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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 62-74页

作者： Zhiyuan Tian Feng Liu Yin Liang xuchao zhu State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China

Soil erodibility(K factor)mapping has been accomplished mainly by soil map-linked or geo-statistical ***,the resulting maps usually have coarse spatial resolution at a regional *** objectives of this study were a)to map the K factors using a set of environmental variables and random forest(RF)model,and b)to identify the important environmental variables in the predictive mapping on a regional *** collected 101 surface soil samples across southeast China in the summer of *** each sample,we measured the particle size distribution and organic matter content,and calculated the K factors using the nomograph *** hyperparameters of RF were optimized through 5-fold cross validation(m_(ay)=2,n_(tree)=500,p=63),and a digital map with 250 m resolution was generated for the K *** lower and upper limits of a 90% prediction interval were also pro-duced for uncertainty *** was found that the important environmental variables for the K factor prediction were relief,climate,land surface temperature and vegetation *** the existing K factor map has an average polygonal area of 6.8 km^(2),our approach dramatically improves the spatial resolution of the K factor to 0.0625 km^(2).The new method captures more distinct differences in spatial details,and the spatial distribution of the K factor derived from RF prediction followed a similar pattern with kriging *** suggests the presented approach in this study is effective for mapping the K factor with limited sampling data.

关键词： Soil K factor Predictive soil mapping Machine learning Uncertainty

Characteristics of runoff and sediment yield for two typical erodible soils in southern China

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第5期37卷 653-661页

作者： xuchao zhu Yin Liang Lili Qu Longxi Cao Zhiyuan Tian Tong Liu Meng Li State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Ecology and Environment Chengdu University of Technology National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of IntegratedAgro-environmental Pollution Control and Management Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences Guangdong Academy of Sciences Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau of Jiangsu Province

Granite red soil(GRS) and Quaternary red clay(QRC) are two typical erodible soils in the red-soil region of southern China. Analytical and comparative studies of the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield for the two soils at various slopes are currently needed. The purpose of the current study was to clarify the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield for GRS and QRC at different slopes and to establish models for estimating sediment yield for the two soils. Forty-eight runoff microplots with four slopes(5°, 15°, 25°, and 35°) and two soils(GRS and QRC) were established and exposed to natural rainfall. Runoff and sediment yield were measured 10 times during the study period. Runoff and sediment yield for the two soils under the various slopes had similar temporal variations, and both increased with prior cumulative erosive rainfall. Runoff for GRS and QRC was moderately temporally variable, with coefficients of variation(CVs) from 46.2% to 60.6%, and sediment yield for QRC was strongly temporally variable, with CVs from 114.8% to 145.8%. Sediment yield for GRS increased with slope, but sediment yield for QRC first increased and then decreased, with a calculated inflection point of 18°, but runoff for both soils decreased with slope. The CVs of both runoff and sediment yield with slope for the two soils ranged from 3.6% to 88.0%, lower than the temporal variabilities, indicating that rainfall may have a larger impact than slope on runoff and sediment yield for QRC and GRS. Under the various slopes, runoff and sediment yield for both soils increased with rainfall and sediment yield increased with runoff, but the proportions of effective rainfall and runoff differed. Pedotransfer-function models based on rainfall, runoff, and slope accurately estimated sediment yield for the two soils, with the model fit coefficient of determination(R2) > 0.81 and the R2for verification >0.79. These results improve the understanding of the laws governing erosion for differe

关键词： Runoff and sediment characteristics Sediment-yield simulation Granite red soil Quaternary red clay Pedotransfer function Red-soil region

Simulating soil erodibility in southeastern China using a sequential Gaussian algorithm

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Pedosphere 2021年第5期31卷 715-724页

作者： xuchao zhu Yin LIANG Zhiyuan TIAN Yi ZHANG Yugang ZHANG Jing DU Xin WANG Yu LI Lili QU Mengmeng DAI State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) Taihu Basin Monitoring Central Station for Soil and Water Conservation Taihu Basin Authority of Ministry of Water ResourcesShanghai 200434(China) College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190(China)

