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Potential Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Developing Brain

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第2期39卷 343-347页

作者： xiang Yu Xiu xu State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology School of Life SciencesPeking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciencesand Peking University McGovern InstitutePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Autism Research Center of Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China Department of Child Healthcare Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China

By now,the COVID-19 pandemic has affected all corners of the world for over two years.Two years constitutes 4%of the life experience of a 50-year-old,or 50%of the life experience of a 4-year-old.Thus,in terms of the s... 详细信息

关键词： has she ID

Decomposition mechanisms of nuclear-grade cationic exchange resin by advanced oxidation processes:Statistical molecular fragmentation model and DFT calculations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 433-448页

作者： xiang Meng Pierre Désesquelles Lejin xu Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science&TechnologyWuhan 430074China CNRS Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des PlasmasUniversitéParis-SaclayOrsay 91405France State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The treatment and disposal of radioactive waste are presently facing great challenges.Spent ion exchange resins have become a focus of attention due to their high production and serious environmental risks.In this paper,a simplified model of cationic exchange resin is proposed,and the degradation processes of cationic resin monomer initiated by hydroxyl radicals(·OH)are clarified by combining statistical molecular fragmentation(SMF)model and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The prediction of active sites indicates that the S-O bonds and the C-S bond of the sulfonic group are more likely to react during the degradation.The meta-position of the sulfonic group on the benzene ring is the most active site,and the benzene ring without the sulfonic group has a certain reactivity.The C11-C14 and C17-C20 bonds,on the carbon skeleton,are the most easily broken.It is also found that dihydroxy addition and elimination reactions play a major role in the process of desulfonation,carbon skeleton cleavage and benzene ring separation.The decomposition mechanisms found through the combination of physical models and chemical calculations,provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

关键词： Cationic exchange resin Statistical molecular fragmentation model Density functional theory Hydroxyl radical Decomposition mechanism

Binary neural networks for speech recognition

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019年第5期20卷 701-715页

作者： Yan-min QIAN xu Xiang Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China SpeechLab Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

Recently, deep neural networks(DNNs) significantly outperform Gaussian mixture models in acoustic modeling for speech recognition. However, the substantial increase in computational load during the inference stage makes deep models difficult to directly deploy on low-power embedded devices. To alleviate this issue,structure sparseness and low precision fixed-point quantization have been applied widely. In this work, binary neural networks for speech recognition are developed to reduce the computational cost during the inference stage.A fast implementation of binary matrix multiplication is introduced. On modern central processing unit(CPU)and graphics processing unit(GPU) architectures, a 5–7 times speedup compared with full precision floatingpoint matrix multiplication can be achieved in real applications. Several kinds of binary neural networks and related model optimization algorithms are developed for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition acoustic modeling. In addition, to improve the accuracy of binary models, knowledge distillation from the normal full precision floating-point model to the compressed binary model is explored. Experiments on the standard Switchboard speech recognition task show that the proposed binary neural networks can deliver 3–4 times speedup over the normal full precision deep models. With the knowledge distillation from the normal floating-point models, the binary DNNs or binary convolutional neural networks(CNNs) can restrict the word error rate(WER) degradation to within 15.0%,compared to the normal full precision floating-point DNNs or CNNs, respectively. Particularly for the binary CNN with binarization only on the convolutional layers, the WER degradation is very small and is almost negligible with the proposed approach.

关键词： Speech recognition Binary neural net works Binary matrix multiplication Knowledge distillation Population count

A Breakthrough Point in Integrative Medical Research:Challenge of Treating Overlapping Symptoms in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第6期28卷 554-559页

作者： TANG xu-dong MA xiang-xue Institute of Spleen and Stomach Diseases Xiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing100091China

Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)are common disorders that are characterized by persistent and recurring gastrointestinal symptoms.Many patients with FGIDs have overlapping symptoms,which impaired the quality of life and ability to work of patients,and left a considerable impact on health-care systems and society.Chinese medicines(CMs)are commonly utilized by many patients with FGIDs.This article discusses the current status of diagnosis and treatment of FGIDs,the advantages and characteristics of CM treatment,and how integrated medicine can make a breakthrough in FGIDs diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： functional gastrointestinal disorders overlapping symptoms integrative medicine

A new strategy for tube leakage and blockage detection using bubble motion-based solid-liquid triboelectric sensor

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第2期65卷 282-292页

作者： ZHANG XiaoLong DONG Yang xu Xiang QIN HongLing WANG DaoAi Hubei Key Laboratory of Hydroelectric Machinery Design&Maintenance China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials Qingdao 266100China

Exploring a rapid, reliable, and practical means to detect blockages and leakages in liquid pipelines and accurately locate their positions is of great importance in practical engineering applications. Here, we report a bubble motion-based triboelectric sensor(BM-TES) for detecting and locating the blockages and leaks inside a plastic tube. This simple-designed, environment-friendly,non-damaging sensor is composed of several ring-shaped Cu electrodes distributed on a polytetrafluoroethylene tube. The selfpowered movement of the bubble under the action of buoyancy makes the inner wall of the tube change from the original solidliquid phase to the gas-solid-liquid phase, which results in a short-term contact and separation between the liquid and the wall.Based on the fractional triboelectric effect of the liquid-solid contact, an obvious real-time stable voltage peak will be generated where the detection bubble passes. The obvious peaks of the open-circuit voltage with respect to time correspond with the electrode distribution. Then, the peaks can be utilized as a robust and sensitive indicator for detecting blockage and leakage, as the number of obvious peaks of the open-circuit voltage is directly related to the blockage and leakage location. The blockage and leakage in a fluid tube were successfully detected using the BM-TES with an accuracy of 10 cm. In addition, the BE-TES was able to detect the water flow velocity in the pipe. The experimental results showed that BM-TES can provide a new strategy and method for liquid tube monitoring and has great potential application value in related fields.

