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Recent Enhanced Deep Troposphere-to-Stratosphere Air Mass Transport Accompanying the Weakening Asian Monsoon

Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第4期38卷 708-719页

作者： Bin CHEN Jianzhong MA Wei ZHANG Jianchun BIAN Tianliang ZHAO xiangde xu State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China Department of Plants Soils and ClimateUtah State UniversityUT84322USA Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological AdministrationNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

The Asian monsoon(AM) region is a well-known region with prevailing stratosphere–troposphere exchange(STE).However,how the STE across this region changes with the weakening AM remains ***,we particularly diagnose the air mass transport between the planetary boundary layer(PBL) and the stratosphere over the AM region during 1992–2017 using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis *** results show that both the downward and upward deep STEs exhibit a detectable increasing trend,while the latter,namely,the deep troposphere-to-stratosphere transport(DTST),is relatively more *** analysis reveals that the long-term trend of DTST over the AM region could be partly attributed to changes in the Pacific Walker circulation and the air temperature(especially at upper levels).Additionally,it is found that DTST increases markedly over the tropical oceanic regions,while the increasing DTST into the stratosphere can be attributed to the enhanced air masses originated from the PBL over the terrestrial regions,where large amounts of pollutant emissions *** results imply that the influence of the DTST on the chemical composition and the climate of the stratosphere over the AM region is expected to become increasingly important,and is thereby of relevance to climate projection in an evolving climate.

关键词： stratosphere–troposphere exchange(STE) air mass transport deep troposphere-to-stratosphere transport(DTST) Asian monsoon(AM) pollution

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TP-PROFILE: Monitoring the Thermodynamic Structure of the Troposphere over the Third Pole

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1264-1277页

作者： xuelong CHEN Yajing LIU Yaoming MA Weiqiang MA xiangde xu Xinghong CHENG Luhan LI Xin xu Binbin WANG Land-Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Dingri 858200China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakistan College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Disastrous Weather China Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Ground-based microwave radiometers(MWRs)operating in the K-and V-bands(20–60 GHz)can help us obtain temperature and humidity profiles in the *** from some soundings from local meteorological observatories,the tropospheric atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)has never been continuously *** part of the Chinese Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),the Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Profile(TPPROFILE)project aims to construct a comprehensive MWR troposphere observation network to study the synoptic processes and environmental changes on the *** initiative has collected three years of data from the MWR *** paper introduces the data information,the data quality,and data *** applications of the data obtained from these MWRs were also *** comparisons of MWR against the nearest radiosonde observation demonstrate that the TP-PROFILE MWR system is adequate for monitoring the thermal and moisture variability of the troposphere over the *** continuous temperature and moisture profiles derived from the MWR data provide a unique perspective on the evolution of the thermodynamic structure associated with the heating of the *** TP-PROFILE project reveals that the low-temporal resolution instruments are prone to large uncertainties in their vapor estimation in the mountain valleys on the TP.

关键词： microwave radiometer thermodynamic structure vertical profile Tibetan Plateau

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Global precipitation from FY-3 polar orbit satellites

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Science Bulletin 2024年第17期69卷 2688-2692页

作者： Runze Zhao Kaicun Wang xiangde xu State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Sino-French Institute for Earth System ScienceCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Precipitation provides water resources but can also cause disasters. The amount, intensity, and frequency of precipitation have significant impacts on ecosystems, people’s health, and socioeconomic systems [1]. However, due to its spatiotemporal discontinuity, accurately estimating precipitation remains a great challenge[2]. To estimate global precipitation at the required spatial and temporal resolutions, active microwave and passive microwave(PMW) observations from low-Earth-orbit satellites and infrared observations from geostationary satellites must be *** Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) product is one of the best such products and provides global precipitation data at 0.1°and half-hour resolutions [3].

关键词： satellites microwave Global

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Research progress on the water vapor channel within the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon, China

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第5期17卷 10-15页

作者： xuelong Chen Yajing Liu Yaoming Ma xiangde xu Xin xu Luhan Li Dianbin Cao Qiang Zhang Gaili Wang Maoshan Li Siqiong Luo Xin Wang Land–Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Disastrous Weather China Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijingChina The Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina College of Atmospheric Sciences Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengduChina

The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program tasked a research team with the“Investigation of the water vapor channel of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon(INVC)”in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau(TP).This paper summarizes the scientific achievements obtained from the data collected by the INVC observation network and highlights the progress in investigating the development of heavy rainfall events associated with water vapor *** rain gauge network of the INVC can represent the impacts of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon(YGC)topography on precipitation at the hourly *** microphysical characteristics of the precipitation in the YGC are different than those in the lowland *** GPM-IMERG(Integrated MultisatellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement)satellite precipitation data for the YGC region should be calibrated before they are *** meridional water vapor flux through the YGC is more important than the zonal flux for the precipitation over the southeastern *** decreased precipitation around the YGC region is partly due to the decreased meridional water vapor flux passing through the ***-resolution numerical models can benefit precipitation forecasting in this region by using a combination of specific schemes that capture the valley wind and water vapor flux along the valley floor.

