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Human Expansion-Induced Biodiversity Crisis over Asia from 2000 to 2020

Research 2024年第2期2023卷 647-658页

作者： Chao Yang Qingquan Li xuqing wang Aihong Cui Junyi Chen Huizeng Liu Wei Ma Xuanyan Dong Tiezhu Shi Fanyi Meng Xiaohu Yan Kai Ding Guofeng Wu MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area&Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics&Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Architecture and Urban Planning Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy(SZ) Shenzhen 518107China Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology China Geological SurveyBaoding 071051China Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077China Faculty of Land Resource Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China institute for Advanced Study and Tiandu-Shenzhen University Deep Space Joint Laboratory Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Civil Engineering Chongqing Jjiaotong UniversityChongging 400074China Department of Cil and Environmental Engineering Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8579Japan School of Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen PolytechnicShenzhen 518055China School of Computer Science and Technology Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523419China

Asia stands out as a priority for urgent biodiversity conservation due to its large protected areas(PAs)and threatened *** the 21st century,both the highlands and lowlands of Asia have been experiencing the dramatic human ***,the threat degree of human expansion to biodiversity is poorly ***,the threat degree of human expansion to biodiversity over 2000 to 2020 in Asia at the continental(Asia),national(48 Asian countries),and hotspot(6,502 Asian terrestrial PAs established before 2000)scales is investigated by integrating multiple large-scale *** results show that human expansion poses widespread threat to biodiversity in Asia,especially in Southeast Asia,with Malaysia,Cambodia,and Vietnam having the largest threat degrees(~1.5 to 1.7 times of the Asian average level).Human expansion in highlands induces higher threats to biodiversity than that in lowlands in one-third Asian countries(most Southeast Asian countries).The regions with threats to biodiversity are present in~75%terrestrial PAs(including 4,866 PAs in 26 countries),and human expansion in PAs triggers higher threat degrees to biodiversity than that in *** findings provide novel insight for the Sustainable Development Goal 15(SDG-15 Life on Land)and suggest that human expansion in Southeast Asian countries and PAs might hinder the realization of *** reduce the threat degree,Asian developing countries should accelerate economic transformation,and the developed countries in the world should reduce the demands for commodity trade in Southeast Asian countries(i.e.,trade leading to the loss of wildlife habitats)to alleviate human expansion,especially in PAs and highlands.

关键词： Human terrestrial integrating

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我们该如何谈论音乐结构?——音乐结构、结构生成与结构分析的当代思辨

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中国音乐 2024年第1期 29-36,49页

作者：王旭青上海音乐学院

现代性从多个层面“激化”并“生发”了“新音乐”结构的问题性:从内部来看,影响音乐结构力的核心元素发生嬉变;从“间性”来看,各种文化相遇、碰撞对音乐结构生成的渗透与影响;从外部来看,创作观念、表达意图、文化心理与音乐结构之间... 详细信息

现代性从多个层面“激化”并“生发”了“新音乐”结构的问题性:从内部来看,影响音乐结构力的核心元素发生嬉变;从“间性”来看,各种文化相遇、碰撞对音乐结构生成的渗透与影响;从外部来看,创作观念、表达意图、文化心理与音乐结构之间的转换,尤为突出,相互之间既抗衡又包容。这些“内”“间”“外”都对今天我们如何得当地谈论音乐结构以及结构分析带来深远的影响。与传统结构分析相比,音乐分析的当代意义在于对音乐形式分析的必要坚持,探究音乐文本的各种结构要素及其功能,满足于音乐语言整体性“静态结构”分析的同时,需发挥“学科间性合力”,以此拓展结构分析的边界,获取更大的音乐理论空间。

关键词：音乐结构结构生成结构分析

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学做母亲:返乡青年女性的母职策略与身份重构

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社会发展研究 2024年第1期11卷 183-202,M0006,M0007页

作者：王旭清西安交通大学人文社会科学学院

本文基于在中西部县域的田野调查,通过家庭主义理论的视角分析农村返乡女性的母职策略与身份重构问题。研究发现,农村返乡女性经历了从“流动的母职”到“陪读的母职”的转变。同样是实践更加现代化的教养模式,与城市中产阶层女性不同,... 详细信息

