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Cost effectiveness of nonpharmacological prevention programs for diabetes:A systematic review of trial-based studies

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 12-21页

作者： yongyi Xiong Zhaohua Huo Samuel y.S.Wong Benjamin H.K.yip Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina

Trial-based economic value of prevention programs for diabetes is *** aimed to review the cost-effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions to prevent type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)for high-risk *** electronic databases were searched up to March *** assessing both the cost and health outcomes of nonpharmacological interventions for people at high-risk of T2DM were *** quality of the study was assessed by the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 *** primary outcome for synthesis was incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICER)for quality-adjusted life years(QALys),and costs were standardized in 2022 US *** synthesis was performed,considering different types and delivery methods of *** studies included five based on the US diabetes prevention program(DPP),six on non-DPP-based lifestyle interventions,four on health education,and one on screening plus lifestyle *** with usual care,lifestyle interventions showed higher potential of cost-effectiveness than educational *** lifestyle interventions,DPP-based programs were less cost-effective(median of ICERs:$27,077/QALy)than non-DPP-based programs(median of ICERs:$1395/QALy)from healthcare perspectives,but with larger decreases in diabetes ***,the cost-effectiveness of interventions was more possibly realized through the combination of different delivery *** interventions to prevent T2DM in high-risk populations are both cost-effective and feasible in various ***,economic evidence from low-and middle-income countries is still lacking,and interventions delivered by trained laypersons and combined with peer support sessions or mobile technologies could be potentially a cost-effective solution in such settings with limited resources.

关键词： economic evaluation nonpharmacological interventions pre-diabetes prevention

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Game Theory based Optimal Defensive Resources Allocation with Incomplete Information in Cyber-physical Power Systems against False Data Injection Attacks

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2024年第2期9卷 115-127页

作者： Bingjing yan Zhenze Jiang Pengchao yao Qiang yang Wei Li Albert y.Zomaya College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China School of Information Technologies at The University of Sydney School of Information Technologies

Modern power grid is fast emerging as a complex cyber-physical power system(CPPS)integrating physical current-carrying components and processes with cyber-embedded computing,which faces increasing cy-berspace security threats and *** this paper,the state(i.e.,voltage)offsets resulting from false data injection(FDI)attacks and the bus safety characterization are applied to quantify the attack *** state offsets are obtained by the state estimation method,and the bus safety characterization considers the power net-work topology as well as the vulnerability and connection relationship of *** the indeterminacy of attacker’s resource consumption and reward,a zero-sum game-theoretical model from the defender’s perspective with incomplete information is explored for the optimal allocation of limited defensive *** attacker aims to falsify measurements without triggering threshold alarms to break through the protection,leading to load shedding,over-voltage or *** defender attempts to ensure the estimation results to be as close to the actual states as possible,and guarantee the system’s safety and efficient defensive resource *** proposed solution is extensively evaluated through simu-lations using the IEEE 33-bus test network and real-time digital simulator(RTDS)based testbed experiments of the IEEE 14-bus *** results demonstrate the effec-tiveness of the proposed game-theoretical approach for optimal defensive resource allocation in CPPS when lim-ited resources are available when under FDI *** Terms—Optimal strategy,game theory,Nash equilibrium,CPPS,FDI attack.

关键词： Optimal strategy game theory Nash equilibrium CPPS FDI attack

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Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enabled by guided flexural waves on a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： Philippe Vachon Srinivas Merugu Jaibir Sharma Amit Lal Eldwin J.Ng yul Koh Joshua E.-y.Lee Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Microelectronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore SonicMEMS Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capabilities of guided flexural waves(GFWs)generated by a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator(MAWA).By harnessing the potential of GFWs,cavity-agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved,unlocking new avenues for microfluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip *** localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they induce inside a liquid medium are numerically investigated to highlight their unique and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic technologies,the GFWs propagating on the MAWA’s membrane waveguide allow for cavity-agnostic particle manipulation,irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic ***,the acoustofluidic functions enabled by the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the membrane *** demonstrations using two types of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport,mixing,and spatial separation based on particle diameter,along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS *** experiments emphasize the versatility and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab-on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA’s compatibility with existing microfluidic systems.

