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Standards and methods for dent assessment and failure prediction of pipelines:A critical review

Petroleum Science 2022年第6期19卷 3029-3045页

作者： Jian Zhao yun-Rong Lv y.Frank Cheng Dept.of Mechanical&Manufacturing Engineering University of CalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Petrochemical Corrosion and Safety Guangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaomingGuangdongChina

Dent,a common mechanical damage on pipelines,is associated with a significant local plastic deformation.Dents can cause pipeline failures,especially when they are combined with other types of defects such as gouges,fatigue,corrosion,and cracks.In this work,a systematic review of various assessment methods and standards for pipeline dents,including the combination of a dent with other defects,is conducted.Generally,the methods available today are not sufficiently accurate and reliable to assess pipeline dents,especially the dent-defect combinations.For plain dents on pipelines,both the depthbased criterion and the strain-based criterion are commonly used in engineering.Their main problems include inaccuracy and conservatism.For a dent combined with other defects,the existing assessment techniques are not mature enough to give reliable results.Both experimental testing and numerical modeling through finite element(FE)analysis are capable of investigating the influence of dents and dent-defect combinations on burst failure pressure of the pipelines,although an approximation to the reality is still the main difficulty existing in the experimental testing and FE analysis.Nowadays,relevant studies on assessment techniques for plain dents,a dent with fatigue and a dent with a single gouge have been common in literature.The combinations of a dent with corrosion or cracks have been rarely assessed due to complicated mechanisms involving a multi-physics coupling effect.Development of novel assessment methods by integrating mechanical stress and strain,electrochemical reactions and steel metallurgy will be a key topic to accurately assess the dent-defect combinations for improved pipeline integrity.

关键词： Dents Pipelines Assessment techniques Burst failure pressure Dent-defect combinations

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Synergistic effects of Nb and Mo on hydrogen-induced cracking of pipeline steels:A combined experimental and numerical study

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第27期158卷 156-170页

作者： Shiqi Zhang Luming Qi Shilong Liu Zhixian Peng y.Frank Cheng Feng Huang Jing Liu The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Institute of Advanced Steels and Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Marine Materials and Service Safety Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China

The synergistic effects of Nb and Mo on hydrogen-induced cracking(HIC)of pipeline steels were studied experimentally and numerically.The results showed that Mo was primarily segregated at grain-boundaries(GBs)or solid-dissolved in the matrix,while most Nb and a small amount of Mo formed dis-persed(Nb,Mo)C nano-precipitates and refined the microstructure.Compared with Nb alloying,the multi-ple additions of Nb-Mo played dual roles in affecting H diffusion:primarily,the H-traps densities such as GBs,precipitates,and solute Mo atoms increased,providing an advantage;however,Mo slightly reduced the H-trapping capacity of precipitates,playing an adverse role.Nonetheless,the beneficial effects far outweighed the adverse effects,thereby reducing H diffusivity and inhibiting crack initiation.Addition-ally,Nb and Mo hindered crack propagation synergistically as follows:(i)Mo enhanced GB cohesion by repelling H,impeding intergranular cracking and hydrogen-enhanced decohesion(HEDE);(ii)Nb reduced the proportion of3/high-angle grain boundaries,increasing cracking resistance;(iii)(Nb,Mo)C precip-itates impeded H-dislocation interactions,reducing the hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity(HELP).

关键词： Hydrogen-induced cracking Nb-Mo microalloying Hydrogen permeation Precipitate Pipeline steel

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Modeling of the mechano-electrochemical effect at corrosion defect with varied inclinations on oil/gas pipelines

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Petroleum Science 2021年第5期18卷 1520-1529页

作者： Zhu-Wu Zhang Jin-Chang Wang Jiu-Hong Zhang y.Frank Cheng College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116FujianChina Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryT2N 1N4AlbertaCanada

A 3-dimensional finite element model was built to determine the effect of inclination angle of a corro sion defect on local mechano-electrochemical(M-E)effect in a simulated soil solution.Because of the high effect of the defect inclination angle on the M-E effect,when the inclination angle is 0°(i.e.,the primary axis of the defect parallel to the longitudinal direction of the pipe),the greate st stress concentration level at the defect can be observed,which is associated with the lowest corrosion potential,the greatest anodic current density and the most serious accelerated localized corrosion.When the inclination angle is 90°,the stress concentration level reduces and the corrosion potential becomes less negative,accompanying with the decreased anodic/cathodic current densities.Besides,when the ratio(r_(ca))of the primary axial length of the defect to its secondary axial length is 1,the defect inclination does not affect the stress and the electrochemical corrosion rate at the defect.With the increase of r_(ca),the effect of the defect inclination angle is more apparent.

