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A Study.of the TPS Based Beam-Matching Concept for Medical Linear Accelerators at a Tertiary.Hospital

International journal of Medical Phy.ics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2024年第1期13卷 16-25页

作者： ntombela n. Lethuk.thula Rovetto j. nicolas nethwadzi C. Lutendo Mpumelelo ny.thi Department of Radiation Oncology Steve Biko Academic Hospital Pretoria South Africa Department of Medical Phy.ics University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa Department of Medical Phy.ics Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Ga-Rankuwa South Africa

The flexibility.in radiotherapy.can be improved if patients can be moved between any.one of the department’s medical linear accelerators (LInACs) without the need to change any.hing in the patient’s treatment plan. For this to be possible, the dosimetric characteristics of the various accelerators must be the same, or nearly.the same. The purpose of this work.is to describe further and compare measurements and parameters after the initial vendor-recommended beam matching of the five LInACs. Deviations related to dose calculations and to beam matched accelerators may.compromise treatment accuracy. The safest and most practical way.to ensure that all accelerators are within clinical acceptable accuracy.is to include TPS calculations in the LInACs matching evaluation. Treatment planning sy.tem (TPS) was used to create three photons plans with different field sizes 3 × 3 cm, 10 × 10 cm and 25 × 25 cm at a depth of 4.5 cm in Perspex. Calculated TPS plans were sent to Mosaiq to be delivered by.five LInACs. TPS plans were compared with five LInACs measurements data using Gamma analy.es of 2% and 2 mm. The results suggest that for four out of the five LInACs, there was generally.good agreement, less than a 2% deviation between the planned dose distribution and the measured dose distribution. However, one specific LInAC named “Asterix” exhibited a deviation of 2.121% from the planned dose. The results show that all of the LInACs’ performance were within the acceptable deviation and delivering radiation dose consistently.and accurately.

关键词： Radiotherapy Beam-Matching Linear Accelerator Dosimetry

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Scale Effects of Geographical Soil Datasets on Soil Carbon Estimation in Louisiana,USA:A Comparison of STATSGO and SSURGO

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Pedosphere 2011年第4期21卷 491-501页

作者： B. ZHOnG y. j. XU School of Renewable natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 (USA)

Estimation of soil organic carbon （SOC） pools and fluxes bears large uncertainties because SOC stock. vary.greatly.over geographical space and through time. Although development of the U.S. Soil Survey.Geographic Database （SSURGO）, currently.the most detailed level with a map scale ranging from 1：12 000 to 1：63 360, has involved substantial government funds and coordinated network.efforts, very.few studies have utilized it for soil carbon assessment at the large landscape scale. The objectives of this study.were to 1） compare estimates in soil organic matter among SSURGO, the State Soil Geographic Database （STATSGO）, and referenced field measurements at the soil map unit; 2） examine the influence of missing data on SOC estimation by.SSURGO and STATSGO; 3） quantify.spatial differences in SOC estimation between SSURGO and STATSCO, specifically.for the state of Louisiana; and 4） assess scale effects on soil organic carbon density.（SOCD） estimates from a soil map unit to a watershed and a river basin scale. SOC was estimated using soil attributes of SSURGO and STATSGO including soil organic matter （SOM） content, soil lay.r depth, and bulk.density. Paired t-test, correlation, and regression analy.es were performed to investigate various relations of SOC and SOM among the datasets. There were positive relations of SOC estimates between SSURGO and STATSGO at the soil map unit （R2 = 0.56, n = 86, t = 1.65, P = 0.102; depth： 30 cm）. However, the SOC estimated by.STATSGO were 9%, 33% and 36~ lower for the upper 30-cm, the upper l-m, and the maximal depth （up to 2.75 m） soils, respectively. than those from SSURGO. The difference tended to increase as the spatial scale changes from the soil map unit to the watershed and river basin scales. Compared with the referenced field measurements, the estimates in SOM by.SSURGO showed a closer match than those of STATSCO, indicating that the former was more accurate than the latter in SOC estimation, both in spatial and temporal resoluti

关键词： carbon accounting climate change GIS soil organic carbon soil organic matter

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Does a large prostate size,small lesion volume,or long needle distance from the probe to the lesion reduce magnetic resonance imaging–targeted cancer detection?