关键词： waveguide fluid cavity

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Mindfulness Facets and Psychological Well-Being among Meditators:Serenity as a Mediating Process

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第3期26卷 177-187页

作者： Rebecca y.M.Cheung Iris yili Wang Elsa Ngar-Sze Lau School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of ReadingReadingUK Department of Special Education and Counselling The Education University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Educational Administration and Policy The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Guided by the theoretical processes of mindfulness and psychological well-being,this study examined serenity as a mediator between mindfulness facets and psychological well-being,as indexed by depressive symptoms and life *** were 133 mindfulness practitioners who took part in a 3-day transnational meditation event in Hong *** informed consent,participants completed a self-report *** findings from structural equation modeling showed that serenity mediated the relation between two facets of mindfulness,including describing and nonreacting to inner experience,and life *** also mediated the relation between the mindfulness facet of describing and depressive *** associations were indicated between two mindfulness facets,including observing and nonjudging of inner experience,and depressive *** together,the findings revealed mindfulness facets as major correlates of serenity and psychological outcomes among Chinese meditation *** foster psychological well-being,researchers,educators,and practitioners should pay attention to the role of serenity,describing,and nonreacting to inner experience in mental health.

关键词： Depressive symptoms mindfulness mindfulness practitioners satisfaction with life serenity

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Prenatal Diagnosis of an Apically Located Congenital Left Ventricular Aneurysm: A Rare Case

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 123-129页

作者： yücel Kaya And yavuz Hasan Berkan Sayal Büşra Tsakir Gökalp Kabacaoğlu Kadriye NilayÖzcan Department of Perinatology Antalya Education and Research HospitalUniversity of Health SciencesAntalyaTurkey Department of Perinatology Faculty of MedicineSüleyman Demirel UniversityIspartaTurkey

Congenital ventricular aneurysm is a very rare cardiac anomaly.A diagnosis can be made during the prenatal period using fetal *** study presents a very rare apically located left ventricular aneurysm case,and the relevant literature was reviewed and *** this case,a 35-year-old,gravida 2,parity 1 preg-nant woman at 24 weeks of gestation,displayed a wide aneurysmal image in the left ventricular apical wall on fetal *** was a 1.79 mm muscular ventricular septal defect at the apical region of the interven-tricular *** the course of the color Doppler ultrasonography examination,an aberrantﬁbrous band within the left ventricle and consequent turbulentﬂow during systole were *** baby,born via cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation,is now in its postnatal seventh ***,during echocardiographic follow-ups,changes have been observed,including mild to moderate mitral insufﬁciency and a decrease in systolic *** theseﬁndings,the clinical condition remains *** is of great importance to use a multidis-ciplinary approach in managing these rare cases that could lead to potential adverse outcomes during the antena-tal or postnatal periods.

关键词： Heart aneurysm prenatal diagnosis echocardiography congenital heart defects left ventricle

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Trial characteristics and treatment effect estimates in randomized controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicine: A meta-epidemiological study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期22卷 223-234页

作者： Betty H.Wang ya-li Lin yin-yan Gao Jin-lu Song Lang Qin Ling-qi Li Wen-qi Liu Claire C.W.Zhong Mary y.Jiang Chen Mao Xiao-bo yang Vincent C.H.Chung Irene X.y.Wu Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Xiangya School of Public Health Central South UniversityChangsha 410006Hunan ProvinceChina School of Chinese Medicine the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Public Health Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Chinese Medicine Syndrome Research Team the Second Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Guangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Central South UniversityChangsha 410006Hunan ProvinceChina