Soil erodibility(K)is a key factor of soil erosion,and its appropriate quantification and interpolation are vitally important for soil and water *** traditional point-represent-polygon approaches and common kriging method for the estimation of K,however,do not sufficiently represent the original *** objectives of this study were to simulate the spatial distribution of K using a sequential Gaussian algorithm and analyze the uncertainty in evaluating the risk of soil erodibility in southeastern *** determined 101 sampling points in the area and collected disturbed soil samples from the 0-20 cm layer at each *** properties were determined,and K was calculated using five common models:the EPIC(Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator),approximate nomograph,Torri,Shirazi,and Wang *** the chosen models,the EPIC model performed the best at estimating K(KEPIC),which ranged from 0.019 to 0.060 t ha h(ha MJ mm)^(-1),with a mean of 0.043 t ha h(ha MJ mm)^(-1).The KEPIC was moderately spatially variable and had a limited spatial structure,increasing from south to north in our study area,and all spatial simulations using the cooperative kriging(CK)interpolation and the sequential Gaussian simulation(SGS)with 10,25,50,100,200,and 500 realizations had acceptable *** CK interpolation narrowed the range,and the SGS maintained the original characteristics of the calculated *** proportions of the risk area were 38.0% and 10.1%,when the risk probability for K was 60% and 80%,respectively,and high risk areas were mostly located in the *** results provide scientific guidance for managing the risk of soil erodibility in southeastern China.

关键词： geostatistical analysis K models kriging interpolation risk assessment soil erosion spatial simulation

Zokor activity promotes soil water infiltration in the Mu Us sandy land of northern Shaanxi,China

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 136-145页

作者： Miao GAN xuchao zhu Xueqin YANG Xiaorong WEI Qingyin ZHANG Tongchuan LI Ming'an SHAO Meixia MI Xi YANG Mingyu CHEN State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang 453003China College of Urban and Rural Construction Shanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhong 030801China

Zokors are common subterranean rodents that inhabit agricultural fields, shrublands, and grasslands in the arid and semi-arid regions of China. Zokor burrowing activities can alter soil structure and affect soil hydrological processes;however, there are few studies regarding their effects on soil preferential flow in the Mu Us sandy land. An evaluation of the effects of zokor disturbance on their habitat and soil water is important for understanding the ecological role of zokors in the soil ecosystem of the Mu Us sandy land. A field dye-tracing experiment was conducted in the Gechougou watershed on the southeastern edge of the Mu Us sandy land to investigate the effect of zokor burrowing activity on soil preferential flow characteristics. Our results showed that the density of zokor tunnels was the highest(0.40–0.46 m m^(-2)) under 30%–50% vegetation coverage and that the tunnels were approximately 3 cm from the *** stained area ratio and stained path number were higher at sites with zokors than without zokors. Stained path widths were 10–80 and > 80 mm at zokor-harboring sites exhibiting homogeneous flow and heterogeneous finger flow, respectively. In the absence of zokors, homogeneous flow and highly interacted macropore flow were predominant. Soil water content below the zokor tunnels was higher than that above the tunnels. Moderate disturbance of soil structure by zokor activity facilitated soil water infiltration. These results enabled a better understanding of the effect of soil fauna on soil structure and hydrological processes and provided recommendations for ecological construction and renovation in arid and semi-arid regions.

关键词： eld dye-tracing experiment preferential flow soil fauna stained area ratio stained path number stained path width subterranean rodent surface tortoise crack

新型W-OH材料对南方典型侵蚀土壤入渗和产流产沙的影响

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中国水土保持科学 2020年第6期18卷 123-131页

作者：王欣朱绪超梁音田芷源土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室中国科学院南京土壤研究所南京210008 中国科学院大学北京100049

新型W-OH材料在我国水土保持领域获得了广泛的应用,但其相关理论滞后于实践。以南方2种典型侵蚀土壤——第四纪红黏土区红壤(以下简称“红黏土”)和崩岗区红壤(以下简称“崩岗土”)为对象,通过室内入渗实验和室外人工模拟降雨试验,分析... 详细信息