本文基于在中西部县域的田野调查,通过家庭主义理论的视角分析农村返乡女性的母职策略与身份重构问题。研究发现,农村返乡女性经历了从“流动的母职”到“陪读的母职”的转变。同样是实践更加现代化的教养模式,与城市中产阶层女性不同,农村返乡女性需要通过自我坚持的策略争取抚育权责,通过协调策略获得资源保障,通过情感策略重建亲子关联。而在重新“学做母亲”的过程中,农村返乡女性积极融入家庭,从责任意识、身份认知、生活秩序与亲职能力四个层面完成对母亲身份的重构,成为“奉献型母亲”。这意味着,第一,农村女性在学会做母亲的过程中,重新将自我认同建立在了母亲角色上,由此完成自我实现。第二,农村家庭正在围绕亲子轴形成亲子一体的新家庭秩序,纵向的代际伦理或许正在革新中被延续。农村女性及农村家庭的内在变革值得被持续关注。

关键词：农村返乡青年女性母职策略身份认同新家庭主义

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涉氢环境及其对高温合金的影响:评述--面向航空发动机潜在应用

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航空材料学报 2024年第2期44卷 13-30页

作者：郑亮李周王旭青张国庆中国航发北京航空材料研究院先进高温结构材料重点实验室北京100095

随着“双碳”目标的提出,氢作为绿色清洁能源成为未来航空业发展的重要趋势,近年来氢燃料航空发动机备受关注。高温合金是当前燃气涡轮发动机热端部件中应用最广泛的材料,本文综述现有其他领域涉氢环境对合金的影响,为未来氢燃料航空发... 详细信息

随着“双碳”目标的提出,氢作为绿色清洁能源成为未来航空业发展的重要趋势,近年来氢燃料航空发动机备受关注。高温合金是当前燃气涡轮发动机热端部件中应用最广泛的材料,本文综述现有其他领域涉氢环境对合金的影响,为未来氢燃料航空发动机用高温合金研制和应用提供参考。对内/外氢环境的引入、渗(充)氢方法、氢浓度/氢分布特征及氢稳定存在温度的测量、氢对拉伸、蠕变/持久和疲劳性能的影响以及氢脆的断裂机理进行分述,总结不同成分、制备工艺、原始组织状态、合金化程度以及不同应用领域高温合金在涉氢环境下的力学性能退化因素。结果表明,外氢环境下比内氢环境下力学性能下降更快;合金化程度更高的高温合金氢脆更明显,而高温氢环境下合金性能损伤(蠕变/持久、疲劳和拉伸)倾向较室温明显降低。就燃氢涡轮动力用高温合金在涉氢环境下的力学性能评价及适氢环境高温合金的研制进行展望。燃氢涡轮航空发动机可能面临的涉氢工作环境包括:液氢存储的低温氢环境;用于通道冷却的氢环境;经过气体压缩的高温高压氢环境;以及燃烧产物-高温水蒸气(高温潮湿)环境的影响。重点应关注氢在高温合金中的扩散和渗透、高温合金在高压氢环境下的脆性和腐蚀、高温潮湿环境下氧化和腐蚀行为以及上述多重耦合环境下合金和涂层的退化和防护机制。针对燃氢涡轮发动机工作环境,需要搭建近服役条件的高温合金燃氢环境实验装置,开展燃氢环境对高温合金及零部件的影响研究,建立现役叶片和盘件等热端部件关键用材在涉氢环境中的力学性能数据库和相关标准,并在此基础上适时研发适用于燃氢环境使用的高温结构材料,为氢燃料燃气涡轮航空发动机的应用提供支持。

关键词：高温合金氢燃料燃气涡轮航空发动机氢致力学性能退化氢分布 TiAl合金氢脆指数

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不同结对编程策略对小学生学习效果影响的比较研究

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现代基础教育研究 2024年第1期53卷 157-165页

作者：王旭卿黄琼梅上海师范大学信息与机电工程学院上海200234 海口市海景学校海南海口570208

结对编程是一种以协作方式学习编程的教学策略,该研究将结对编程与单独编程相结合,构成混合结对编程策略,采用准实验研究法,从编程总评成绩、结对融洽度、结对互动话语等方面,探究混合结对编程和常规结对编程两种策略对小学生学习编程... 详细信息

