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Open-Shell Oligomers and Polymers: Theory, Characterization Methods, Molecular Design, and Applications

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 417-436页

作者： xue-qing Wang Cheng Song Ting Lei Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China

Open-shell oligomers and polymers have exhibited intriguing electronic and magnetic properties, making them highly desirable for a wide range of applications, including ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), photodetectors, organic thermoelectrics, and spintronics. Although open-shell ground states have been observed in certain small molecules and doped organic semiconductors, the exploration of open-shell ground-state conjugated polymers is still limited, and the strategies for designing these polymers remain obscure. This review aims to briefly introduce the theory and characterization methods of open-shell conjugated polymers, along with an overview of recent progress and applications. The objective is to stimulate further advancements and investigations in this promising area by shedding light on the potential of open-shell conjugated polymers and the challenges that lie ahead.

关键词： Conjugated polymers Open-shell molecules High-spin ground state Donor-acceptor(D-A)polymers Optoelectronic and magnetic properties

All types of base conversions allowed by base editors

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 431-433页

作者： Shun-qing Liang Wen xue RNA Therapeutics Institute UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcester 01655USA Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer BiologyUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcester 01655USA Department of Molecular Medicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcester 01655USA Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcester 01655USA

Base editors(BEs) hold great promise as tools for introducing single-base-pair changes in both basic research and therapeutic applications(Rees and Liu,2018).Base editors are composed of a Cas9 nickase fused to a DNA-modifying enzyme,which chemically modifies nucleobases within a specific targeting window near the Cas9-binding site.

关键词： base bases allowed

Radical synthesis of tetrameric lignin model compound

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第8期26卷 980-982页

作者： Xin-Ping Ouyang Yun Yang Guo-Dian Zhu xue-qing qiu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology

The lack of suitable lignin model compound limits the understanding of the characteristics of lignin, and hence hinders the efficient utilization of this kind of bioresource. A tetramer phenolic lignin model compound composed of 5-5, α-O-4 and β-5 linkages was prepared by a two-step of free radical reaction with hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase and S2O8^2- /Fe^2＋ as the initiator. Compared with enzymatic process, this synthetic process gives a higher yield of 33.8% within a shorter time. HRMS and ^13C NMR spectroscopy show that synthesized model compound contains phenylpropane structure linked by 5-5, α-O-4 and β-5 bonds, which can mimic some chemical characteristics of lignin.

关键词： lignin initiator shorter bonds reserved mimic peroxidase peroxide phenolic acetone

Synthesis of a trimeric lignin model compound composed of a-O-4 and b-O-4 linkages under microwave irradiation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2013年第12期24卷 1091-1094页

作者： Xin-Ping Ouyang Chun-Lei Liu Yu-Xia Pang xue-qing qiu School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology

A trimeric lignin model compound composed of α-O-4 and β-O-4 linkages was prepared by the microwave-assisted synthesis, which consisted of three steps：（a） the synthesis of 3-methoxy-4- benzyloxyacetophenone （2） from acetovanillone （1）, （b） the bromination of compound 2 to produce 3- methoxy-4-benzyloxy-α-bromoacetophenone （3）, and （c） followed by a nucleophilic substitution of compound （3） to obtain 3-methoxy-4-benzyloxy-α-（3-methoxy-4-（1-propenyl）phenol）-acetophenone （4）. The target product was characterized by MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the trimeric compound synthesized can be used as a preferable lignin model compound because it contains guaiacyl structural unit （3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenyl propane） linked by α-O-4 and β-O-4 linkages. In addition, under the conditions of microwave irradiation, the reaction time of each step is significantly reduced, and the selectivity of target product is greatly improved. The yields of each step and the overall sequence are 95.31%. 87.3%. 90.6% and 75.4% （95.31%× 87.3% × 90.6%）. respectively.

关键词： Lignin Microwave irradiation Model compound Synthesis

Significantly Enhanced Energy Storage Performances of PEI-based Composites Utilizing Surface Functionalized ZrO_(2) Nanoparticles for High-Temperature Application

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第3期42卷 322-332,I0006页

作者： qing-qing Liu qiu-Hao Lin Xiao-Dong Qi Nan Zhang Ting Huang Jing-Hui Yang Yong Wang School of Chemistry Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education of ChinaSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

Polymer dielectrics with a high energy density and an available energy storage capacity have been playing an important role in advanced electronics and power systems. Nevertheless, the use of polymer dielectrics in harsh environments is limited by their low energy density at high temperatures. Herein, zirconium dioxide(ZrO_(2)) nanoparticles were decorated with amino group utilizing 4,4-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate)(AMEO) and successfully incorporated into polyetherimide(PEI) matrix. The dielectric properties, breakdown strength, and energy storage performances of PEI/ZrO_(2)-AMEO nanocomposites were investigated from 25 ℃ to 150 ℃. It is found that the combination of moderate bandgap ZrO_(2) with modest dielectric constant and polar groups at interface with deep trap can offer an available strategy to simultaneously increase the dielectric constant and breakdown strength of polymer dielectrics. As a result, the composites containing ZrO_(2)-AMEO exhibit excellent energy storage performance at elevated temperatures. Specially, the PEI-based composites with 3 vol% ZrO_(2)-AMEO display a maximum discharged energy density(U_(d)) of 3.1 J/cm^(3) at 150 ℃, presenting 90% higher than that of neat PEI. This study may help to better develop the polymer-based dielectric composite applied at elevated temperatures.