关键词： Water vapor channel Land-air interaction Mountian meteorology Extreme rainfall Observation network

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青藏高原春季区域性极端大风频次下降成因

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高原气象 2024年第5期43卷 1087-1101页

作者：付文卓陈斌徐祥德中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室北京100081

极端大风是一种重要的气象灾害,同时亦是一种重要的气候资源。作为“世界屋脊”的青藏高原(Qinghai-XizangPlateau,QXP)区域是全球和区域气候变化的敏感区,其极端大风事件及其气候变化背景下变化特征与机理尚未完全清楚,尤其在川藏铁路... 详细信息

极端大风是一种重要的气象灾害,同时亦是一种重要的气候资源。作为“世界屋脊”的青藏高原(Qinghai-XizangPlateau,QXP)区域是全球和区域气候变化的敏感区,其极端大风事件及其气候变化背景下变化特征与机理尚未完全清楚,尤其在川藏铁路建设背景下,加深高原区域极端大风事件的科学认知可为铁路建设和运营提供科学支撑和参考。为探讨高原区域性极端大风长期变化特征及其可能原因,利用地面观测最大风速日值数据,定义了青藏高原区域性极端大风事件,在此基础上,采用趋势分析、EOF分析、合成分析等多元统计方法分析了1982-2021年高原中东部区域性极端大风事件的时空分布和变化特征、发生的环流条件及其频次减少的可能原因。分析结果表明:(1)自20世纪80年代以来,青藏高原中东部区域性极端大风事件呈显著下降趋势,以95和99百分位定义的区域性极端大风日数每10年分别下降44天和11.6天,且变化主要表现为空间一致型,主要集中在高原东北部。(2)区域性极端大风发生期间,中高纬位势高度呈“西高东低”,低纬地区呈“西低东高”的分布形势,主要特征表现为蒙古-西伯利亚高压正异常,蒙古地区气旋式环流异常,高原东北部西风异常以及蒙古地区地表温度负异常。(3)全球变化背景下,春季西伯利亚高压强度减弱、上一个冬季东亚大槽强度加强致使高原南北两侧气压梯度减小、西风急流减弱导致动量下传减弱并且伴随着气旋性环流异常减弱,以及亚洲地表温度非均匀性上升使得南北温度梯度变小。这些大尺度环流和局地热力因子的协同影响可能是高原中东部区域性极端大风事件发生频次减少的重要原因。

关键词：青藏高原区域性极端大风东亚大槽地表温度

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Application of a Three-dimensional Variational Method for Radar Reflectivity Data Correction in a Mudslide-inducing Rainstorm Simulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第4期34卷 469-481页

作者： Hongli LI xiangde xu State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044China Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research Institute of Heavy RainChina Meteorological AdministrationWuhan 430205China

Various types of radars with different horizontal and vertical detection ranges are deployed in China, particularly over complex terrain where radar blind zones are common. In this study, a new variational method is developed to correct threedimensional radar reflectivity data based on hourly ground precipitation observations. The aim of this method is to improve the quality of observations of various types of radar and effectively assimilate operational Doppler radar observations. A mudslide-inducing local rainstorm is simulated by the WRF model with assimilation of radar reflectivity and radial velocity data using LAPS（Local Analysis and Prediction System）. Experiments with different radar data assimilated by LAPS are performed. It is found that when radar reflectivity data are corrected using this variational method and assimilated by LAPS,the atmospheric conditions and cloud physics processes are reasonably described. The temporal evolution of radar reflectivity corrected by the variational method corresponds well to observed rainfall. It can better describe the cloud water distribution over the rainfall area and improve the cloud water analysis results over the central rainfall region. The LAPS cloud analysis system can update cloud microphysical variables and represent the hydrometeors associated with strong convective activities over the rainfall area well. Model performance is improved and the simulation of the dynamical processes and moisture transport is more consistent with observation.

关键词： cloud analysis Doppler radar data rainstorm LAPS

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An emission source inversion model based on satellite data and its application in air quality forecasts

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 752-762页

作者： CHENG XingHong xu xiangde DING GuoAn Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081China National Climate Center Beijing 100081China

This paper aims at constructing an emission source inversion model using a variational processing method and adaptive nudging scheme for the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) based on satellite data to investigate the applicability of high resolution OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) column concentration data for air quality forecasts over the North China. The results show a reasonable consistency and good correlation between the spatial distributions of NO2 from surface and OMI satellite measurements in both winter and summer. Such OMI products may be used to implement integrated variational analysis based on observation data on the ground. With linear and variational corrections made, the spatial distribution of OMI NO2 clearly revealed more localized distributing characteristics of NO2 concentration. With such information, emission sources in the southwest and southeast of North China are found to have greater impacts on air quality in Beijing. When the retrieved emission source inventory based on high-resolution OMI NO2 data was used, the coupled Weather Research Forecasting CMAQ model (WRF-CMAQ) performed significantly better in forecasting NO2 concentration level and its tendency as reflected by the more consistencies between the NO2 concentrations from surface observation and model result. In conclusion, satellite data are particularly important for simulating NO2 concentrations on urban and street-block scale. High-resolution OMI NO2 data are applicable for inversing NOx emission source inventory, assessing the regional pollution status and pollution control strategy, and improving the model forecasting results on urban scale.

