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Predicting distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma using gradient boosting tree model based on detailed magnetic resonance imaging reports

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World Journal of Radiology 2024年第6期16卷 203-210页

作者： Yu-Liang Zhu Xin-Lei Deng xu-cheng zhang Li Tian Chun-Yan Cui Feng Lei Gui-Qiong xu Hao-Jiang Li Li-Zhi Liu Hua-Li Ma Department of Nasopharyngeal Head and Neck Tumor Radiotherapy Zhongshan City People's HospitalZhongshan 528400Guangdong ProvinceChina School of Public Health Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Radiology Sun Yatsen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapyGuangzhou 510060Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Development of distant metastasis(DM)is a major concern during treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).However,studies have demonstrated im-proved distant control and survival in patients with advanced NPC with the addition of chemotherapy to concomitant ***,precise prediction of metastasis in patients with NPC is *** To develop a predictive model for metastasis in NPC using detailed magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)*** This retrospective study included 792 patients with non-distant metastatic NPC.A total of 469 imaging variables were obtained from detailed MRI *** were stratified and randomly split into training(50%)and testing *** boosting tree(GBT)models were built and used to select variables for predicting DM.A full model comprising all variables and a reduced model with the top-five variables were *** performance was assessed by area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS Among the 792 patients,94 developed DM during *** number of metastatic cervical nodes(30.9%),tumor invasion in the posterior half of the nasal cavity(9.7%),two sides of the pharyngeal recess(6.2%),tubal torus(3.3%),and single side of the parapharyngeal space(2.7%)were the top-five contributors for predicting DM,based on their relative importance in GBT *** testing AUC of the full model was 0.75(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.69-0.82).The testing AUC of the reduced model was 0.75(95%CI:0.68-0.82).For the whole dataset,the full(AUC=0.76,95%CI:0.72-0.82)and reduced models(AUC=0.76,95%CI:0.71-0.81)outperformed the tumor node-staging system(AUC=0.67,95%CI:0.61-0.73).CONCLUSION The GBT model outperformed the tumor node-staging system in predicting metastasis in *** number of metastatic cervical nodes was identified as the principal contributing variable.

关键词： Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Distant metastasis Machine learning Detailed magnetic resonance imaging report Gradient boosting tree model

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Environmental Simulation Experiments of 3D-C/SiC Composites with Different PyC Interfacial Layers

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2003年第Z1期19卷 77-80页

作者： Ning DONG Yongdong xu Laifei cheng Litong zhang State Key Laboratory of Solidification Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi′an 710072 China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi′an 710072 China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi′an 710072 China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi′an 710072 China

A series of 3D-C/SiC composites with different pyrolytic carbon (PyC) interracial layers (about 20～300 nm thick)were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration. Simulation experiments at different temperatures were performed byexposing C/SiC specimens in single and coupling gases partial pressure atmospheres, namely, O2, H2O vapor andmolten salt (Na+) vapor. It suggested that at intermediate temperature range (about 600～800℃) a dramatic effectof PyC thickness on the weight and strength change of C/SiC was shown, which was mainly influenced by O2 partialpressure; at high temperature range (about 1200～1300℃) the effect was not obvious relatively, which might beinfluenced by H2O vapor partial pressure; and finally at very high temperature range (＞1500℃) the molten saltvapor was the factor of most possibility affecting the weight change of C/SiC.

关键词： C/SiC, Interfacial layer, Simulation experiment

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Composite Cathode Based on Redox-Reversible Nb2TiO7 for Direct High-Temperature Steam Electrolysis

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2015年第3期28卷 323-330,I0002页

作者： Shi-song Li Ji-gui cheng xu-cheng zhang Yu Wang Kui Xie Department of Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China

