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Projected changes in Köppen-Trewartha climate zones under 1.5-4℃global warming targets over mid-high latitudes of Northern Asia using an ensemble of RegCM4 simulations

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 185-196页

作者： jie WU xue-jie gao Xian-Bing TANG Filippo GIORGI School of Geography and Environmental Engineering Gannan Normal UniversityGanzhou 341000China Climate Change Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste 34100Italy

Mid-high latitude Northern Asia is one of the most vulnerable and sensitive areas to global warming,but relatively less studied *** used an ensemble of a regional climate model(RegCM4)projections to assess future changes in surface air temperature,precipitation and Köppen-Trewartha(K-T)climate types in Northern Asia under the 1.5-4℃global warming ***4 is driven by five CMIP5 global models over an East Asia domain at a grid spacing of 25 *** of the present day(1986-2005)simulations shows that the ensembles of RegCM4(ensR)and driving GCMs(ensG)reproduce the major characters of the observed temperature,precipitation and K-T climate zones reasonably *** and more realistic spatial detail is found in RegCM4 compared to the driving GCMs.A general warming and overall increases in precipitation are projected over the region,with these changes being more pronounced at higher warming *** projected warming by ensR shows different spatial patterns,and is in general lower,compared to ensG in most months of the year,while the percentage increases of precipitation are maximum during the cold *** future changes in K-T climate zones are characterized by a substantial expansion of Dc(temperature oceanic)and retreat of Ec(sub-arctic continental)over the region,reaching∼20%under the 4℃warming *** most notable change in climate types in ensR is found over Japan(∼60%),followed by Southern Siberia,Mongolia,and the Korean Peninsula(∼40%).The largest change in the K-T climate types is found when increasing from 2 to 3℃.The results will help to better assess the impacts of climate change and in implementation of appropriate adaptation measures over the region.

关键词： Mid-high latitudes of Northern Asia Köppen climate zones Global warming targets Regional climate model

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Climatic impacts induced by winter wheat irrigation over North China simulated by the nonhydrostatic RegCM4.7

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 197-210页

作者： Jia WU Zhen-Yu HAN xue-jie gao Zheng-Jia LIU National Climate Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory for Climate Studies China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Climate Change Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Quantification of the impact of winter wheat irrigation on the climate and the occurrence of extreme climatic events over North China is crucial for regional adaptation *** related studies mainly focused on the impact on surface processes;however,few focused on the effects of extreme events using high-resolution nonhydrostatic regional climate ***,the 9-km-resolution nonhydrostatic RegCM4.7 was coupled with a crop irrigation scheme and an updated winter wheat irrigation dataset to better simulate irrigation *** experiments were conducted with and without winter wheat irrigation to isolate the effects of *** showed that irrigation simulation reduces the model biases in temperature,precipitation,latent heat flux,soil moisture,sensitive heat flux,and top-layer soil ***,it also reduces the bias and increases the correlation with observations obtained in irrigated areas,especially in summer,indicating better representation of irrigation *** wheat irrigation tends to cause substantial cooling of the local surface maximum,minimum,and mean air temperatures(by-1.68,-0.34,and-0.79℃,respectively)over irrigated areas of North China,with the largest changes observed in relation to maximum ***,precipitation is found to increase during spring and summer,which is strongly related to water vapor transport in the lower levels of the *** analyses indicated that the number of annual mean hot days decrease(-13.9 d),whereas the number of both comfort days(+10.2 d)and rainy days(days with total precipitation greater than 1 mm:+6.6 d)increase over irrigated areas,demonstrating beneficial feedback to human perception and ***,although the heat wave risk increases(number of annual mean heat wave days:+5.8 d),the impact is limited to small areas within irrigated ***,no notable change was found in terms of heavy rainfall events and precipitation intensity

关键词： Nonhydrostatic regional climate model Irrigation effect Extreme events North China

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Lignin-reinforced PVDF electrolyte for dendrite-free quasi-solid-state Li metal battery