结对编程是一种以协作方式学习编程的教学策略,该研究将结对编程与单独编程相结合,构成混合结对编程策略,采用准实验研究法,从编程总评成绩、结对融洽度、结对互动话语等方面,探究混合结对编程和常规结对编程两种策略对小学生学习编程效果影响的差异。实验结果表明,混合结对编程策略能够增进结对伙伴之间的融洽度,促进学生之间的积极互动,提高小学生的编程能力。教师应正确认识结对编程与单独编程的价值,通过组合应用,提高编程教学实效。

关键词：混合结对编程策略常规结对编程策略结对融洽度结对互动

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热挤压态FGH95合金热变形特性

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粉末冶金技术 2024年第1期42卷 36-44页

作者：段继平唐湘林盛俊英彭子超王旭青邹金文中国航发北京航空材料研究院北京100095 陆军装备部航空军事代表局驻株洲地区航空军事代表室株洲412002 中国航发南方工业有限公司株洲412002

采用Gleeble 3800D热模拟压缩试验机系统地研究了挤压态FGH95合金在变形温度1050~1120℃、应变速率0.001~1.000 s^(−1)条件下的热压缩变形行为,获得了挤压态FGH95合金的应力应变曲线,建立了挤压态FGH95合金的本构方程,并基于动态材料模... 详细信息

采用Gleeble 3800D热模拟压缩试验机系统地研究了挤压态FGH95合金在变形温度1050~1120℃、应变速率0.001~1.000 s^(−1)条件下的热压缩变形行为,获得了挤压态FGH95合金的应力应变曲线,建立了挤压态FGH95合金的本构方程,并基于动态材料模型,绘制了合金的热加工图。结果表明,挤压态FGH95合金的热变形本构方程高温材料常数分别为热变形激活能Q=300.925 kJ·mol^(−1),常数α=0.01139 MPa−1,参数n=1.86。相较于热等静压态,挤压态合金激活能下降50%以上。根据热加工图能量耗散效率并结合微观组织分析,找到了挤压态FGH95合金的加工安全区和失稳区,提出了热加工工艺参数范围:应变速率为0.010~0.100 s^(−1),变形温度为1050~1120℃。

关键词：粉末高温合金热压缩变形本构方程热加工图

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Influence of γ' precipitate on deformation and fracture during creep in PM nickel-based superalloy

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2021年第2期31卷 303-309页

作者： Zichao Peng Jinwen Zou Jie Yang Gaofeng Tian xuqing wang Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory Beijing Institute of Aeronautical MaterialsAECC

FGH96 is a powder metallurgy nickel based superally used for turbine disk of aero-engines. In the present study FGH96 alloy with four different γ' precipitate microstructures were produced via solution heat-treatment with different cooling rates, and the maximum cooling rate reached 400°C/min which was a super cooling rate for Nickel-based superalloy. The creep tests were conducted for PM FGH96 alloy under the testing condition of 704°C and 690 MPa. The relationship between the creep properties and the distribution of γ' precipitate was established. The creep mechanism was analyzed by using TEM and ACTEM, and the dislocation movement was studied at the atomic scale. The creep strain rate was calculated through a physically based crystal slip model established based on crystal plasticity. The calculated results were consistent with the test ones, illustrating the validity of the model. The fracture mechanism was also investigated, and the results showed that the creep cracks generated on the surface due to the oxidation. It was observed that the cracks propagated in different ways depending on the different average diameters of γ' precipitate. With the decrease of the average γ' precipitate size,the critical shearing stress increased and the resistance of the dislocation slipping increased. The fracture mechanism for the primary stage transformed from intragranular to intergranular due to the change of dislocation slipping.

关键词： PM FGH96 superalloy Microtwinning γ′ precipitate Fracture mechanism Physically-based creep model

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Deformation mechanism and quantitative characterization of Al2O3 inclusions in powder metallurgy superalloys

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2022年第4期32卷 482-489页

作者： Yefei Feng Fangzheng Ding Qiqiang Duan Jinwen Zou Xiaoming Zhou Yongwang Kang xuqing wang Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory AEEC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Institute of Metals Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

By means of implanting inclusions artificially, the evolution law of three-dimensional morphology and size of Al2O3inclusions in FGH96 powder metallurgy(PM) superalloy during hot iso-static pressing(HIP), hot extrusion(HEX) and hot isothermal forging(HIF) process was investigated by SEM and quasi in situ Micronano-CT. The size change of inclusions during different stages was studied quantitatively, the three-dimensional(3D) morphology of the inclusions was characterized, and the deformation mechanism was proposed. The results showed that the inclusions in powder stage were long stripe or plate-like shape. During HIP, Al2O3inclusions were mechanically bonded to the alloy matrix, and its chemical composition, morphology and size remained unchanged. During HEX,Al2O3inclusions were broken and elongated into chain shape due to shear stress. The quantitative relationship between inclusion size after extrusion and extrusion ratio as well as original inclusion size was established. During HIF, the relationship between 3D morphology, size, orientation and deformation of a single inclusion during forging compression was quantitatively characterized by quasi in-situ micronano-CT for the first time. The above evolution law provides theoretical basis and technical support for improving the purity level of powder turbine disk.