Ni/YSZ fuel electrodes can only operate under strongly reducing conditions for steam elec- trolysis in an oxide-ion-conducting solid oxide electrolyzer （SOE）. In atmosphere with a low content of H2 or without H2, cathodes based on redox-reversible Nb2TiO7 provide a promising alternative. The reversible changes between oxidized Nb2TiO7 and reduced Nbl.33Tio.6704 samples are systematically investigated after redox-cycling tests. The conductivities of Nb2TiO7 and reduced Nb1.33Tio.6704 are studied as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure and correlated with the electrochemical properties of the composite electrodes in a symmetric cell and SOE at 830 ℃. Steam electrolysis is then performed using an oxide-ion-conducting SOE based on a Nb1.33Ti0.6704 composite fuel electrode at 830 ℃. The current-voltage and impedance spectroscopy tests demonstrate that the reduction and activation of the fuel electrode is the main process at low voltage; however, the steam electrolysis dominates the entire process at high voltages. The Faradic efficiencies of steam electrolysis reach 98.9% when 3%H2O/Ar/4%H2 is introduced to the fuel electrode and 89% for that with introduction of 3%H2O/Ar.

关键词： Redox-reversible Alternative fuel electrode Solid oxide electrolyzer Steamelectrolysis

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Bioinspired 3D flexible devices and functional systems

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 271-295页

作者： xu cheng zhangming Shen Yihui zhang Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua University

Flexible devices and functional systems with elaborated three-dimensional(3D) architectures can endow better mechanical/electrical performances, more design freedom, and unique functionalities, when compared to their two-dimensional(2D) counterparts. Such 3D flexible devices/systems are rapidly evolving in three primary directions, including the miniaturization, the increasingly merged physical/artificial intelligence and the enhanced adaptability and capabilities of heterogeneous *** challenges exist in this emerging research area, such as relatively poor controllability in the locomotion of soft robotic systems, mismatch of bioelectronic interfaces, and signal coupling in multi-parameter sensing. By virtue of long-time–optimized materials, structures and processes, natural organisms provide rich sources of inspiration to address these challenges, enabling the design and manufacture of many bioinspired 3D flexible devices/systems. In this Review, we focus on bioinspired 3D flexible devices and functional systems, and summarize their representative design concepts, manufacturing methods, principles of structure-function relationship and broad-ranging applications. Discussions on existing challenges, potential solutions and future opportunities are also provided to usher in further research efforts toward realizing bioinspired 3D flexible devices/systems with precisely programmed shapes,enhanced mechanical/electrical performances, and high-level physical/artificial intelligence.

关键词： bioinspired designs biomimetic 3D structures 3D flexible electronics 3D functional systems direct 3D manufacture 2D-to-3D assembly

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Growth and Contaminant Removal Effect of Several Plants in Constructed Wetlands

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第3期51卷 325-335页

作者： Xiu-Yun cheng Ming-Qiu Liang Wen-Yin Chen xu-cheng Liu zhang-He Chen Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development College of Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China

The aim of the present study is to probe the relation between plant growth and its decontamination effect in constructed wetlands. Four species were studied in the small-scale mono-cultured constructed wetlands, which were fed with domestic wastewater. Plant growth indexes were correlated with contaminant removal performance of the constructed wetlands. Wetlands planted with Cyperus flabelliformis Rottb. showed the highest growth indexes such as shoot growth, biomass, root activity, root biomass increment, and the highest contaminant removal rates, whereas wetlands planted with Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash had the lowest growth indexes and the lowest removal rates. Above-ground biomass and total biomass were significantly correlated with ammonia nitrogen removal, and below-ground biomass with soluble reactive phosphorus removal. Photosynthetic rate had higher correlation with nitrogen removal in these species. Root activity and root biomass increment was more correlated with 5 d biochemical oxygen demand removal. Chemical oxygen demand removal had lower correlations with plant growth indexes. All four species had higher removal rates in summer and autumn. The results suggest that the effect of plant growth on contaminant removal in constructed wetlands were different specifically in plants and contaminants.

关键词： constructed wetland contaminant removal growth plant.