关键词： solid-liquid triboelectric self-powered bubble blockage leakage

INVERSION OF TRACE FORMULAS FOR A STURM-LIOUVILLE OPERATOR

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2022年第3期40卷 396-414页

作者： xiang xu Jian Zhai School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Institute for Advanced Study The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

This paper revisits the classical problem“Can we hear the density of a string?”,which can be formulated as an inverse spectral problem for a Sturm-Liouville operator.Instead of inverting the map from density to spectral data directly,we propose a novel method to reconstruct the density based on inverting a sequence of trace formulas which bridge the density and its spectral data clearly in terms of a series of nonlinear integral equations.Numerical experiments are presented to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed numerical algorithm.The impact of different parameters involved in the algorithm is also discussed.

关键词： Inverse spectral problem Sturm-Liouville operator Trace formulas

“人体再生复原科学”及全球推进计划开始——在广西中医药大学第一附属医院的考察演讲

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中国烧伤创疡杂志 2015年第3期27卷 157-167页

作者：徐荣祥北京荣祥再生医学研究所北京100020

徐荣祥教授是人体再生复原科学体系及再生人世界的奠基人,让人体再生复原科学造福世界人民是徐荣祥教授毕生追求的事业。2015年3月为实现"争取用4年左右的时间消灭全球糖尿病足截肢"的目标,前往广西、广东、山西等多地进行终止糖尿病足... 详细信息

徐荣祥教授是人体再生复原科学体系及再生人世界的奠基人,让人体再生复原科学造福世界人民是徐荣祥教授毕生追求的事业。2015年3月为实现"争取用4年左右的时间消灭全球糖尿病足截肢"的目标,前往广西、广东、山西等多地进行终止糖尿病足截肢大使临床培训基地的考察。本文是根据他在广西中医药大学第一附属医院的考察演讲整理。这次演讲高度概括了人体再生复原科学的发展历史、基础研究成果、临床应用成果等多项内容,为广大读者呈现了一幅波澜壮阔的人体再生复原科学画面。徐荣祥教授虽然走了,但人体再生复原科学的长河依旧会奔流前行。

关键词：人体再生复原科学再生人世界糖尿病足全球推进计划

The future of care and clinical research in autism-recommendations from the 2021 Lancet Commission

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Medical Review 2022年第3期2卷 216-218页

作者： xiang Yu Xiu xu State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology School of Life SciencesPeking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesIDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking University5 Yiheyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100871China Autism Research Center of Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191China and Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China Department of Child Healthcare Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China

At least 78 million people worldwide are affected by autism,a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interactions,and repetitive behaviors and/or interests.Autism typically manifests in early childhood,and affects social communications and behaviors throughout the lifespan of the individual.Under the umbrella of autism spectrum disorder,it is a highly heterogeneous disorder,with some individuals profoundly affected and needing care every day,while others can live highly independent lives,with some adjustments.The past 60 years has seen a major influx of interest in autism,and significant advances in many areas.However,a large gap remains between current scientific knowledge and the help and support that people with autism and their families need.To address these concerns,the Lancet commissioned a report on the“future of care and clinical research in autism”.The Commission calls for government coordination between health-care,education and social sectors,as well as active participation from people with autism and their families.The Commission proposes personalized,evidence-based assessments and intervention,that is accessible and affordable to all,and call for increased appreciation of neurodiversity and prioritization of research that can improve the lives of people with autism and their families.How to support each and every autistic individual and their families is highly challenging.The 64-page Lancet Commission Report,published on December 2021,was written jointly by 32 authors from 6 continents and 13 disciplines,including clinicians,other health-care providers,researchers,advocates,autistic individuals and their parents.

关键词： autism autism spectrum disorder neurodevelopmental disorder

Carbon-supported high-entropy Co-Zn-Cd-Cu-Mn sulfide nanoarrays promise high-performance overall water splitting

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Nano Research 2022年第7期15卷 6054-6061页

作者： Yuanting Lei Lili Zhang Wenjing xu Chengli Xiong Wenxing Chen xu Xiang Bing Zhang Huishan Shang School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Energy&Catalysis Center School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Transition metal sulfides with homogeneous multi-metallic elements promise high catalytic performance for water electrolysis owing to the unique structure and highly tailorable electrochemical property.Most existing synthetic routes require high temperature to ensure the uniform mixing of various elements,making the synthesis highly challenging.Here,for the first-time novel carbon fiber supported high-entropy Co-Zn-Cd-Cu-Mn sulfide(CoZnCdCuMnS@CF)nanoarrays are fabricated by the mild cation exchange strategy.Benefiting from the synergistic effect among multiple metals and the strong interfacial bonding between high-entropy Co-Zn-Cd-Cu-Mn sulfide nanoarrays and the carbon fiber support,CoZnCdCuMnS@CF exhibits superior catalytic activity and stability toward overall water splitting in alkaline medium.Impressively,CoZnCdCuMnS@CF only needs low overpotentials of 173 and 220 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA•cm^(−2),with excellent durability for over 70 and 113 h for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)respectively.More importantly,the bifunctional electrode(CoZnCdCuMnS@CF||CoZnCdCuMnS@CF)for overall water splitting can deliver a small cell voltage of 1.63 V to afford 10 mA•cm^(−2) and exhibit outstanding stability of negligible decay after 73 h continuous operation.This work provides a viable synthesis route toward advanced high-entropy materials with great potential applications.

关键词： electrocatalysis high-entropy metal sulfides oxygen evolution reaction hydrogen evolution reaction low-temperature cation exchange