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1006-1016页

作者： Xin-Yang Chen xue-jie gao Han-Yan Wu Yu-Long Liu Xiao-Fei Yang Run-Cang Sun Center for Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials College of Light Industry and Chemical EngineeringDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116034China Division of Energy Storage Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023China School of Chemistry Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China

Quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries(QSSLMBs)assembled with polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)are a promising class of next-generation rechargeable batteries due to their safety,high energy density,and superior interfacial ***,PVDF has a series of inherent drawbacks such as low ionic conductivity,ease of crystallization,and hydrophobic character that leading to poor cell *** tackle these issues,a lignin-reinforced PVDF electrolyte is proposed in this work to solve these drawbacks of PVDF and enhance the comprehensive performance of *** lithophilic polar groups of lignin can promote uniform deposition of Li on the *** with the improved mechanical properties can efficiently prevent Li dendrites penetration through the *** addition,more active sites provided by lignin can also enhance Li^(+)transport and lead to a faster electrochemical reaction *** from the ingenious design,Li symmetric cells with 5%lignin-PVDF quasi-solid-state electrolyte can operate for 900 h at a high current density/capacity of 5 mA·cm^(-2)/5 mAh·cm^(-2),while shortcircuiting occurs after 56 h for the counterpart(pure PVDF).Moreover,a full cell of Li/5%lignin-PVDF/LFP cell demonstrates a high capacity of 96.2 mAh·g^(-1)after 2000 cycles at 10 *** work is expected to open up promising opportunities to develop other high-energy/power-density QSSLMBs.

关键词： Quasi-solid-state electrolyte Lignin PVDF Dendrite-free Li metal battery

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Introduction of rare-earth element Sc in alloy design to modify wear features of dual-phase high-entropy alloy

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 817-828页

作者： Hao Ren Rui-Run Chen xue-Feng gao Tong Liu Gang Qin Yu-Lung Chiu Shi-Ping Wu Jing-jie Guo Guo National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China School of Metallurgy and Materials University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK

Tailoring the alloy composition,which induces the hard secondary phase to increase hardness and strength to improve the wear features,is a feasible approach for developing wear-resistant metal ***,a group of(AlCoCrFeNi)_(100–x)Sc_(x)(x=0–2.0,at%)high-entropy alloys(HEAs)are designed and the phase compositions and wear behaviors are ***-doped HEA series contain the primary body-centered cubic(BCC)and eutectic phases,in which the eutectic phase is composed of the alternately grown BCC and Laves *** addition promotes the diffusion of Ni atoms from BCC phase to form the Sc-rich Laves phase at the grain *** hardness increases due to solid solution strengthening and second phase *** the second phase strengthening plays a more significant role relative to solid solution *** phase and the oxides caused by wear heating prevent the direct contact between friction pair and HEAs,thus inducing a decreased wear rate from 6.82×10^(−5) to 3.47×10^(−5)m^(3)·N^(−1)·m^(−1).Moreover,the wear mechanism changes from adhesive wear,abrasive wear and oxidative wear to abrasive wear and oxidative wear.

关键词： High entropy alloy(HEA) Laves phase Hardness Wear mechanism

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A Hf-doped dual-phase high-entropy alloy: phase evolution and wear features

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 324-333页

作者： Hao Ren Rui-Run Chen xue-Feng gao Tong Liu Gang Qin Yu-Lung Chiu Shi-Ping Wu Jing-jie Guo National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of Metallurgy and Materials University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Initially defined high entropy alloys(HEAs)usually exhibit a single-phase solid-solution ***,two and/or more types of phases in HE As possibly induce the desired microstructure features,which contribute to improving the wear properties of HE ***,we prepare a series of(AlCoCrFeNi)_(100-x)Hf_(x)(x=0,2,4and 6;at%) HEAs and concern their phase compositions,micro structures and wear *** leads to the formation of(Ni,Co)_(2)Hf-type Laves phase and tailors the microstructure from a body-centered cubic(BCC) singlephase structure to a hypoeutectic *** increased hardness from~HV 512.3 to~HV 734.1 is due to solid-solution strengthening,grain refinement strengthening and precipitated phase *** a few oxides(Al_(2)O_(3)+Cr_(2)O_(3)) caused by the wear heating contribute to an 85.5% decrease in wear rate of the HEA system from6.71×10^(-5) to 0.97×10^(-5) m^(3)·N^(-1)·m^(-1).In addition,Hf addition changes the wear mechanism from abrasive wear,mild oxidative wear and adhesive wear to oxidative wear and adhesive wear.