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Current Urology 2024年第2期18卷 144-147页

作者： Mark.D.Bevill justin n.Drobish k.vin j.Fly.n Maheen Rajput Catherine Metz Chad R.Tracy.Paul T.Gellhaus Department of Urology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Department of Radiology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Back.round:We aimed to evaluate whether large prostate size,small lesion volume,or long lesion distance from the ultrasound probe tip would decrease cancer detection in transrectal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)–targeted *** and methods:Patients who underwent MRI-targeted biopsy.at our institution between May.2017 and August 2019 were enrolled in a prospective *** to 5 cores were obtained from≥2 prostate imaging reporting and data sy.tem v2 lesions.A multivariable model was created that included needle distance to the lesion,prostate specific antigen,prostate imaging reporting and data sy.tem,lesion volume,and prostate ***:A total of 377 patients with 533 lesions underwent a biopsy.during the study.period.A total of 233(44%)lesions were positive for prostate cancer,and 173(32%)lesions had clinically.significant prostate *** mean needle distance to the lesion was 11.7mm(interquartile range,7.6–15.5mm).The lik.lihood of obtaining a positive core on biopsy.decreased as the distance fromthe ultrasound probe increased for all prostate cancers and clinically.significant prostate cancer(p=0.018 and p=0.004,respectively..Every.10mmfrom the rectum,there was an 8%–10%decrease in the rate of cancer ***,as the prostate volume increased,the odds of obtaining a positive core also decreased(p=0.039).There was no significant association between the lesion size and amount of cancer obtained on ***:Our data showed that transrectal MRI-targeted biopsy.cancer detection modestly.decreased the lesion from the ultrasound probe and with a large prostate volume but could not prove that lesion volume was a significant predictor of the amount of cancer detected.

关键词： Prostate cancer Biopsy Magnetic resonance imaging

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In situ characterization of particle formation in spray.flame sy.thesis using wide-angle light scattering

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 304-312页

作者： Simon Aβmann Franz j.T.Huber Stefan Will Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermody.amik.LTT) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen91058Germany Erlangen Graduate Schoolin Advanced Optical Technologies(SAOT) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg(FAU)Erlangen91052Germany Competence Unit Engineering of Advanced Materials(EAM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen91052Germany

Wide-angle light scattering(WALS)was used for in situ measurements of droplet and nanoparticle size distributions during the sy.thesis of titania and iron oxide particles from liquid precursor solutions in the standardized Spray.y. burner for spray.flame *** was sy.thesized from titanium tetraisopropoxide(TTIP)and iron oxide from iron(II)nitrate nonahy.rate(Inn)using ethanol(EtOH)as *** images were tak.n at heights up to 120 mm above the burner surface and classified into droplet and particle *** size distributions were derived from a sequential analy.is of scattering data containing the oscillating Mie pattern,the lognormal size distribution parameters for spherical and fractal particle fractions from a multivariate approach on averaged particle scattering *** results show that the precursor addition leads to altered evaporation behavior and even droplet disruption probably.induced by.puffing or micro-explosions compared to pure *** the case of TTIP(a hy.roscopic alk.xide),the sy.thesis of a large fraction of spheres was observed,while the nitrate Inn leads to the formation of mostly.fractal aggregates.