关键词： Pipelines Corrosion defect assessment Mechano-electrochemical effect Finite element model

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Numerical modeling of the critical pipeline inclination for the elimination of the water accumulation on the pipe floor in oil-water fluid flow

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Petroleum 2021年第2期7卷 209-221页

作者： Xiaoqin Song Dongxin Li Xiao Sun Xingjie Mou y.Frank Cheng yuexin yang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Petrochina Southwest Pipeline Company Chengdu610500China Downhole Operation Company Sinopec Xinan Oilfield Service CorporationDeyang618000China Dept.of Mechanical Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan618307China

In this work,numerical models were developed to investigate the critical inclination of a pipeline to eliminate the water accumulation at the floor of the pipe carrying oil-water fluid.Computational fluid dynamics software was used to establish a geometric model of the pipe with various inclination angles,and a grid-independent verification was conducted to determine a reasonable meshing method.Quantitative relationships were determined between the pipe inclination angle and the affecting factors including the flow velocity,viscosity and the pipe diameter,where the water accumulation would not be able to occur.Generally,the critical inclination angle increases with the fluid flow velocity.The refluxing of water is the key mechanism causing the water accumulation at the bottom of the pipe.In addition to the fluid flow velocity,an increase in fluid viscosity and a decrease in the pipe diameter cause an increase of the critical inclination angle that the water phase can be carried away by oil.The model can be used to determine the critical inclination of pipelines carrying oil-water fluid to cause the water accumulation and the operating conditions that can eliminate the accumulation of water phase at the pipe floor.

关键词： Pipeline inclination Oil-water fluid flow Water accumulation Numerical modeling

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不含塔菲尔线性区的极化曲线的拟合方法

不含塔菲尔线性区的极化曲线的拟合方法

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2018年全国腐蚀电化学及测试方法学术交流会

作者：李强 y.Frank Cheng 中国石油大学(华东)储运与建筑工程学院 University of Calgary Department of Mechanical Engineering

极化曲线是腐蚀研究中的很常用一种的电化学测试方法,可用于腐蚀行为分析,并通过曲线拟合获得腐蚀速率及构建腐蚀机理模型所需的动力学参数。通常是通过对极化曲线中塔菲尔区开展线性拟合获得阴、阳极塔菲尔斜率,并外推获得腐蚀速率。然...

极化曲线是腐蚀研究中的很常用一种的电化学测试方法,可用于腐蚀行为分析,并通过曲线拟合获得腐蚀速率及构建腐蚀机理模型所需的动力学参数。通常是通过对极化曲线中塔菲尔区开展线性拟合获得阴、阳极塔菲尔斜率,并外推获得腐蚀速率。然而,线性拟合的方法要求塔菲尔区在logi轴至少有一个decade的直线段,以确保拟合的精度,而且该方法原理上只适用于完全受活化控制的腐蚀体系。在以氧还原反应为主要阴

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Modeling and analysis of a catastrophic oil spill and vapor cloud explosion in a confined space upon oil pipeline leaking

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Petroleum Science 2020年第2期17卷 556-566页

作者： Shengzhu Zhang Xu Wang y.Frank Cheng Jian Shuai China Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing 100012China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada College of Safety and Ocean Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China

Oil spill-induced vapor cloud explosions in a confined space can cause catastrophic consequences.In this work,investigation was conducted on the catastrophic pipeline leak,oil spill,and the resulting vapor cloud explosion accident occurring in China in 2013 by modeling analysis,field surveys,and numerical simulations.The total amount of the spilled oil was up to2044.4 m3 due to improper disposal.The long residence time of the oil remaining in a confined space permitted the formation of explosive mixtures and caused the vapor cloud explosion.A numerical model was developed to estimate the consequence of the explosion based on volatilization testing results.The results show that the death-leading zone and the glass-breaking zone could be 18 m and 92 m,respectively,which are consistent with the field investigation.The severity of the explosion is related to the amount of the oil spill,properties of oil,and volatilization time.It is recommended that a comprehensive risk assessment be conducted to analyze the possible consequences upon oil spilling into a confined space.Prompt collection and ventilation measures should be taken immediately after the spill occurs to reduce the time for oil volatilization and prevent the mixture from reaching its explosive limit.