关键词： High entropy alloy Laves phase Hardness Wear mechanism

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Real-time Operation Optimization in Active Distribution Networks Based on Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 886-899页

作者： jie Xu Hongjun gao Renjun Wang Junyong Liu the College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengduChina

The increasing integration of intermittent renewable energy sources(RESs)poses great challenges to active distribution networks(ADNs),such as frequent voltage *** paper proposes a novel ADN strategy based on multiagent deep reinforcement learning(MADRL),which harnesses the regulating function of switch state transitions for the realtime voltage regulation and loss *** deploying the calculated optimal switch topologies,the distribution network operator will dynamically adjust the distributed energy resources(DERs)to enhance the operation performance of ADNs based on the policies trained by the MADRL *** to the model-free characteristics and the generalization of deep reinforcement learning,the proposed strategy can still achieve optimization objectives even when applied to similar but unseen ***,integrating parameter sharing(PS)and prioritized experience replay(PER)mechanisms substantially improves the strategic performance and *** framework has been tested on modified IEEE 33-bus,IEEE 118-bus,and three-phase unbalanced 123-bus *** results demonstrate the significant real-time regulation capabilities of the proposed strategy.

关键词： Reconfiguration active distribution network distributed energy resource real-time control deep reinforcement learning parameter sharing scalability

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Prediction models of burst strength degradation for casing with considerations of both wear and corrosion

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 458-474页

作者： jie-Li Wang Wen-Jun Huang De-Li gao MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China

Casing wear and casing corrosion are serious problems affecting casing integrity failure in deep and ultra-deep *** paper aims to predict the casing burst strength with considerations of both wear and ***,the crescent wear shape is simplified into three categories according to common mathematical ***,based on the mechano-electrochemical(M-E)interaction,the prediction model of corrosion depth is built with worn depth as the initial condition,and the prediction models of burst strength of the worn casing and corroded casing are ***,the accuracy of different prediction models is validated by numerical simulation,and the main influence factors on casing strength are *** last,the theoretical models are applied to an ultra-deep well in Northwest China,and the dangerous well sections caused by wear and corrosion are predicted,and the corrosion rate threshold to ensure the safety of casing is *** results show that the existence of wear defects results in a stress concentration and enhanced M-E interaction on corrosion depth *** accuracy of different mathematical models is different:the slot ring model is most accurate for predicting corrosion depth,and the eccentric model is most accurate for predicting the burst strength of corroded *** burst strength of the casing will be overestimated by more than one-third if the M-E interaction is neglected,so the coupling effect of wear and corrosion should be sufficiently considered in casing integrity evaluation.

关键词： Deep well Casing integrity Casing wear Casing corrosion Burst strength

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Al-doped ZnO/WO_(3) heterostructure films prepared by magnetron sputtering for isopropanol sensors

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 247-256页

作者： Wei-Xiang gao xue-Ting Chang Xiao-jie Zhu Jun-Feng Li Ying-Chang Jiang Dong-Sheng Wang Chuan-Xiao Yang Shi-Bin Sun College of Logistics Engineering Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306China College of Ocean Science and Engineering Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306China Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306China

Metal oxide semiconductors(MOSs) are ideal sensing materials for detecting volatile organic compounds due to their low cost, diversity, high stability, and ease of production. However, it remains a grand challenge to develop the MOSs-based gas sensors for sensing isopropanol with desired performance via a simple, effective,and controllable method. Herein, we reported the preparation of the Al-doped Zn O(AZO)/WO_(3) heterostructure films by directly depositing the AZO coating onto the WO_(3) coating using a strategy of magnetron sputtering. The AZO/WO_(3) heterostructure films were constructed by numbers of irregular nanoparticles that were interconnected with each other. The AZO/WO_(3) heterostructure films-based gas sensors exhibited excellent isopropanolsensing performance with high response, promising selectivity, low detection limit, fast response rate, wide detection range, and ideal reproducibility. The promising isopropanol-sensing performance of the AZO/WO_(3) heterostructure films arises mainly from their high uniformity, unique microstructures with high surface roughness,and the construction of the heterostructure between the AZO and WO_(3) coatings. This work provides a versatile approach to prepare the MOSs-based heterostructure films for assembling the gas sensors.