关键词： OMI NO2 product variational processing method emission source inversion model CMAQ air quality forecast

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Regional characteristics of the interdecadal turning of winter/summer climate modes in Chinese mainland

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第1期52卷 101-112页

作者： SHI XiaoHui xu xiangde Slate Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China

Tomé and Miranda’s climate trend turning discriminatory model is used to identify the spatial-temporal characteristics of the interdecadal turning of winter/summer climate modes at stations and in eight sub-areas over Chinese mainland based on the 1961–2000 observations. It is found that the stations with close occurrence years of the interdecadal trend turning (ITT) and coincident trends after the ITT exhibit a zonal distribution. A view is accordingly proposed that the interdecadal turnings of climate modes in China have remarkably regional structures. The research results show that after the early 1980s, winter climate over Chinese mainland overall trends towards a “warm-wet” mode, while summer climate had an abrupt change into “warm wet” mode in the late 1980s, suggesting that the time of the “warm-wet” mode turning for winter climate is earlier than that for summer climate. The regional characteristics and test results of the ITTs in eight sub-areas suggest that winter climate exhibits a distinctive “warm-dry” trend in North China after the late 1970s, and a slight “warm-dry” trend in Northeast China, South China, and Southwest China after the late 1980s. A “warm-wet” trend appears in the rest four sub-areas (the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River Valley, briefly Jianghuai, the east of the Tibetan plateau, and the east and west of Northwest China) after the early 1980s. The summer climate trends towards a “warm-dry” mode in Northeast China, North China and the east of Northwest China after the late 1980s, but a “warm-wet” mode appears in Southwest China and the east of the Tibetan plateau after the middle 1970s, as well as in Jianghuai and the west of Northwest China after the early 1980s. Specially, summer climate in South China started a “cold-wet” trend in 1984.

关键词：中国大陆气候夏季冬季

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The Upstream ＂Strong Signals＂ of the Water Vapor Transport over the Tibetan Plateau during a Heavy Rainfall Event in the Yangtze River Basin

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第12期33卷 1343-1350页

作者： Yang ZHAO xiangde xu Bin CHEN Yinjun Wang Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Jiangsu 210044 China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China

A heavy rainfall event that occurred over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin （YRB） during July 11-13 2000 is explored in this study. The potential/stream function is used to analyze the upstream ＂strong signals＂ of the water vapor transport in the Tibetan Plateau （TP）. The studied time period covers from 2000 LST 5 July to 2000 LST 15 July （temporal resolution： 6 hours）. By analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the water vapor flux, vorticity and divergence prior to and during the heavy rainfall event, the upstream ＂strong signals＂ related to this heavy rainfall event are revealed. A strong correlation exists between the heavy rainfall event in the YRB and the convective clouds over the TE The ＂convergence zone＂ of the water vapor transport is also identified, based on correlation analysis of the water vapor flux two days and one day prior to, and on the day of, the heavy rainfall. And this ＂convergence zone＂ coincides with the migration of the maximum rainfall over the YRB. This specific coupled structure actually plays a key role in generating heavy rainfall over the YRB. The eastward movement of the coupled system with a divergence]convergence center of the potential function at the upper/lower level resembles the spatiotemporal evolution of the heavy rainfall event over the YRB. These upstream ＂strong signals＂ are clearly traced in this study through analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the potential/stream function of upstream water vapor transport.

关键词： potential/stream function strong signals Yangtze River Basin heavy rainfall event

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Importance of orographic gravity waves over the Tibetan Plateau on the spring rainfall in East Asia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第11期66卷 2594-2602页

作者： Runqiu LI Xin xu xiangde xu Theodore G.SHEPHERD Yuan WANG Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/Ministry of Education and School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Meteorology University of ReadingEarley GatePO Box 243Reading RG66BBUK

The springtime persistent rainfall(SPR)is the major rainy period before the onset of summer monsoon in East Asia,which profoundly affects the regional and even global hydrological *** the great importance of the mechanical and thermal effects of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)large-scale orography on the formation of SPR,the impact of small-scale orography over the TP remains poorly *** we show that upward-propagating orographic gravity waves(OGWs),which occur as the subtropical westerlies interact with the TP's small-scale orography,contribute importantly to the *** breaking of OGWs induces a large zonal wave drag in the middle troposphere,which drives a meridional circulation across the *** rising branch of the meridional circulation acts to lower the pressure and increase the meridional pressure gradient to the south of the TP by dynamically pumping the lower-tropospheric air *** southwesterly monsoonal flow on the southeastern flank of the TP thus intensifies and transports more water vapor to East Asia,resulting in an enhancement of the *** finding helps more completely understand the impacts of TP's multiscale orography on the SPR and provides a new perspective on the westerly-monsoon synergy in East Asia.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Orographic gravity waves Monsoon Spring persistent rainfall

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