新型W-OH材料在我国水土保持领域获得了广泛的应用,但其相关理论滞后于实践。以南方2种典型侵蚀土壤——第四纪红黏土区红壤(以下简称“红黏土”)和崩岗区红壤(以下简称“崩岗土”)为对象,通过室内入渗实验和室外人工模拟降雨试验,分析不同W-OH体积分数喷施下2种典型侵蚀土壤的入渗和水沙特征。结果表明:1)红黏土和崩岗土养分贫瘠,质地上红黏土砂、粉、黏粒质量分数相当,崩岗土砂粒质量分数超过2/3,黏粒质量分数仅约5.4%;2)W-OH喷施显著降低了2种土壤的入渗率,随着体积分数的增大(0~7%),红黏土平均入渗率从6.98 mm/min降低到1.42 mm/min,崩岗土从5.26 mm/min降低到2.01 mm/min;3)5%W-OH喷施后使红黏土平均产流率增大190%,产沙率下降73.9%,使崩岗土平均产流率增大37.3%,产沙率降低62.1%,W-OH喷施增大了产流,但也明显减少了土壤流失;4)W-OH的喷施对2种土壤在模拟降雨前、后和24 h后3个时间点的平均含水量影响并不明显。研究可为进一步将W-OH应用于南方第四纪红黏土区和崩岗区红壤水土流失治理提供理论依据。

关键词： W-OH 水分入渗土壤侵蚀人工模拟降雨南方红壤区

高寒草甸生态系统表层土壤水分时间稳定性研究

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农业机械学报 2017年第8期48卷 212-218页

作者：朱绪超邵明安朱军涛张扬建中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100190

选取西藏高原北部那曲地区一处典型的高寒草甸生态系统为研究对象,用TDR 300测量样地中2个样带共82个测点表层0~7.5 cm的土壤含水率,在2015年生长季中共测量14次。基于所测数据分析了土壤含水率的时空变异性和时间稳定性。结果表明,201... 详细信息

选取西藏高原北部那曲地区一处典型的高寒草甸生态系统为研究对象,用TDR 300测量样地中2个样带共82个测点表层0~7.5 cm的土壤含水率,在2015年生长季中共测量14次。基于所测数据分析了土壤含水率的时空变异性和时间稳定性。结果表明,2015年生长季2个样带表层平均土壤含水率为26.0%,在空间上表现为弱变异性,在时间上表现为中等变异性,土壤含水率较高时,土壤水分的变异性也较高;82个测点土壤含水率的空间模式在7月份—8月初相似性较弱,在8月中旬—9月初相似性较强;土壤含水率的相对差分平均值在-11.5%~8.5%之间,相对差分标准差的平均值为8.6%,二者表现为开口向上的二次曲线关系,说明土壤含水率接近样地平均值的测点具有较高的时间稳定性,而在较干和较湿的测点,土壤含水率的时间稳定性相对较弱;时间稳定性指数、平均绝对偏差、均方根误差和最小相对差分标准差平衡法4种方法均能准确地判定土壤含水率时间稳定性最佳代表测点,利用最佳代表测点估算样带平均土壤含水率均具有较高的精度,相比较而言,最小相对差分标准差平衡法精度更高。

关键词：土壤含水率时空变异时间稳定性代表测点高寒草甸

保水剂对干湿循环的响应及对稀土尾砂土壤水分状况的影响

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江西农业大学学报 2023年第1期45卷 210-219页

作者：贺燕子田芷源马瑞朱绪超中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室江苏南京210008 中国科学院大学北京100049

【目的】南方地区离子型稀土尾矿区的生态环境脆弱,强烈的干湿交替条件加剧了土壤水分亏缺。保水剂由于吸水持水能力强,研究其在稀土尾矿区的应用对于提升土壤水分条件、促进尾矿区生态恢复具有重要的实践意义。【方法】通过模拟土壤吸... 详细信息