Background:Previously published meta-epidemiological studies focused on Western medicine have identified some trial characteristics that impact the treatment effect of randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Nevertheless,it remains unclear if similar associations exist in RCTs on Chinese herbal medicine(CHM).Further,Chinese medicine-related characteristics have not been explored ***:To investigate trial characteristics related to treatment effect estimates on CHM *** strategy:This meta-epidemiological study searched 5 databases for systematic reviews on CHM treatment published between January 2011 and July *** criteria:An eligible systematic review should only include RCTs of CHM and conduct at least one *** extraction and analysis:Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction on general characteristics of systematic reviews,meta-analyses and included *** also assessed the risk of bias of RCTs using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.A two-step approach was used for data *** ratio of odds ratios(ROR) and difference in standardized mean differences (dSMD) with 95%confidence interval (CI) were applied to present the difference in effect estimates for binary and continuous outcomes,***:Ninety-one systematic reviews,comprising 1338 RCTs were *** binary outcomes,RCTs incorporated with syndrome differentiation (ROR:1.23;95%CI:[1.07,1.39]),adopting Chinese medicine formula (ROR:1.19;95%CI:[1.03,1.34]),with low risk of bias on incomplete outcome data (ROR:1.29;95%CI:[1.06,1.52]) and selective outcome reporting (ROR:1.12;95%CI:[1.01,1.24]),as well as a trial size≥100 (ROR:1.23;95%CI:[1.04,1.42]) preferred to show larger effect *** for continuous outcomes,RCTs with Chinese medicine diagnostic criteria (dSMD:0.23;95%CI:[0.06,0.41]),judged as high/unclear risk of bias on allocation concealment (dSMD:-0.70;95%CI:[-0.99,-0.42]),with low risk of bias on incomplete outcome data (dSMD:0.30

关键词： Chinese herbal medicine Randomized controlled trial Risk of bias Meta-epidemiological study Effect estimates

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Inflammatory Factor IL1αInduces Aberrant Astrocyte Proliferation in Spinal Cord Injury Through the Grin2c/Ca^(2+)/CaMK2b Pathway

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第4期40卷 421-438页

作者： yu Xia Lu Ding Changlin Zhang Qi Xu Ming Shi Tianshun Gao Feng-Quan Zhou David y.B.Deng Scientific Research Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China Department of Gynecology The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China Pelvic Floor Disorders Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China Big Data Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310016China Orthopaedic and Neurological Repair Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107China

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is one of the most devastating traumas,and the aberrant proliferation of astrocytes usually causes neurological ***,the mechanism underlying astrocyte over-proliferation after SCI is ***2c(glutamate ionotropic receptor type 2c)plays an essential role in cell *** bioinformatic analysis indicated that Grin2c and Ca^(2+)transport functions were inhibited in astrocytes after *** of Grin2c stimulated astrocyte proliferation by inhibiting the Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2b(CaMK2b)pathway in *** screening different inflammatory factors,interleukin 1α(IL1α)was further found to inhibit Grin2c/Ca^(2+)/CaMK2b and enhance astrocyte proliferation in an oxidative damage *** of IL1αusing neutralizing antibody resulted in increased Grin2c expression and the inhibition of astrocyte proliferation ***,this study suggests that IL1αpromotes astrocyte proliferation by suppressing the Grin2c/Ca^(2+)/CaMK2b pathway after SCI,revealing a novel pathological mechanism of astrocyte proliferation,and may provide potential targets for SCI repair.

关键词： IL1α Grin2c Astrocyte Spinal cord injury

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Hole-Selective Contact with Molecularly Tailorable Reactivity for Passivating High-Performing Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1654-1661页

作者： Wenlin Jiang yingie Hu Fengzhu Li Francis R.Lin Alex K-y.Jen Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077

The precisely customizable attributes of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)molecules at the atomic level hold the potential to facilitate efficient hole selection and interface passivation ***,the correlation between the exposure of passivating groups on the surface and device performance remains ***,we introduce two newly designed SAM molecules,Cbz2S and Cbz2SMe,incorporating cyclic disulfide or two flanking thiomethyls by modifying the 4,5-position of carbazole to adjust the Lewis basicity of the SAM-modified *** possessing suitable energetic alignment,Cbz2S with more-exposed sulfur atoms exhibited inferior device performance due to excessive reactivity,leading to an overpopulation of PbI2 crystallites at the buried perovskite *** contrast,the screening effect from the methyl groups of Cbz2SMe optimized SAM reactivity,exquisitely integrating buried interface passivation and hole selection ***,the champion inverted perovskite solar cell(PSC)employing Cbz2SMe achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.42%,accompanied by prolonged *** work demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating Lewis-basic passivation groups into SAM molecules and elucidates the relationship between the reactivity of SAM passivation groups and device *** findings provide valuable insights for the design of novel multifunctional SAM molecules,further advancing the performance of PSCs.