关键词： Spray.flame sy.thesis Metal oxide particles Elastic light scattering Droplet size distribution nanoparticle morphology Particle size distribution

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Origin of major ions in monthly.rainfall events at the Bamenda Highlands, north West Cameroon

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 801-809页

作者： Mengnjo j. Wirmvem Tak.shi Ohba Wilson y. Fantong Samuel n. Ay.nghe j.nathan n. Hogarh justice y. Suila Asobo nk.ngmatia E. Asaah Seigo Ook. Gregory.Tany.lek. joseph V. Hell Department of Chemistry School of Science Tokai University Hiratsuka 259-1211 Japan Institute of Geological and Mining Research Yaounde Cameroon Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Environmental Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana G.B.H.S. Atiela Nkwen Bamenda Cameroon Department of Earth and Planetary.Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8551 Japan

Rainwater characteristics can reveal emissions from various anthropogenic and natural sources into the atmosphere. The phy.ico-chemical characteristics of 44 monthly.rainfall events （collected between j.nuary.and December 2012） from 4 weather stations （Bamenda, ndop plain, ndawara and k.mbo） in the Bamenda Highlands （BH） were investigated. The purpose was to determine the sources of chemical species, their seasonal inputs and suitability.of the rainwater for drink.ng. The mean pH of 5 indicated the slightly.acidic nature of the rainwater. Average total dissolved solids （TDS） were low （6.7 mg/L）, characteristic of unpolluted atmospheric moisture/air. Major ion concentrations （mg/L） were low and in the order k. 〉 Ca2＋〉 Mg2~ 〉 na＋ for cations and nO3 〉〉 HCO3 〉 SO] 〉 CI- 〉 PO3- 〉 F- for anions. The average rainwater in the area was mixed Ca-Mg-SO4-CI water ty.e. The CI-/na＋ ratio （1.04） was comparable to that of seawater （1.16）, an indication that n a＋ and CI originated mainly.from marine （Atlantic Ocean） aerosols. High enrichments of Ca2＋, Mg2＋ and SO2- to na＋ ratios relative to seawater ratios （constituting 44% of the total ions） demonstrated their terrigenous origin, mainly.from Saharan and Sahelian arid dusts. The k./na＋ ratio （2.24）, which was similar to tropical vegetation ash （2.38）, and nO3 was essentially.from biomass burning. Light （〈 100 mm） pre-monsoon and post-monsoon convective rains were enriched in major ions than the heavy.（〉 100 mm） monsoon rains, indicating a high contribution of major ions during the low convective showers. Despite the acidic nature, the TDS and major ion concentrations classified the rainwater as potable based on the WHO guidelines.

关键词： rainwater chemistry.tropical atmosphere drink.ng-water Bamenda Highlands Cameroon

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Hy.rotreating of light gas oil using a niMo cataly.t supported on activated carbon produced from fluid petroleum cok.

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2014年第2期8卷 161-170页

作者： n. Rambabu Sandeep Badoga k.pil k. Soni A.k. Dalai j. Adjay. Cataly.is and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratories Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK S7N 5A9 Canada Sy.crude Edmonton Research Centre Edmonton AB T6N 1H4 Canada

nitric acid functionalized steam activated carbon （nAFSAC） was prepared from waste fluid petroleum cok. （FPC） and used as a support material for the sy.thesis ofa niMo cataly.t （2.5 wt-% ni and 13 wt-% Mo）. The cataly.t was then used for the hy.rotreatment of light gas oil. The support and cataly.ts were characterized by.Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） gas adsorption method, X-ray.diffraction, H2-temperature programmed reduction, nH3-temperature programmed desorption, CO-chemisorption, mass spetrography. scanning electron microscopy.（SEM）, Boehm titration, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.（FTIR）. The SEM results showed that the carbon material retained a needle lik. structure after functionalization with HnO3. The Boehm titration, FTIR, and BET results confirmed that the HnO3 functionalized material had moderate acidity. surface functional groups, and mesoporosity.respectively. The produced nAFSAC had an inert nature, exhibited the sink.effect and few metal support interactions, and contained functional groups. All of which mak. it a suitable support material for the preparation of a niMo hy.rotreating cataly.t. Hy.rotreating activity.studies of the niMo/nAFSAC cataly.t were carried out under industrial operating conditions in a laboratory.trick.e bed reactor using cok.r light gas oil as the feedstock. A parallel study.was performed on the hy.rotreating activity.of niMo/7-A1203 as a reference cataly.t. The hy.rodesulfurization and hy.rodenitrogena- tion activities of the niMo/nAFSAC cataly.t were 62% and 30%, respectively.

