学

雪莉·塞缪尔斯是康奈尔大学英文与美国研究教授,其主要研究领域为19世纪美国文学与文化,重点关注种族与性别。她是美国内战文学领域的知名学者之一,著述广泛,颇具影响力。其中重点和具有代表性的著述包括《文化证词与内战》(2020)、《... 详细信息

雪莉·塞缪尔斯是康奈尔大学英文与美国研究教授,其主要研究领域为19世纪美国文学与文化,重点关注种族与性别。她是美国内战文学领域的知名学者之一,著述广泛,颇具影响力。其中重点和具有代表性的著述包括《文化证词与内战》(2020)、《解读1780—1865年间的美国小说》(2012)、《亚伯拉罕·林肯剑桥指南》(2012)、《直面美国:图像学与美国内战》(2004),"文学与内战"(收录于《美国文学指南》,2020)、"审视林肯"(收录于《美国内战文学史》,2016)等。在本次访谈中,塞缪尔斯教授介绍了一个半世纪以来美国内战文学书写的流变,聚焦于该文学谱系中的种族、性别和文类三个重要议题。她指出了近几十年间内战文学在种族和奴隶制问题上的深化与新颖研究。同时,她格外关注了女性作家(包括非裔女性作家)对内战的记录与书写,以及日记和奴隶叙事等时常被人忽视的文类。她还建议内战文学学者们将视野置于更为广阔的19世纪美国历史及文化语境,拓展理解内战文学的疆界。

关键词：美国内战文学种族性别文类

The Emergence of a Globalized System for Disaster Risk Management and Challenges for Appropriate Governance

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第1期6卷 87-93页

作者： Steven JJensen shirley Feldmann-Jensen David MJohnston Nancy ABrown College of Health and Human Services California State University GNS Science School of Psychology Joint Centre of Disaster ResearchMassey University

Disaster risk management(DRM) is undergoing noteworthy changes, reflecting the broader shifts in global and local levels of governance. At the global level two significant changes are of interest:(1) the shift from monolithic structures of global governance to a wide range of organizations that can be brought together for specific purposes and(2) the emergence of a globalized system of DRM, with technological, organizational, and institutional capacities enhancing DRM’s ability as a unit in near real time across the globe. At the local level there is an increase in ability to govern and develop creative solutions for complex problems that follow rapid urbanization. The importance of getting the global–local interface to work in tandem has been highlighted by recent hazard events, such as the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami. From a broad view of global and local shifts, a strategic role is becoming clearer at the national level for enhancing the relationships between the global and local levels. Through the influence of a globalized system of DRM, the local level can significantly improve its capacity without the heavy investment that might have been required to develop these capacities in isolation. One key to achieving this is adiffusion of DRM higher education, supported by an enhanced system of information flow.

关键词： Disaster risk management Global governance Globalization Globalized systems Local governance National governance