关键词： self-assembled monolayer perovskite solar cell hole-selective layer carbazole derivatives defect passivation

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Recent innovations in laser additive manufacturing of titanium alloys

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第3期6卷 2-37页

作者： Jinlong Su Fulin Jiang Jie Teng Lequn Chen Ming yan Guillermo Requena Lai-Chang Zhang y Morris Wang Ilya V Okulov Hongmei Zhu Chaolin Tan College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People’s Republic of China Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology(SIM Tech) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A∗STAR)5 Cleantech LoopSingapore 636732Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Institute of Materials Research German Aerospace Center(DLR)Linder Höhe51147 CologneGermany Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Edith Cowan University270 Joondalup DriveJoondalupPerthWestern Australia 6027Australia Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 900095United States of America Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering-IWT Badgasteiner Str.328359 BremenGermany Faculty of Production Engineering University of BremenBadgasteiner Str.128359 BremenGermany Key Laboratory of Hunan Province of Equipment Safety Service Technology under Extreme Environment University of South ChinaHengyangPeople’s Republic of China RWTH Aachen University Metallic Structures and Materials Systems for Aerospace EngineeringD-52062 AachenGermany

Titanium(Ti)alloys are widely used in high-tech fields like aerospace and biomedical *** additive manufacturing(LAM),as an innovative technology,is the key driver for the development of Ti *** the significant advancements in LAM of Ti alloys,there remain challenges that need further research and development *** recap the potential of LAM high-performance Ti alloy,this article systematically reviews LAM Ti alloys with up-to-date information on process,materials,and *** feasible solutions to advance LAM Ti alloys are reviewed,including intelligent process parameters optimization,LAM process innovation with auxiliary fields and novel Ti alloys customization for *** auxiliary energy fields(***,acoustic,mechanical deformation and magnetic fields)can affect the melt pool dynamics and solidification behaviour during LAM of Ti alloys,altering microstructures and mechanical *** kinds of novel Ti alloys customized for LAM,like peritecticα-Ti,eutectoid(α+β)-Ti,hybrid(α+β)-Ti,isomorphousβ-Ti and eutecticβ-Ti alloys are reviewed in ***,machine learning in accelerating the LAM process optimization and new materials development is also *** review summarizes the material properties and performance envelops and benchmarks the research achievements in LAM of Ti *** addition,the perspectives and further trends in LAM of Ti alloys are also highlighted.

关键词： additive manufacturing titanium alloys auxiliary field machine learning aerospace materials lightweight materials novel alloys

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On the use of deep learning for phase recovery

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 190-235页

作者： Kaiqiang Wang Li Song Chutian Wang Zhenbo Ren Guangyuan Zhao Jiazhen Dou Jianglei Di George Barbastathis Renjie Zhou Jianlin Zhao Edmund y.Lam Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina School of Physical Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA

Phase recovery(PR)refers to calculating the phase of the light field from its intensity *** exemplified from quantitative phase imaging and coherent diffraction imaging to adaptive optics,PR is essential for reconstructing the refractive index distribution or topography of an object and correcting the aberration of an imaging *** recent years,deep learning(DL),often implemented through deep neural networks,has provided unprecedented support for computational imaging,leading to more efficient solutions for various PR *** this review,we first briefly introduce conventional methods for ***,we review how DL provides support for PR from the following three stages,namely,pre-processing,in-processing,and *** also review how DL is used in phase image ***,we summarize the work in DL for PR and provide an outlook on how to better use DL to improve the reliability and efficiency of ***,we present a live-updating resource(https://***/kqwang/phase-recovery)for readers to learn more about PR.

关键词： networks phase optics

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