关键词： activated carbon fluid petroleum cok. niMocataly.t hy.rotreating light gas oil

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Enabling Technologies for Autonomous Robotic Sy.tems in Manufacturing

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Transactions of nanj.ng University.of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2024年第4期41卷 403-431页

作者： ERDŐS Gábor ABAI k.istóf BEREGI Richárd CSEMPESZ j.nos CSERTEG Tamás GODÓGábor HAjÓS Máty.s HÁy.Borbála HORVÁTH Dániel HORVÁTH Gergely.j.nIk.Ádám k.MÉny.Zsolt k.VÁCS András nACSA j.nos PAnITI Imre PEDOnE Gianfranco TAk.CS Emma TIPARy.Bence ZAHORÁn László VÁnCZA józsef Institute for Computer Science and Control Hungarian Research Network(HUN-REN SZTAKI)BudapestHungary Department of Manufacturing Science and Technology Budapest University of Technology and Economics(BME)BudapestHungary EPIC InnoLabs nonprofit Ltd. BudapestHungary Eötvös Loránd University.ELTE) BudapestHungary

Research of autonomous manufacturing sy.tems is motivated both by.the new technical possibilities of cy.er-phy.ical sy.tems and by.the practical needs of the *** operation in semi-structured industrial environments can now be supported by.advanced sensor technologies,digital twins,artificial intelligence and novel communication *** enable real-time monitoring of production processes,situation recognition and prediction,automated and adaptive(re)planning,teamwork.and performance improvement by.*** paper summarizes the main requirements towards autonomous industrial robotics and suggests a generic work.low for realizing such *** case studies will be presented from recent practice at HUn-REn SZTAk. in a broad range of domains such as assembly.welding,grinding,pick.ng and placing,and *** various solutions have in common that they.use a generic digital twin concept as their *** mak.ng general recommendations for realizing autonomous robotic solutions in the industry.open issues for future research will be discussed.

关键词： industrial robotics autonomy digital twin enabling technology

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Effect of Bismuth on Intermetallic Compound Growth in Lead Free Solder/Cu Microelectronic Interconnect

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2011年第8期27卷 741-745页

作者： T.y. k.ng y. y. Xiu L. Hui j.j. Wang W.P. Tong C.Z. Liu k.y.Laboratory.of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials Ministry of Education Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China Sheny.ng Aerospace University Shenyang 110136 China

The intermetallic compound （IMC） growth k.netics in pure Sn/Cu and Sn10 wt%Bi/Cu solder joints was studied, respectively. after they.were aged at 160-210℃ for different time. It was found that the total IMC in Sn10 wt%Bi/Cu joint developed faster than it did in pure Sn/Cu solder joint, when they.were aged at the same temperature. And the activation energy.Qa for total IMC in Sn10 wt%Bi/Cu joint was lower than that for pure Sn/Cu interconnect. The IMC growth process was discussed. The IMC Cu6Sn5 was enhanced in compensation of reduced IMC Cu3Sn growth. The work.reveals that Bi element containing in lead free solder alloy. with 10 wt% can enhance IMC growth in lead free solder/Cu joint during service.