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Unified Classification and Rejection:A One-versus-all Framework

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第5期21卷 870-887页

作者： Zhen cheng xu-Yao zhang cheng-Lin Liu State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Classifying patterns of known classes and rejecting ambiguous and novel(also called as out-of-distribution(OOD))inputs are involved in open world pattern *** neural network models usually excel in closed-set classification while perform poorly in rejecting OOD *** tackle this problem,numerous methods have been designed to perform open set recognition(OSR)or OOD rejection/detection *** methods mostly take post-training score transformation or hybrid models to ensure low scores on OOD inputs while separating known *** this paper,we attempt to build a unified framework for building open set classifiers for both classification and OOD *** formulate the open set recognition of K-known-class as a(K+1)-class classification problem with model trained on known-class samples *** decomposing the K-class problem into K one-versus-all(OVA)binary classification tasks and binding some parameters,we show that combining the scores of OVA classifiers can give(K+1)-class posterior probabilities,which enables classification and OOD rejection in a unified *** maintain the closed-set classification accuracy of the OVA trained classifier,we propose a hybrid training strategy combining OVA loss and multi-class cross-entropy *** implement the OVA framework and hybrid training strategy on the recently proposed convolutional prototype network and prototype classifier on vision transformer(ViT)*** on popular OSR and OOD detection datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework,using a single multi-class classifier,yields competitive performance in closed-set classification,OOD detection,and misclassification *** code is available at https://***/zhen-cheng121/CPN_OVA_unified.

关键词： Open set recognition out-of-distribution detection misclassification detection convolutional prototype network oneversus-all Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence

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Integrated spatial-temporal random speckle spectrometer with high resolution in the C-band

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Photonics Research 2024年第7期12卷 1556-1563页

作者： SHIBO xu JIAHUI zhang JUNWEI cheng JIANJI DONG Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Optics Valley Laboratory Wuhan 430074China

The increasing demand for diverse portable high-precision spectral analysis applications has driven the rapid development of spectrometer miniaturization. However, the resolutions of existing miniaturized spectrometers mostly remain at the nanometer level, posing a challenge for further enhancement towards achieving picometerlevel precision. Here, we propose an integrated reconstructive spectrometer that utilizes Mach–Zehnder interferometers and a tunable diffraction network. Through random tuning in the time domain and disordered diffraction in the space domain, the random speckle patterns closely related to wavelength information are obtained to construct the transmission matrix. Experimentally, we achieve a high resolution of 100 pm and precisely reconstruct multiple narrowband and broadband spectra. Moreover, the proposed spectrometer features a simple structure, strong portability, and fast sampling speed, which has great potential in the practical application of high-precision portable spectral analysis.

关键词： speckle random resolution

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Polymer/silica hybrid waveguide Y-branch power splitter with loss compensation based on NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ nanocrystals

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第10期28卷 354-359页

作者： Yue-Wu Fu Tong-He Sun Mei-Ling zhang xu-cheng zhang Fei Wang Da-Ming zhang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China College of Communication Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China

A polymer waveguide Y-branch power splitter with loss compensation is proposed based on NaYF4:Er^3+, Yb^3+ nanocrystals prepared by a high temperature thermal decomposition method. The Y-branch power splitter is designed as a structure of embedded waveguide, and its core material is nanocrystals-doped SU-8. The insertion loss of the device is ~ 15 dB. For an input signal power of 0.05 mW and a pump power of 267.7 mW, the two branches with 5.81-dB and5.41-dB loss compensations at 1530 nm are achieved respectively. A polymer waveguide Y-branch power splitter with loss compensation has an important research significance.

关键词： polymer NaYF4:Er Yb loss compensation

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Influence of Microwave Detuning on Ramsey Fringes of a Single Nitrogen Vacancy Center Spin in Diamond

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第2期29卷 112-115页

作者： HU Xin LIU Gang-Qin xu zhang-cheng PAN Xin-Yu Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071

We investigate the Ramsey fringes of a single electron spin of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond with different microwave radiation frequency *** fast Fourier transform demonstrates that the Ramsey fringes consist of three components caused by hyperfine interaction with 14N nuclear spin,and the Ramsey fringes cannot be well explained without the phase term of the three components,which has not been mentioned *** phase is determined by the microwave frequency detuning and the resonant Rabi frequency as well as the π/2 pulse.

关键词： Ramsey microwave mentioned

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Emergence of machine language: towards symbolic intelligence with neural networks

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 27-30页

作者： Yuqi Wang xu-Yao zhang cheng-Lin Liu Tieniu Tan Zhaoxiang zhang State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of Sciences

Representation learning is a core issue in artificial intelligence (AI). Currently,there exists a disparity in the choice of representation between humans and machines. Humans rely on discrete language for communicati...

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