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Blastomas of the digestive system in adults:A review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 1030-1042页

作者： yu Liu Tony el Jabbour Jonathan Somma yukihiro Nakanishi Saverio Ligato Hwajeong Lee Zhi-yan Fu Department of Pathology LSU Health Sciences Center School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Pathology Hartford HealthCareHartfordCT 06102United States Department of Pathology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33612United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Albany Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States

Blastomas,characterized by a mixture of mesenchymal,epithelial,and undifferentiated blastematous components,are rare malignant neoplasms originating from precursor blast *** review focuses on digestive system blastomas in adult patients,including gastroblastoma,hepatoblastoma,and *** is a biphasic,epitheliomesenchymal tumor,with only sixteen cases reported to *** addition to the characteristic histology,metastasisassociated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 gene fusion is typical,although recently novel ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-c-terminal binding protein 1 and patched 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 2 fusions have been *** is exceptionally rare in adults and can show a variety of histologic patterns which may cause diagnostic ***,primarily a pediatric tumor,displays acinar differentiation and squamoid nests with other lines of differentiation also present,especially *** approaches for these blastomas include a combination of imaging modalities,histopathological examination,and molecular *** treatment generally involves surgical resection,which may be supplemented by chemotherapy or radiotherapy in some *** vary with gastroblastoma generally showing favorable outcomes post-surgery whereas hepatoblastoma and pancreatoblastoma often have poorer outcomes,particularly in the setting of *** review highlights the complexity of diagnosing and managing these rare adult blastomas as well as the need for ongoing research to better understand their pathogenesis and improve treatment strategies.

关键词： Adult blastomas Gastroblastoma Hepatoblastoma Pancreatoblastoma Digestive system

Multi-layer perceptron-based data-driven multiscale modelling of granular materials with a novel Frobenius norm-based internal variable

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2198-2218页

作者： Mengqi Wang y.T.Feng Shaoheng Guan Tongming Qu Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringSwansea UniversitySwanseaWalesSA18EPUK Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics Graz University of TechnologyGraz8010Austria Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClearwater BayKowloonHong KongChina

One objective of developing machine learning(ML)-based material models is to integrate them with well-established numerical methods to solve boundary value problems(BVPs).In the family of ML models,recurrent neural networks(RNNs)have been extensively applied to capture history-dependent constitutive responses of granular materials,but these multiple-step-based neural networks are neither sufficiently efficient nor aligned with the standard finite element method(FEM).Single-step-based neural networks like the multi-layer perceptron(MLP)are an alternative to bypass the above issues but have to introduce some internal variables to encode complex loading *** this work,one novel Frobenius norm-based internal variable,together with the Fourier layer and residual architectureenhanced MLP model,is crafted to replicate the history-dependent constitutive features of representative volume element(RVE)for granular *** obtained ML models are then seamlessly embedded into the FEM to solve the BVP of a biaxial compression case and a rigid strip footing *** obtained solutions are comparable to results from the FEM-DEM multiscale modelling but achieve significantly improved *** results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed internal variable in enabling MLP to capture highly nonlinear constitutive responses of granular materials.

关键词： Granular materials History-dependence Multi-layer perceptron(MLP) Discrete element method FEM-DEM Machine learning

Multi-population particle swarm optimization algorithm for automatic design of steel frames

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 89-103页

作者： Wenchen SHAN Jiepeng LIU yao DING y.Frank CHEN Junwen ZHOU Institute of Smart City and Intelligent Transportation Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610000China School of Civil Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Department of Civil Engineering the Pennsylvania State UniversityMiddletownPA 17057USA

Steel structures are widely used;however,their traditional design method is a trial-and-error procedure which is neither efficient nor cost ***,a multi-population particle swarm optimization(MPPSO)algorithm is developed to optimize the weight of steel frames according to standard design *** are made to improve the algorithm performances including the constraint-based strategy,piecewise mean learning strategy and multi-population cooperative *** proposed method is tested against the representative frame taken from American standards and against other steel frames matching Chinese design *** related parameter influences on optimization results are *** the representative frame,MPPSO can achieve greater efficiency through reduction of the number of analyses by more than 65% and can obtain frame with the weight for at least 2.4%lighter.A similar trend can also be observed in cases subjected to Chinese design *** addition,a migration interval of 1 and the number of populations as 5 are recommended to obtain better MPPSO *** purpose of the study is to propose a method with high efficiency and robustness that is not confined to structural scales and design *** aims to provide a reference for automatic structural optimization design problems even with dimensional *** proposed method can be easily generalized to the optimization problem of other structural systems.