【目的】南方地区离子型稀土尾矿区的生态环境脆弱,强烈的干湿交替条件加剧了土壤水分亏缺。保水剂由于吸水持水能力强,研究其在稀土尾矿区的应用对于提升土壤水分条件、促进尾矿区生态恢复具有重要的实践意义。【方法】通过模拟土壤吸水和蒸发过程,分析了6次干湿循环条件下保水剂粒径(1.0~2.0 mm、0.45~1.0 mm、34.25%)。(3)保水剂施用方式中,浓度是影响保水剂应用效果的主要因素,粒径则主要影响保水剂吸水性能,两者交互作用显著,浓度和粒径越大,土壤保水持水能力提升效果越好,相比浓度0.2%、粒径<0.18 mm的保水剂,添加浓度0.6%、粒径1.0~2.0 mm的保水剂后,尾砂土SWC和保水剂SC分别提升0.41倍和0.62倍,土壤完全干旱时间延长0.67倍;土壤干湿循环通过破坏保水剂网状结构削弱了其在土壤中的浓度和粒径效应,高浓度和大粒径保水剂更耐久,6次循环后添加0.6%、1.0~2.0 mm的保水剂的尾砂土SWC和保水剂SC分别为46.27%和23.91 g/g。【结论】保水剂在稀土尾砂区具有良好的应用效果,基于保水剂对土壤干湿循环响应机制,添加0.6%、1.0~2.0 mm的保水剂对提升尾砂土保水持水能力及延缓土壤干旱更加有效。

关键词：保水剂干湿循环离子型稀土尾矿土壤水分条件土壤蒸发

南方红壤区水土流失治理成效的多尺度趋势分析

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中国水土保持科学 2019年第3期17卷 66-74页

作者：石海霞梁音朱绪超曹龙熹土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室中国科学院南京土壤研究所南京210008 中国科学院大学北京100049

借助我国土壤侵蚀普查数据,利用土壤侵蚀综合指数(EI)进行各级侵蚀强度的综合量化,同时结合典型流域的实测数据和重点工程所在县的监测资料,从红壤全区、重点工程县和典型流域3个尺度进行水土流失治理成效评估。结果表明:1)近10年来南... 详细信息

借助我国土壤侵蚀普查数据,利用土壤侵蚀综合指数(EI)进行各级侵蚀强度的综合量化,同时结合典型流域的实测数据和重点工程所在县的监测资料,从红壤全区、重点工程县和典型流域3个尺度进行水土流失治理成效评估。结果表明:1)近10年来南方红壤区土壤侵蚀面积呈减少趋势,共减少0. 5万km2,不同等级的侵蚀面积变化趋势各不相同,中度侵蚀面积明显减少,而轻度侵蚀面积显著增加。从省级变化趋势来看,江西、湖北等6省土壤侵蚀程度有所减轻,而广西、广东等4省区的土壤侵蚀状况有加重趋势。2)从177个重点工程县的EI来看,有112个县土壤侵蚀程度减轻,占63. 3%。其中,生态文明工程县EI平均值减幅最大,水土流失治理成效最显著,其次是国家重点治理区、科技示范园和清洁小流域所在县。从分布片区来看,赣南、湘中、皖西及浙闽沿海各县土壤侵蚀状况有不同程度的好转,而湘南、皖南山区和粤东沿海各县有局部加重趋势。3)从典型流域尺度来看,近几十年来江河流域径流量随时间的推移有轻微上升趋势,但输沙量显著下降,且随着小流域内植被覆盖率和农民人均纯收入的不断增加,其平均土壤侵蚀模数也呈下降趋势。本研究结果从不同尺度揭示了南方红壤区的水土流失治理成效,明确了区内不同类型工程的水土流失成效状况,对今后的水土保持布局有借鉴意义。

关键词：水土流失治理成效土壤侵蚀综合指数重点工程县小流域南方红壤区

塔里木河下游河岸柽柳林冠层导度变化特征及模拟

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生态学报 2016年第17期36卷 5459-5466页

