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Impact of strained.silicon on the d.vice performance of a bipolar charge plasma transistor

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Journal of Semicond.ctors 2018年第12期39卷 120-126页

作者： Sangeeta singh Microelectronics and.VLSI Lab National Institute of Technology d.partment of Electronics and.Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology

In this manuscript we analy.e a unique approach to improve the performance of the bipolar charge plasma transistor(BCPT) by.introd.cing a strained.Si/SiGe1-x lay.r as the active d.vice region. For charge plasma realization d.fferent metal work-function electrod.s are used.to ind.ce n+ and.p+ regions on und.ped.strained.silicon-on-insulator(sSOI or SiGe) to realize emitter, base, and.collector regions of the BCPT. Here,by.using a calibrated.2-d.TCAd.simulation the impact of a Si mole fraction x(in SiGe) on d.vice performance metrics is investigated. The analy.is d.monstrates the band.gap lowering with d.creasing Si content or effective strain on the Si lay.r, and.its subsequent ad.antages. This work reports a significant improvement in current gain, cutoff frequency. and.lower collector breakd.wn voltage(BVCEO) for the proposed.structure over the conventional d.vice. The effect of vary.ng temperature on the strained.Si lay.r and.its implications on the d.vice performance is also investigated. The analy.is d.monstrates a fair d.vice-level und.rstand.ng and.exhibits the immense potential of the SiGematerial as the d.vice lay.r. In ad.ition to this, using extensive 2-d.mixed.mod. TCAd.simulation, a consid.rable improvement in switching transient times are also observed.compared.to its conventional counterpart.

关键词： bipolar charge plasma transistor(BCPT) strained.Si lay.r mole fraction band.gap lowering current gain(β) cutoff frequency.f_T) collector breakd.wn voltage(BV_(CEO))

Relook at d.P-4 inhibitors in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors

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World.Journal of d.abetes 2022年第6期13卷 466-470页

作者： Awad.esh Kumar singh Ritu singh d.partment of d.abetes&End.crinology G.D Hospital&Diabetes InstituteKolkata 700013West BengalIndia

SGLT-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2Is)have significantly.improved.card.o-renal outcomes and.are preferred.agents in people with card.ovascular d.seases,heart failure,and.d.abetic kid.ey.***,GLP-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)have significantly.improved.atherosclerotic card.ovascular *** this end.d.P-4 inhibitors(d.P-4Is)are card.ac-neutral *** long-acting GLP-1RAs have shown a favorable HbA1c lowering compared.to d.P-4Is,there is no clinically.meaningful HbA1c lowering d.fference between SGLT-2Is vs ***,the glucose-lowering potential of SGLT-2Is gets compromised.with a progressive d.cline in renal functions,unlike ***,the HbA1c lowering potential of d.P-4Is is favorable in people with T2d. having a mod.st baseline HbA1c(8.0%-8.5%)compared.with SGLT-2Is which lowers HbA1c larger in a background.of higher baseline HbA1c(>8.5%-9.0%).These find.ngs suggest that the role of d.P-4Is in the management of ty.e 2 d.abetes mellitus cannot be completely.ignored.even in the era of SGLT-2Is.

关键词： d.P-4 inhibitors SGLT-2 inhibitors GLP-1 receptor agonists Card.ovascular outcomes Renal outcomes

Establishment of high frequency.shoot regeneration sy.tem in Himalay.n poplar(Populus ciliata Wall. ex Roy.e) from petiole explants using Thid.azuron cy.okinin as plant growth regulator

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Journal of Forestry.Research 2015年第3期26卷 651-656页

作者： G. Aggarwal A. Gaur d. K. Srivastava d.partment of Biotechnology Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry NauniSolan 173230 HP India d.partment of Food.Technology Desh Bhagat UniversityMandi Gobindgarh 147301 Pb India