关键词： steel frame multi-population particle swarm optimization automatic structural optimization design

Ultralong hydroxyapatite-based forward osmosis membrane for freshwater generation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 37-49页

作者： Mohamed Gamal Gomaa Hamdy Maamoun Abdel-Ghafar Francesco Galiano Francesca Russo Alberto Figoli el-Sayed Ali Abdel-Aal Abdel-Hakim Taha Kandil Bahaa Ahmed Salah Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute(CMRDI) 11421 CairoEgypt Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceHelwan University11795 CairoEgypt Institute on Membrane Technology(CNR-ITM) 87036 RendeItaly

Increasing global water shortages are accelerating the pace of membrane manufacturing,which generates many environmentally harmful *** challenges need a radical rethink of developing innovative membranes that can address freshwater production without generating environmentally harmful *** work utilized the synthesized ultra-long hydroxyapatite(UHA)by the solvothermal method using the green solvent oleic acid in preparing UHA-based forward osmosis *** membranes were developed using different loading ratios of graphene oxide(GO)by vacuum-assisted filtration *** prepared GO/UHA membranes were identified using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,and X-ray photoelectron *** contact angle and pore size distribution were determined for the obtained GO/UHA *** obtained hierarchical porous structure in the prepared membranes with interconnected channels results in a stable water flux with reverse salt *** best water flux rate of 42±2 L·m^(–2)·h^(–1)was achieved using the 50 mg GO/UHA membrane,which is 3.3 times higher than the pristine membrane,and a reverse salt flux of 67 g·m^(-2)·h^(–1).The obtained results showed a promising capability of a new generation of sustainable inorganic-based membranes that can be utilized in freshwater generation by energy-efficient techniques such as forward osmosis.

关键词： forward osmosis ultra-long hydroxyapatite graphene oxide inorganic-based membrane

Experimental validation of double-fed induction generator in oscillating water column using circulatory system-based optimization

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CLEAN ENERGy 2024年第2期8卷 127-143页

作者： elnaghi, Basem E. Ismaiel, Ahmed M. Abdel-Kader, Fathy el Sayed Mohammed, Reham H. Abelwhab, M. N. Suez Canal Univ Elect Power & Machine Dept Ismailia Egypt Menoufia Univ Fac Engn Elect Machine & Power Dept Menoufia Egypt Suez Canal Univ Comp & Control Dept Ismailia Egypt

This paper validates the optimal operation for a grid-connected double-fed induction generator (DFIG) in an oscillating water column power plant (OWCPP). This study presents a novel optimization technique called the circulatory system-based optimization (CSBO) approach to develop six adaptive fuzzy logic controllers (AFLCs) with 30 parameters and compare them to chaotic-billiards optimization (C-BO) and genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed controller is also compared with a proportional-integral differential (PID) controller based on a self-adaptive global-best harmony search (SGHS). CSBO-based AFLCs are fully investigated under different scenarios and experimented with using a real-time interface DSP1104. The results of using CSBO-AFLCs revealed a fast time response, fast convergence, less overshoot and minimal error compared with those achieved with C-BO-AFLC, SGHS-PID and GA-AFLC during different case studies. The CSBO-based AFLCs ensure maximum power from the DFIG in an OWCPP and enhance dynamic response with very low errors. The results show that the CSBO shows better power tracking by 25% as compared with C-BO, by 45% when compared with the GA and by 56% when compared with PID. Moreover, the integral absolute errors of six controllers are investigated to demonstrate the feasibility of CSBO-AFLC. The root mean square of the errors of six controllers using CSBO is improved by 68.27% when compared with GA, by 22.57% when compared with C-BO and by 38.42% when compared with PID. These indicators demonstrate the feasibility of CSBO when compared with other algorithms with the same OWCPP. This paper validates the optimal operation of a grid-connected double-fed induction generator in an oscillating water column using a novel optimization technique called the circulatory system-based optimization approach. Experiments using a real-time simulator demonstrate the feasibility of the approach when compared with other algorithms. Graphical Abstract

关键词： circulatory system-based optimization approach adaptive fuzzy logic controller grid-tied oscillating water column power plant maximum power point tracking WAVE ENERGy-CONVERSION DESIGN OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM CONTROLLER TURBINE