关键词： Metal oxide semiconductors Gas sensors Aldoped ZnO/WO_(3) Heterostructure films Isopropanol Magnetron sputtering

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Dynamic emission characteristics and control strategies of air pollutants from motor vehicles in downtown Beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 637-646页

作者： Yan Shen Tongran Wu Aiping Lian jie gao Fei Peng Guohua Song xuefang Wu Yangyang Cui Xinyu Liu Yunfei Wan Jing Yan Yifeng xue National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100037China Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau Beijing 100048China Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100091China

This study combined the real-time monitoring and investigation of traffic flows to comprehensively analyze the road traffic flow and vehicle structure in downtown Beijing.A dynamic emission inventory of motor vehicle air pollutants in downtown Beijing in 2021 was established,and the impact of these emissions on air quality was simulated and quantified,and different emission reduction control scenarios were proposed to evaluate their environmental improvement effects and explore measures to mitigate the impact of pollution *** results show that the high traffic flow and the structure of the motor vehicle emissions in downtown Beijing are the main causes of severe motor vehicle *** data shows that traffic flow in central Beijing is dominated by small passenger vehicles,while the vehicle mix is better than in other regions,with 72.0%of vehicles meeting"National V"or higher emission ***,to achieve higher air quality goals,further reducing vehicle emissions is *** on dynamic traffic flow,the average daily emissions of nitrogen oxides(NOX),particulate matters(PM_(2.5))and volatile organic compounds(VOC)from motor vehicles in central Beijing are 17.7 tons,0.6 tons and 14.0 tons,respectively,accounting for 23.0%of the city’s average daily motor vehicle *** a zero-emission zone for motor vehicles were implemented in central Beijing,the annual average emission level of pollutants will be reduced by 10.4%to 21.0%.The designation of ultra-low emission zones for motor vehicles could be effective in improving the air quality in the center of Beijing.

关键词： Motor vehicle Air pollutant Emission characteristics Control strategy Beijing

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Toward a fundamental understanding of the heterogeneous multiphysics behaviors of silicon monoxide/graphite composite anodes

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 142-158页

作者： Xiang gao Suli Li Jiachen xue Dianyang Hu Jun Xu Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Vehicle Energy and Safety Laboratory(VESL) Battery ComplexityAutonomous Vehicleand Electrification(BATT CAVE)Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Zhuhai CosMX Battery Co.Ltd. ZhuhaiGuangdongChina School of Data Science University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA

Silicon monoxide(SiO)(silicon[Si]mixed with silicon dioxide[SiO_(2)])/graphite(Gr)composite material is one of the most commercially promising anode materials for the next generation of high-energy-density lithium-ion *** major bottleneck for SiO/Gr composite anode is the poor cyclability arising from the stress/strain behaviors due to the mismatch between two heterogenous materials during the lithiation/delithiation *** date,a meticulous and quantitative understanding of the highly nonlinear coupling behaviors of such materials is still ***,an electro–chemo–mechanics-coupled detailed model containing particle geometries is *** underlying mechanism of the regulation between SiO and Gr components during electrochemical cycling is quantitatively *** discover that increasing the SiO weight percentage(wt%)reduces the utilization efficiency of the active materials at the same 1C rate charging and enhances the hindering effects of stress-driven flux on *** addition,the mechanical constraint demonstrates a balanced effect on the overall performance of cells and the local behaviors of *** study provides new insights into the fundamental interactions between SiO and Gr materials and advances the investigation methodology for the design and evaluation of next-generation high-energydensity batteries.

关键词： interactions lithium-ion batteries mechanical constraint multiphysics modeling Si-based anode

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