作者：朱绪超袁国富邵明安杜涛中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049 西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室杨凌712100

冠层导度(G_c)对植被的蒸腾和光合作用具有重要影响。利用涡度相关仪器实测了塔里木河下游河岸柽柳林地的蒸散发,以及气象因子(温度、湿度、总辐射、光和有效辐射),并利用Penman-Monteith公式计算了柽柳林在2013年生长季的冠层导度。结... 详细信息

冠层导度(G_c)对植被的蒸腾和光合作用具有重要影响。利用涡度相关仪器实测了塔里木河下游河岸柽柳林地的蒸散发,以及气象因子(温度、湿度、总辐射、光和有效辐射),并利用Penman-Monteith公式计算了柽柳林在2013年生长季的冠层导度。结果显示:柽柳林冠层导度日变化过程在8:00左右迅速增大,于10:30左右达到最大值,之后缓慢下降,18:00左右快速降低;柽柳林冠层导度季节变化过程总体显示,展叶期缓慢上升,落叶期迅速下降,生长盛期缓慢波动下降;研究区,叶面积指数(LAI)是影响柽柳冠层导度季节变化的主要因素,其次为温度(T)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、总辐射(S)、空气饱和差(VPD);四元线性回归方程可以较好地拟合冠层导度与各因子的关系,利用2013年奇数天数据建立回归方程,对偶数天冠层导度值进行模拟和验证,RMSE值为0.169 mm/s,NSE值为0.814,达到了较高的模拟精度。

关键词：冠层导度时间变化回归模型柽柳塔里木河下游

保水保肥材料对废弃离子型稀土矿区尾砂土壤理化性质及皇竹草生长的影响

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水土保持学报 2023年第2期37卷 267-274页

作者：贺燕子田芷源马瑞朱绪超梁音土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室中国科学院南京土壤研究所南京210008 中国科学院大学北京100049

针对废弃稀土矿区氨氮减低后的土壤结构性差、肥力低下和种植植物生产力低的问题,土壤改良成为快速提升植被恢复的关键。通过田间试验,比较单施不同浓度保水剂(S1、S2、S3)和保水保肥材料(F1、F2、F3)对土壤理化性质、皇竹草生长以及作... 详细信息

针对废弃稀土矿区氨氮减低后的土壤结构性差、肥力低下和种植植物生产力低的问题,土壤改良成为快速提升植被恢复的关键。通过田间试验,比较单施不同浓度保水剂(S1、S2、S3)和保水保肥材料(F1、F2、F3)对土壤理化性质、皇竹草生长以及作物耗水和水分利用效率(WUE)等相关指标影响,并运用主成分分析和模糊隶属度函数方法筛选出最佳改良材料。结果表明:(1)保水保肥材料通过改善废弃稀土矿区尾砂土土壤理化性质,促进皇竹草生长,土壤理化性质与植物生长的关系表现为土壤pH和养分含量越高,皇竹草分蘖数、氮磷含量、产量和WUE等生长指标越高。(2)保水保肥材料与对照相比,使皇竹草增产58.13%~182.63%,WUE提升53.81%~181.54%;单施保水剂效果有限,中高用量保水剂(S2、S3)使皇竹草增产19.95%~77.52%,WUE提升19.54%~79.50%。(3)运用主成分分析法筛选出22个土壤改良指标,分别计算各指标模糊隶属度函数值,将平均函数值作为土壤改良效果评价值,评价结果为保水保肥材料>单施保水剂(S1除外)>空白对照。相比对照,单施保水剂(S1除外)平均函数值仅提升0.32~0.35倍,保水保肥材料则提升0.73~1.72倍,并随用量增加而降低,因此F1为最佳土壤改良剂。研究结果表明复配的保水保肥材料在废弃稀土矿区尾砂土改良中具有良好的应用效果。

关键词：废弃稀土矿区保水保肥材料土壤改良土壤理化性质皇竹草水分利用效率