Hemodynamic management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia:the role of targeted neonatal echocardiography

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 81-89页

作者： Aimann Surak Linda Mahgoub Joseph y Ting Department of Pediatrics University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)is a major congenital anomaly,resulting from the herniation of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity,thereby impeding the proper development of the lungs and pulmonary *** severity correlates with a spectrum of pulmonary hypoplasia,pulmonary hypertension(PHT),and cardiac dysfunction,constituting the pathophysiological triad of this complex *** accurate diagnosis and effective management of PHT and cardiac dysfunction is pivotal to optimizing patient *** neonatal echocardiography is instrumental in delivering real-time data crucial for the bespoke,pathophysiology-targeted hemodynamic management of CDH-associated PHT.

关键词： congenital targeted neonatal

Methylmalonic Acidemia: An Unusual Cause of Chronic Renal Disease in Adults

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 334-339页

作者： Kamel el Reshaid Abdulrahman Al Kanderi Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait Department of Nephrology Al-Jahra Hospital Ministry of Health Kuwait City Kuwait

Background: Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is a genetic disorder of aminoacid metabolism, due to mutations in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which leads to the accumulation of methylmalonic acid in body fluids. Patients typically present at the age of 1 month to 1 year with dehydration, renal impairment as well as neurologic manifestations viz. seizure, encephalopathy, strokes and disease in the globus pallidi. The case: a 26-year-old man presented with severe acute on top of chronic renal disease with serum creatinine at 590 umol/L and bilateral 8 cm kidneys with thin and echogenic cortex. He had: (a) hypernatremic dehydration, metabolic acidosis and high ammonia level with (b) a history of multiple similar attacks since the age of 8 months. Diagnosis of MMA was confirmed by high serum and urine enzymatic levels as well as genetic testing. His initial management included support with replacements of fluids, electrolytes, and bicarbonates as well as intravenous dextrose, vitamin B12 and broad-spectrum antibiotic (Meropenem) for his chest infection. Subsequently, he received 1) CARBAGLU (carglumic acid) for 7 days to lower his ammonia level to Conclusion: Untreated homozygous MMA variants, can achieve adulthood with significant renal disease yet their morbidity and mortality can be ameliorated with diet and specific therapy.

关键词： Methylmalonic Acidemia Kidney Failure Metabolic Acidosis Autosomal Recessive Amino Acid Disorder Kreps Cycle Hyperammonia Vitamin 12 Carnitine

Diet in Renal Diseases: An Art of Science

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 361-374页

作者： Kamel el-Reshaid Shaikha Al-Bader Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait Department of Nephrology Jaber Hospital Ministry of Health Kuwait City Kuwait

Purpose of Review: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a limited ability to excrete fluids, electrolytes, uremic toxins and other end-products of catabolism. Studies on adverse renal outcomes with dietary patterns are limited. Methods: Comprehensive search in PubMed of papers published until June 2024 describing prospective cohort studies on renal nutritional therapy (RNT) with at least 3 years of follow up. Results: RNT should include adequate yet limited amounts of calories, fluids, protein, lipids, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. RNT is an adjuvant to specific drug-therapy in 1) certain complications viz. fluid overload, anemia and renal osteodystrophy, and 2) specific kidney diseases viz. glomerulopathies, tubulopathies, polycystic kidney disease, calcium oxalates urolithiasis and cystinuria, as well as 3) types of renal failure viz acute and chronic and its treatment viz. hemodialysis, peritoneal and transplantation. Conclusion: RNT is patient-specific and should be systematically planned to delay the progression of CKD as well as to prevent and treat its complications.

关键词： Calories Diet Disease electrolytes Fluid Kidney Lipids Nutrition Protein Vitamins

Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2564-2597页

作者： David Walzik Tiffany y.Wences Chirino Philipp Zimmer Niklas Joisten Division of Performance and Health(Sports Medicine) Institute for Sport and Sport ScienceTU Dortmund University44227 DortmundNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany Division of Exercise and Movement Science Institute for Sport ScienceUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenLower SaxonyGermany

Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases,the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully *** exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle,cardiac muscle,adipose,and liver *** signaling molecules,which are collectively termed exerkines,form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances,mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue *** scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such ***,some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes.A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and ***,we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various *** emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research,we provide a comprehensive overview of(i)the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion,(ii)the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption,and(iii)the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.

关键词： prevention treatment collective