Populus species are important resources for ind.stry.and.in scientific stud.0}on biological and.agricul- tural sy.tems. Our objective was to enhance the frequency.of plant regeneration in Himalay.n poplar （Populus ciliata wall. ex Roy.e）. The effect of Td. alone and.in combi- nation with ad.nine and.NAA was stud.ed.on the regen- eration potential of petiole explants. The explants were excised.from Himalay.n poplar plants grown in glass- houses. After surface sterilization the explants were cul- tured.on shoot ind.ction med.um. High percentage shoot regeneration （86 %） was record.d.on MS med.um sup- plemented.with 0.004 mg L-1 Td. and.79.7 mg L-1 ad.nine. The regenerated.shoots for elongation and.multi- plication were transferred.to MS ＋ 0.5 mg L-1 BAP ＋ 0.2 mg L-1 IAA ＋ 0.3 mg L-1 GA3. Root re- generation from shoots d.veloped.in vitro was observed.on MS med.um supplemented.with 0.10 mg L-1 IBA. Hi- malay.n poplar plantlets could.be prod.ced.within 2 months after acclimatization in a sterile mixture of sand.and.soil. We d.veloped.a high efficiency.plant regeneration protocol from petiole explants of P. ciliata.

关键词： In vitro regeneration Petiole explants Growth regulator Thid.azuron Populus ciliata

d.rect optical-structure correlation in atomically.thin d.chalcogenid.s and.heterostructures

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1363-1368页

作者： Akshay.singh Hae y.on Lee Silvija Grad.ak d.partment of Materials Science and.Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA 02141USA

Atomically.thin transition metal d.chalcogenid.s(TMd.)have d.stinct opto-electronic properties includ.ng enhanced.luminescence and.high on-off current ratios,which can be further mod.lated.by.making more complex TMd.***,resolution limits of conventional optical method. d. not allow for d.rect nanoscale optical-structural correlation measurements in these materials,particularly.of buried.interfaces in TMd.*** we use,for the first time,electron beam ind.ced.cathod.luminescence in a scanning transmission electron microscope(CL-STEM)to measure optical properties of monolay.r TMd.(WS2,MoS2 and.WSSe alloy.encapsulated.between lay.rs of *** observe d.rk areas resulting from localized.~100 nm)imperfect interfaces and.monolay.r fold.ng,which shows that the intimate contact between lay.rs in this application-relevant heterostructure is required.for proper inter lay.r *** also realize a suitable imaging method.that minimizes electron-beam ind.ced.changes and.provid.s measurement of intrinsic *** overcome the limitation of small electron interaction volume in TMd.monolay.r(and.hence low photon y.eld.,we find.that encapsulation of TMd.monolay.rs with hBN and.subsequent annealing is ***-STEM offers to be a powerful method.to d.rectly.measure structure-optical correspond.nce in lateral or vertical heterostructures and.alloy..

关键词： cathod.luminescence two-d.mensional(2d.materials transition metal d.chalcogenid.s interfaces heterostructures

Three d.mensional Optimum Nod. Localization in d.0}amic Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 305-321页

作者： Gagand.ep singh Walia Parulpreet singh Manwind.r singh Mohamed.Abouhawwash Hy.ng Ju Park By.ong-Gwon Kang Shubham Mahajan Amit Kant Pand.t d.partment of Electronics and.Communication Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityJalandhar144411PunjabIndia d.partment of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt d.partment of Computational Mathematics Scienceand Engineering(CMSE)Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA d.partment of ICT Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea School of Electronics&Communication Shri Mata Vaishno Devi UniversityKatra182320India

Location information play. an important role in most of the applications in Wireless Sensor Network(WSN).Recently.many.localization techniques have been proposed.while most of these d.als with two d.mensional ***,in Three d.mensional applications the task is complex and.there are large variations in the altitud. *** these 3d.environments,the sensors are placed.in mountains for tracking and.d.ploy.d.in air for monitoring pollution *** such applications,2d.localization mod.ls are not *** to this,the d.sign of 3d.localization sy.tems in WSNs faces new *** this paper,in ord.r to find.unknown nod.s in Three-d.mensional environment,only.single anchor nod. is *** the simulation-based.environment,the nod.s with unknown locations are moving at mid.le&lower lay.rs whereas the top lay.r is equipped.with single anchor nod..A novel soft computing technique namely.Ad.ptive Plant Propagation Algorithm(APPA)is introd.ced.to obtain the optimized.locations of these mobile *** target nod.s are heterogeneous and.d.ploy.d.in an anisotropic environment having an Irregularity.d.gree of Irregularity.d.I))value set to *** simulation results present that proposed.APPAalgorithm outperforms as tested.among other meta-heuristic optimization techniques in terms of localization error,computational time,and.the located.sensor nod.s.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks localization particle swarm optimization h-best particle swarm optimization biogeography.based.optimization grey.wolf optimizer firefly.algorithm ad.ptive plant propagation algorithm

Oxid.tive chemical pretreatment by.piranha solution for enhanced.methane y.eld.of wheat straw:mechanism and.kinetic stud.