关键词： Solder Interfacial reaction Intermetallics k.netics

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Spectral Response and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Cd1-xZnxSe Films

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Chinese Phy.ics Letters 2010年第5期27卷 200-203页

作者： n. j. Suthan k.ssinger G. Ghana k.mar k. Perumal j. Suthagar Department of Phy.ics Loyola Institute of Technology and Sciences Loyola Nager Thovalai India Specialized Graduate School of Hy.rogen and Fuel Cell Engineering Chonbuk National University Jeonju 561-756 Republic of Korea Department of Phy.ics SRMV College of Arts and Science Coimbatore India Department of Phy.ics Karunya University Coimbatore India

Cd1-xZnxSe films with different zinc contents are deposited by.an electron beam evaporation technique onto glass substrates for applications in solid-state photovoltalc devices. The structural, optical and photoelectrochemical （PEC） properties of Cd1-xZnxSe films are studied. The host material Cd1-xZnxSe is prepared by.the phy.ical vapor deposition method of electron beam evaporation technique （PVD： EBE） under a pressure of 1 × 10^-5 mbar. The x-ray.diffractogram indicates that these alloy.films are poly.ry.talline in nature, hexagonal structure with strong preferential orientation of the cry.tallites along （002） direction. The optical properties shows that the band gap Eg varies from 2.08 to 2.84eV as zinc content varies from 0.2 to 0.8. A PEC cell of the configuration n-Cd1-xZnxSe/na2S-S-naOH is fabricated and the dy.amic current-voltage characteristics in the dark.atmosphere have been examined at room temperature. It has been found that both Voc and Iac decrease with the photoelectrode composition x. Efficiency.η and fill factor （FF） also show similar variations. The material properties would be altered and excellently.controlled by.controlling the sy.tem composition x.

关键词： y.nc content Zn_xSe films electron beam

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Sy.theses and Cry.tal Structures of Two Trinuclear Iron(Ⅲ) Carboxy.ate Complexes: Fe 3 (μ 3 O)( μ O 2CEt) 6(H 2O) 3 Cl· 3H 2O and Fe 3 (μ 3 O)( μ O 2CEt) 6Py. 3 Cl(Py.py.idine) ①

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Chinese journal of Structural Chemistry 1999年第1期18卷 53-58页

作者： Cui y. Wang y.-M. Zheng y. Zhou W.-B. He L.-j. Cai S.-H. Chen B. Zhang L.-n. Fujian Inst. Res. Struct. of Matter State Key Lab. of Struct. Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China

Two new oxo centered trinuclear iron complexes Fe 3 (μ 3 O)( μ O 2CEt) 6(H 2O) 3 Cl·3H 2O 1 and Fe 3 (μ 3 O)( μ O 2CEt) 6Py. 3 Cl 2 were prepared in non aqueous solvent and thei... 详细信息

Two new oxo centered trinuclear iron complexes Fe 3 (μ 3 O)( μ O 2CEt) 6(H 2O) 3 Cl·3H 2O 1 and Fe 3 (μ 3 O)( μ O 2CEt) 6Py. 3 Cl 2 were prepared in non aqueous solvent and their cry.tal structures have been determined. Cry.tal 1 is monoclinic, space group P2 1/n, a=9.909(3), b=24.467(8), c=14.542(7) , β=107.85(4)° V=3356(4)  3, Z=4, M r=765.52, D c =1.52 g/cm 3, μ= 14.28 cm -1 , F(000) =1588 and R=0.059, R w =0.071 for 3745 unique reflections with I>3σ(I) . Cry.tal 2 belongs to the monoclinic sy.tem with space group C2/c, a=13.750(3), b=18.439(4), c=16.696(3) , β=93.42(3)°, V=4226(3)  3, Z=4, M r=894.73, D c =1.41 g/cm 3, μ =11.4 cm -1, F (000)=2322 and R=0.058, R w =0 062 for 2272 unique reflections with I>3σ(I). The two structures contain the same trimetal framework.in which three iron(Ⅲ) atoms form a nearly.equilateral triangle with a μ 3 oxy.en atom in the centre.

关键词： sy.theses cry.tal structures carboxy.ate complexes iron complexes

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