关键词： Powder metallurgy superalloy Single inclusion Deformation mechanism Quantitative characterization Micronano-CT

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The changes in soil organic carbon stock and quality across a subalpine forest successional series

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 423-433页

作者： Fei Li Zhihui wang Jianfeng Hou xuqing Li Dan wang Wanqin Yang Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation School of Life SciencesTaizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China Linhai Station of Zhejiang Provincial Forest Ecological Research Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China Taizhou Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Special Industry Cultivation Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia

Soil organic carbon(SOC)affects the function of terrestrial ecosystem and plays a vital role in global carbon ***,large uncertainty still existed regarding the changes in SOC stock and quality with forest ***,the stock and quality of SOC at 1-m soil profile were investigated across a subalpine forest series,including shrub,deciduous broad-leaved forest,broadleaf-conifer mixed forest,middle-age coniferous forest and mature coniferous forest,which located at southeast of Tibetan *** results showed that SOC stock ranged from 9.8 to29.9 kg·m^(-2),and exhibited a hump-shaped response pattern across the forest successional *** highest and lowest SOC stock was observed in the mixed forest and shrub forest,*** SOC stock had no significant relationships with soil temperature and litter stock,but was positively correlated with wood debris ***,the average percentages of polysaccharides,lignins,aromatics and aliphatics based on FTIR spectroscopy were 79.89%,0.94%,18.87%and 0.29%,***,the percentage of polysaccharides exhibited an increasing pattern across the forest successional series except for the sudden decreasing in the mixed forest,while the proportions of lignins,aromatics and aliphatics exhibited a decreasing pattern across the forest successional series except for the sudden increasing in the mixed ***,the humification indices(HIs)were highest in the mixed forest compared to the other four successional stages,which means that the SOC quality in mixed forest was worse than other successional *** addition,the SOC stock,recalcitrant fractions and HIs decreased with increasing soil depth,while the polysaccharides exhibited an increasing *** findings demonstrate that the mixed forest had higher SOC stock and worse SOC quality than other successional *** high proportion of SOC stock(66%at depth of 20-100 cm)and better SOC quality(lower HIs)indicate that deep s

关键词： Forest successional series Soil organic cubon stock Molecular composition Humification indices Soil organic carbon quality

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弦乐四重奏《终南山怀远》中的时空观念与音乐叙事逻辑

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中国音乐学 2022年第2期2卷 109-116页

作者：王旭青上海音乐学院音乐学系杭州师范大学

根据贾达群有关创作的相关论著,可知他是自觉地以“结构诗学”这一创作法则来指引其音乐创作。他的创作理论以“材料(最为核心和重要的结构元素)—程序(材料在叙事过程中的变化和发展)—结构(材料在变化和发展过程中形成的逻辑形式)”... 详细信息

根据贾达群有关创作的相关论著,可知他是自觉地以“结构诗学”这一创作法则来指引其音乐创作。他的创作理论以“材料(最为核心和重要的结构元素)—程序(材料在叙事过程中的变化和发展)—结构(材料在变化和发展过程中形成的逻辑形式)”为方法论,一定程度上借助他者文化来寻找进入音乐形式本身的方式,进而实现“音乐作为一种表达艺术”的创作观念与目标。这种创作法则与观念也同样在其近年创作的第三弦乐四重奏《终南山怀远》中体现。《终南山怀远》借助唐代诗人王维系列诗歌表层文本的叙事,寻找到潜文本甚至更大范围(诗歌与音乐统一体)内叙事结构存在的修辞功能,在音乐时空的历时展开与共时组织的呈现中,将音乐结构与诗词叙事结构相互映射,创造出复杂的、多元的意象。

关键词：《终南山怀远》音乐叙事音乐修辞

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