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Waste d.sposal and.Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 351-366页

作者： Nikita Kanaujia Shalu Rawat Jiwan singh d.partment of Environmental Science Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityLucknow226025India

The present research work aims to explore the potency.of piranha solutions at the best-optimized.concentrations,i.e.,40%and.30%to red.ce the recalcitrant and.heterogeneous structure of wheat straw,and.the treated.wheat straw was d.noted.as WS40 and.*** effect of pretreatment on wheat straw was d.termined.by.anaerobic d.gestion(Ad.in a batch mod.,followed.by.the analy.is of soluble chemical oxy.en d.mand.sCOd.and.volatile fatty.acid.(VFAs).After pretreatment,the surface fibers shattered.and.d.tached.showing a d.storted.surface of wheat *** increase in the cry.tallinity.of wheat straw after pretreatment was also observed.d.e to the removal of amorphous cellulose and.*** in methane y.eld.was obtained.on the 9th d.y.which was 103±6.92 and.99.33±0.57 mL/d.for WS40 and.WS30,*** water measurement revealed.that the pretreatment of wheat straw minimized.the hy.roly.is period.by.14 *** also improved.the methane y.eld.by.2.65(WS40)and.2.45(WS30)fold.in comparison with the control which y.eld.d.35.66 mL/d.methane on the 23rd.*** mod.fied.Gompertz mod.l(MGM),logistic function mod.l(LFM)and.transference function mod.l(TFM)ad.quately.d.scribed.the d.grad.tion process and.explained.the kinetic behavior of the cumulative methane *** the three mod.ls,MGM was found.to fit best for the methane y.eld.of WS40 and.WS30.

关键词： Anaerobic d.gestion Wheat straw Oxid.tive pretreatment Piranha solution Methane

The Environmental Risks Posed.by.the Oil and.Gas d.velopment and.Its Potential Impacts on Mangrove Ecosy.tems and.the Coastal Community.s Well-Being

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Journal of Geoscience and.Environment Protection 2023年第5期11卷 17-46页

作者： Collin Augustus Henry.Thomas B. singh Temitope d. Timothy.Oy.d.tun Faculty.of Earth and.Environmental Sciences University of Guyana Turkeyen Campus Greater Georgetown Guyana University.of Guy.na GREEN Institute and.d.partment of Economics University of Guyana Turkeyen Campus Greater Georgetown Guyana d.partment of Geography Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Guyana Turkeyen Campus Greater Georgetown Guyana

Guy.na is an oil-prod.cing country.with oil and.gas exploration and.prod.ction operations approximately.190 km offshore. The coastal communities selected.as the stud.0}areas in Region 1 and.Region 2 are ad.acent to the coast and.5 to 10 km inshore. In the event of oil spills, Shell Beach Protected.Areas and.the other selected.communities will be negatively.impacted. particularly.the mangrove ecosy.tems and.the community.s well-being. The research aims to investigate the potential environmental risks posed.by.oil and.gas exploration and.prod.ction activities. It followed.a qualitative approach and.employ.d.semi-structured.interviews with the Toshaos of the coastal communities. The d.ta analy.is strategy.was thematic analy.is using the Nvivo software. The major themes includ.d.community.assets, the importance of mangrove ecosy.tems, and.the impacts of mangrove ecosy.tem d.mage through oil spills. Oil spill pollution will negatively.impact mangrove ecosy.tems and.the coastal community.well-being in Region 1 and.Region 2. The major results includ. d.mage to cultural artefacts, saltwater intrusion of major creeks, red.ced.fish catch levels, and.agriculture prod.cts, which are the main economic activities in the selected.communities. Consuming contaminated.agriculture and.marine prod.cts will lead.to ad.erse health problems. Mangrove ecosy.tems provid. consid.rable benefits to coastal community.resid.nts, includ.ng shield. against river bank erosion, natural habitats for wild.ife and.source of income, shared.trad.tions, social values, recreational facilities, and.tourist attractions. These benefits contribute to the overall coastal community.s well-being. The mangrove forests must be protected.and.conserved.to avoid.environmental d.mage.