关键词： Pipeline leaking Oil spill Vapor cloud explosion Confined space Consequence analysis

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Facile Li-Al layered double hydroxide films on Al alloy for enhanced hydrophobicity, anti-biofouling and anti-corrosion performance

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第20期79卷 230-242页

作者： Ji Li Tianci yuan chengliang Zhou Bo Chen yi Shuai Dawang Wu Dongchu Chen Xiaohu Luo y.Frank Cheng yali Liu State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082China Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qiannan Normal University for NationalitiesDuyun558000China College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China School of Material Science and Energy Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan528000China

In this work,lithium(Li)-aluminum(Al)layered double hydroxide(LDH)films modified by 4-amino-2-((hydrazine methylene)amino)-4-oxobutanoic acid(denoted as AOA acid)and/or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane were prepared on 6N01 Al alloy by a facile,in-situ growth method with enhanced hydrophobicity,anti-biofouling and anti-corrosion performance.The preparation is low energy consumptive and environment friendly,relying on self-assembly at ambient temperature.The structure,molecular weight and functional groups of the synthesized AOA acid were characterized by NMR spectrometer,ESI-MS spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy.And the compositions,structure and morphology of the films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,glancing-angle X-ray diffraction(GA-XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrum(EDS).Water contact angle measurements(CA)and atomic force microscopy(AFM)characterization show that the films possess a micro/nanostructure with an improved hydrophobicity.Immersion test,neutral salt tests(NSS)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)conducted in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solutions demonstrate the improved corrosion resistance of the films over bare Al alloy.Meanwhile,the films also possess an excellent anti-bacterial property toEscherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis and sulfate-reducing bacteria.

关键词： Li-Al layered double hydroxides Anti-biofouling Hydrophobicity Anti-bacterial Anti-corrosion

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油气管道周边区域划分与距离设定研究

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中国安全生产科学技术 2019年第1期15卷 5-11页

作者：张圣柱 y.Frank Cheng 王如君冯晓东冯庆善魏利军多英全韩玉鑫中国安全生产科学研究院北京100012 卡尔加里大学中华人民共和国应急管理部北京100017 中国石油管道公司河北廊坊065000

为合理评估并有效控制管道与周边区域的相互影响,提出1种油气管道周边区域划分与距离设定方法。通过数据统计与事故案例分析,归纳了油气管道安全运行面临的4项问题,结合管道与周边区域相互影响类型及范围,提出将周边区域沿管道中心线依... 详细信息

为合理评估并有效控制管道与周边区域的相互影响,提出1种油气管道周边区域划分与距离设定方法。通过数据统计与事故案例分析,归纳了油气管道安全运行面临的4项问题,结合管道与周边区域相互影响类型及范围,提出将周边区域沿管道中心线依次划分为管道通行区、规划控制区和应急响应区。根据法律规定、实际事故后果影响范围和典型事故后果数值计算结果,提出了上述3个区域的距离设定原则与计算方法,并针对当前油气管道周边区域管理存在的问题提出了分区域管控建议。研究结果表明:所提出的方法有助于控制管道与周边区域的相互影响,保障管道安全运行和周边区域公共安全。

关键词：油气管道区域划分距离设定管道通行区规划控制区应急响应区

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高强管线钢焊缝区氢损伤研究与展望

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石油管材与仪器 2021年第6期7卷 1-13页

作者：孙颖昊程玉峰加拿大卡尔加里大学机械工程系阿尔伯塔卡尔加里T2N 1N4

为了提高能源运输效率,高强管线钢得到了广泛应用。然而,高强钢焊缝区特殊的显微组织结构及其与氢、应力的协同效应,使得氢损伤成为突出的问题。综述了高强管线钢焊接金属学特征、焊缝中氢原子来源以及氢在焊缝区扩散及捕获行为;讨论了... 详细信息

为了提高能源运输效率,高强管线钢得到了广泛应用。然而,高强钢焊缝区特殊的显微组织结构及其与氢、应力的协同效应,使得氢损伤成为突出的问题。综述了高强管线钢焊接金属学特征、焊缝中氢原子来源以及氢在焊缝区扩散及捕获行为;讨论了常见的氢损伤形式及机理;分析了焊缝区氢致失效的影响因素及控制方法。目前,关于各种氢损伤机理仍然存在争议,高强钢焊缝区的特殊金属学特征在氢致失效过程中的作用有待进一步厘清,将来的研究主要集中在原子尺度测量与计算模拟方面。

关键词：高强管线钢焊缝区氢损伤冶金组织应力氢扩散与氢陷阱

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Constructing parametric triangular patches with boundary conditions

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第3期18卷 315-322页

作者： frank cheng Department of Computer Science University of Kentucky Lexington Ky 40506 USA

The problem of constructing a parametric triangular patch to smoothly connect three surface patches is studied. Usually, these surface patches are defined on different parameter spaces. Therefore, it is necessary to define interpolation conditions, with values from the given surface patches, on the boundary of the triangular patch that can ensure smooth transition between different parameter spaces. In this paper we present a new method to define boundary conditions. Boundary conditions defined by the new method have the same param- eter space if the three given surface patches can be converted into the same form through affine transformation. Consequently, any of the classic methods for constructing functional triangular patches can be used directly to construct a parametric triangular patch to connect given surface patches with G1 continuity. The resulting parametric triangular patch preserves precision of the applied classic method.

关键词： Triangular patch Parametric interpolation Determination of interpolation conditions

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