关键词： Polyetherimide High temperature dielectric ZrO_(2) Interface

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio:Markers predicting immune-checkpoint inhibitor efficacy and immune-related adverse events

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 577-582页

作者： qiu-Yu Jiang Ru-Yi xue Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Zhongshan HospitalShanghai Institute of Liver DiseaseFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Shanghai Baoshan District Wusong Central Hospital(Zhongshan Hospital Wusong BranchFudan University)Shanghai 200940China

We conducted a comprehensive review of existing prediction models pertaining to the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)and the occurrence of immune-related adverse events(irAEs).The predictive potential of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)in determining ICI effectiveness has been extensively investigated,while limited research has been conducted on predicting ***,the combined model incor-porating NLR and PLR,either with each other or in conjunction with additional markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen,exhibits superior predictive capabilities compared to individual markers *** and PLR are promising markers for clinical *** models ought to incorporate established efficacious models and newly identified ones,thereby constituting a multifactor composite ***,efforts should be made to explore effective clinical application approaches that enhance the predictive accuracy and efficiency.

关键词： Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio Immunecheckpoint inhibitor Immune-related adverse event

Role of ferroptosis in fibrosis:From mechanism to potential therapy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第7期137卷 806-817页

作者： xuemeng qiu qing Bi Jiyue Wu Zejia Sun Wei Wang Department of Urology Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020China Department of Surgery Third Clinical Medical CollegeCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020China Urinary and Nephropathy Center Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020China Institute of Urology Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020China

Fibrosis,which is a manifestation of the physiological response to injury characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components,is a ubiquitous outcome of the repair ***,in cases of repetitive or severe injury,fibrosis may become dysregulated,leading to a pathological state and organ *** recent years,a novel form of regulated cell death,referred to as ferroptosis,has been identified as a possible contributor to fibrosis;it is characterized by iron-mediated lipid *** has garnered attention due to the growing body of evidence linking ferroptosis and fibrogenesis,which is believed to be driven by underlying inflammation and immune *** the increasing interest in the relationship between ferroptosis and fibrosis,a comprehensive understanding of the precise role that ferroptosis plays in the formation of fibrotic tissue remains *** review seeks to synthesize previous research related to the *** categorized the different direct and indirect mechanisms by which ferroptosis may contribute to fibrosis into three categories:(1)iron overload toxicity;(2)ferroptosis-evoked necroinflammation,with a focus on ferroptosis and macrophage interplay;and(3)ferroptosis-associated pro-fibrotic factors and ***,the review considers the potential implications of these findings and highlights the utilization of ferroptosis-targeted therapies as a promising strategy for mitigating the progression of *** conclusion,novel anti-fibrotic treatments targeting ferroptosis could be an effective treatment for fibrosis.

关键词： Ferroptosis Fibrosis Anti-fibrotic Iron metabolism Necroinflammation Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Insights into the role of oxygen-containing functional groups on carbon surface in water–electricity generation

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6645-6653页

作者： Wan xue Zongbin Zhao Honghui Bi Bolun Zhang Xuzhen Wang Jieshan qiu State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Liaoning Key Laboratory for Energy Materials and Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Liaoning Key Laboratory for Energy Materials and Chemical EngineeringSchool of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

A deep understanding of the electricity generation mechanism from the interaction between water molecules and carbon material surfaces is attractive for next-generation water-based energy conversion and storage ***,an asymmetric generator was assembled based on functionalized carbon nanotubes films to investigate the relative contribution from various oxygen functional groups on carbon surface to the water-electrical *** and calculations demonstrate that the electricity mainly originates from the water molecule adsorption by carboxyl groups and dissociation of functional groups on carbon surface,which leads to the formation of electrical double layers at *** device allows the electricity generation with a variety of water sources,such as deionized water,tap water,as well as *** particular,the generator based on carboxyl carbon nanotubes can induce a voltage of over 200 mV spontaneously in natural seawater with the power density of about 0.11 mW·g^(−1).High voltages can be achieved easily through the series-connection strategy to power electronic products such as a liquid crystal *** work reveals the dominant role of carboxyl groups in carbon-based water–electricity conversion and is expected to offer inspiration for the preparation of carbon materials with high electrical performance.

关键词： electricity generation water adsorption dissociation carboxyl groups carbon nanotubes

Personal Thermal Management by Radiative Cooling and Heating

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 225-267页

作者： Shidong xue Guanghan Huang qing Chen Xungai Wang Jintu Fan Dahua Shou School of Fashion and Textiles The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China Future Intelligent Wear Centre The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China Shanghai International Fashion Innovation Center Donghua UniversityShanghai 200051People’s Republic of China Research Centre of Textiles for Future Fashion The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China

Maintaining thermal comfort within the human body is crucial for optimal health and overall *** merely broadening the setpoint of indoor temperatures,we could significantly slash energy usage in building heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning *** recent years,there has been a surge in advancements in personal thermal management(PTM),aiming to regulate heat and moisture transfer within our immediate surroundings,clothing,and *** advent of PTM is driven by the rapid development in nano/micro-materials and energy science and *** emerging research area in PTM is personal radiative thermal management(PRTM),which demonstrates immense potential with its high radiative heat transfer efficiency and ease of ***,it is less taken into account in traditional textiles,and there currently lies a gap in our knowledge and understanding of *** this review,we aim to present a thorough analysis of advanced textile materials and technologies for ***,we will introduce and discuss the underlying radiation heat transfer mechanisms,fabrication methods of textiles,and various indoor/outdoor applications in light of their different regulation functionalities,including radiative cooling,radiative heating,and dual-mode ***,we will shine a light on the current hurdles,propose potential strategies,and delve into future technology trends for PRTM with an emphasis on functionalities and applications.

关键词： Personal thermal management Radiative cooling and heating Thermal comfort Dynamic thermoregulation