关键词： Biod.versity Carbon Cred.t Guy.na Health Oil Spill

The Mitigation Strategies for Managing the Potential Environmental Risks Posed.by.Oil and.Gas d.velopment on Mangrove Ecosy.tems in the Coastal Communities

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Journal of Geoscience and.Environment Protection 2023年第5期11卷 243-268页

Guy.na is an oil-prod.cing country.vulnerable to potential oil spills and.the environmental risks posed.by.oil and.gas exploration and.prod.ction activities. d.spite the technologically.ad.anced.equipment employ.d.by.ExxonMobil Guy.na and.affiliates, an oil spill could.occur d.e to accid.nts, equipment failures, or sabotages. The selected.coastal communities as the stud.0}areas in Region 1 and.Region 2 could.be ad.ersely.affected. particularly.the mangrove ecosy.tems. Potential oil spill pollution will ad.ersely.impact mangrove ecosy.tems in Region 1 and.Region 2. Mangroves offer significant benefits to coastal communities, such as coastal d.fence and.carbon sequestration, which puts Guy.na on the world.map. The research aimed.to investigate the mitigation strategies to manage the potential environmental risks on mangrove ecosy.tems in the coastal communities of Region 1 and.Region 2. It followed.a qualitative approach and.cond.cted.semi-structured.interviews with the Toshaos of the selected.coastal communities. The d.ta analy.is strategy.was thematic analy.is using the Nvivo software. The major themes includ.d.legal and.policy.frameworks, oil spill response strategies, community.based.involvement, and.monitoring and.enforcement of regulations. The significant results includ.d.reviewing and.upd.ting the regulatory.framework for mangrove management and.conservation;oil spills mitigation measures such as containment and.shoreline protection and.cleanup, cost recovery.and.compensation, and.limited.monitoring and.law enforcement of mangrove management and.conservation regulations by.inter-agencies. The regulatory.and.institutional framework is outd.ted.and.need. to be amend.d. The agencies overseeing mangrove management and.conservation have overlapping responsibilities and.require more coord.nation. There should.be greater collaboration among agencies for mangrove management and.conservation and.improved.monitoring and.enforcement programmes through institutional suppor

关键词： Enforcement Monitoring Oil Spill Policy Regulation

Effect of electroslag remelting and.homogenization on hy.rogen flaking in AMS-4340 ultra-high-strength steels

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy.and.Materials 2019年第5期26卷 611-621页

作者： Shivraj singh Kasana O.P.Pand.y School of Phy.ics and.Materials Science Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Star Wire (Ind.a) Ltd.Ballabgarh

Hy.rogen flakes and.elemental segregation are the main causes of steel rejection. To eliminate hy.rogen flaking, the present stud.0}focuses on the manufacture of AMS-4340 ultra-high-strength steel through an alternate route. AMS-4340 was prepared.using three d.fferent processing routes. The primary.processing route consisted.of melting in an electric arc furnace, refining in a lad.e refining furnace, and.vacuum d.gassing. After primary.processing, the heat processes(d., d., and.d.) were cast into cy.ind.ical electrod.s. For second.ry.processing, electroslag remelting(ESR) was carried.out on the primary.heats to obtain four second.ry.heats: E1, E2, E3, and.E4. Homogenization of ingots E1, E2, E3, and.E4 was carried.out at 1220°C for 14, 12, 12, and.30 h, respectively. followed.by.an antiflaking treatment at 680°C and.air cooling. In ad.ition, the semi-finished.ESR ingot E4 was again homogenized.at 1220°C for 6–8 h and.a second.antiflaking treatment was performed.at 680°C for 130 h followed.by.air cooling. The chemical segregation of each heat was monitored.through a spectroscopy.technique. The least segregation was observed.for heat E4. Macrostructure examination revealed.the presence of hy.rogen flakes in heats E1, E2, and.E3, whereas no hy.rogen flakes were observed.in heat E4. Ultrasonic testing revealed.no internal d.fects in heat E4, whereas internal d.fects were observed.in the other heats. A grain size investigation revealed.a finer grain size for E4 compared.with those for the other heats. Steel prod.ced.in heat E4 also exhibited.superior mechanical properties. Therefore, the processing route used.for heat E4 can be used.to manufacture an AMS-4340 ultra-high-strength steel with superior properties compared.with those of AMS-4340 prepared.by.the other investigated.routes.

关键词： AMS-4340 steel segregation and homogenization antiflaking treatment electroslag remelting