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Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Reveals Cardiac Macrophage Landscape in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第2期19卷 233-246页

作者： Xiaozhuo xu Yilin Huang xu han First Clinical Medical College Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210008China Department of Geriatrics Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210029China

Background:Hypoplastic left heart syndrome(HLHS)is one of the most challenging congenital heart diseases in clinical treatment.In cardiac tissues,resident macrophages fulfill critical functions in maintaining a stable cardiac state and have strong regenerative capacity and organ specificity.However,the molecular mechanisms of macro-phages in HLHS remained unclear.Methods:Single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)data of HLHS and healthy control(donors)samples obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database were normalized and clustered using the Seurat package.The“FindMarkers”function was used to screen differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the HLHS and donor groups and to analyze the functional enrichment of the set of genes of interest.Finally,cell-cell communication,pseudotime,and single-cell regulatory network inference and cluster-ing(SCENIC)analyses were used to study the mechanisms of macrophages in HLHS.Results:Based on the snRNA-seq data of HLHS and donors,we identified a total of 9 cell clusters,among which the proportion of macrophages was significantly less in the HLHS group than in the control group.Subdivision of macrophage subpopulations(Macrophages 1,2,and 3)showed that Macrophages 1 was mainly involved in nervous system development,angiogenesis,and apoptotic processes.In addition,analysis of communication between Macro-phages 1 and cardiomyocytes revealed that ligand-acceptor pairs such as GAS6/AXL,IL6,IGF1,THY1,and L1CAM were present only in the donor group.Finally,pesudotime and SCENIC analyses demonstrated that FOXO3 and ELF2 played a critical role for Macrophages 1 to maintain cardiac function in patients with HLHS.Conclusion:Our study improved the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of macrophage devel-opment in HLHS,showing that manipulating the regulatory role of macrophages in the heart can be a novel treat-ment for HLHS.

关键词： Hypoplastic left heart syndrome single-nucleus RNA sequencing macrophage cellular subpopulation transcription factor

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Enhanced corrosion resistance of epoxy resin coating via addition of CeO_(2) and benzotriazole

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 89-96页

作者： xu han Ruijie Guo Baolong Niu Hong Yan College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

The use of fillers to enhance the corrosion protection of epoxy resins has been widely applied.In this work,cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))and benzotriazole(BTA)were introduced into an epoxy resin to enhance the corrosion resistance of Q235 carbon steel.Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the CeO_(2) grains were rod-like and ellipsoidal in shape,and the distribution pattern of BTA was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscope.The dynamic potential polarization curve proved the excellent corrosion resistance of the composite epoxy resin with CeO_(2) and BTA co-addition,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test analysis indicated the significantly enhanced long-term corrosion protection performance of the composite coating.And the optimal protective performance was provided by the coating containing 0.3%(mass)CeO_(2) and 20%(mass)BTA,which was attributed to the barrier performance of CeO_(2) particles and the chemical barrier effect of BTA.The formation of corrosion products was analyzed using X-ray diffraction.In addition,the corrosion resistance mechanism of the coating was also discussed in detail.

关键词： Benzotriazole Cerium dioxide Corrosion resistance Carbon steel Epoxy resin coating Preparation

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A Novel On-Site-Real-Time Method for Identifying Characteristic Parameters Using Ultrasonic Echo Groups and Neural Network

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第1期37卷 215-228页

作者： Shuyong Duan Jialin Zhang Heng Ouyang xu han Guirong Liu State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of CincinnatiCincinnati 45221USA

On-site and real-time non-destructive measurement of elastic constants for materials of a component in a in-service structure is a challenge due to structural complexities,such as ambiguous boundary,variable thickness,nonuniform material properties.This work develops for the first time a method that uses ultrasound echo groups and artificial neural network(ANN)for reliable on-site real-time identification of material parameters.The use of echo groups allows the use of lower frequencies,and hence more accommodative to structural complexity.To train the ANNs,a numerical model is established that is capable of computing the waveform of ultrasonic echo groups for any given set of material properties of a given structure.The waveform of an ultrasonic echo groups at an interest location on the surface the structure with material parameters varying in a predefined range are then computed using the numerical model.This results in a set of dataset for training the ANN model.Once the ANN is trained,the material parameters can be identified simultaneously using the actual measured echo waveform as input to the ANN.Intensive tests have been conducted both numerically and experimentally to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the currently proposed method.The results show that the maximum identification error of numerical example is less than 2%,and the maximum identification error of experimental test is less than 7%.Compared with currently prevailing methods and equipment,the proposefy the density and thickness,in addition to the elastic constants.Moreover,the reliability and accuracy of inverse prediction is significantly improved.Thus,it has broad applications and enables real-time field measurements,which has not been fulfilled by any other available methods or equipment.

关键词： Parameter identification Ultrasonic echo group High-precision modeling Artificial neural network NDT

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Effect of proppant sizes and injection modes on proppant transportation and distribution in the tortuous fracture model

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 261-280页

作者： Jun Li xu han Siyuan He Mingyi Wu Xin Huang Nianyin Li State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College Chongqing401120China Sichuan Particles Energy and Technology Co. LtdChengdu611630China Engineering Technology Research Institute of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company Chengdu610017China

Particle-fluid transport and placement mechanism in tortuous fracture played a crucial role in uncon-ventional reservoirs.Currently,most studies focused on mono-size proppant with fluid transport pro-cesses in tortuous fractures.However,the mixture-size proppant with fluid movement mechanism in tortuous fracture was still uncommon.Therefore,this study designed and applied a series of experiments with a physical analog model of a tortuous fracture with 120°and 90°-angled bends and combined high-speed camera-based equipment.This experimental system was used to track different-mixture-sized proppant particle motion trajectories for a series of proppant injection schemes;The following conclu-sions were drawn from this study:1.The pile-up processes mechanism in all investigated schemes were similar and could be reduced to four main stages.2.The packing structure at both sides of the fracture wall had different variation rates,which were controlled by the mix ratio(change from 1∶1-1∶5)of proppant size.3.Some new packing patterns,such as Zebra Stripe,had occurred,controlled by the different proppant injection sequences.4.Small-sized mono-proppant(30/50 mesh)had the highest transport efficiency in the tortuous fracture,followed by the mixed-sized multi-proppant(10/20 mesh:30/50 mesh),large-sized proppant(10/20 mesh)was the worst.5.An optimized alternating in-jection mode was recommended as injecting small-sized proppant first(30/50 mesh)and followed by mixed-sized multi-proppant(10/20 mesh:30/50 mesh),which could contribute to obtaining the optimal both proppant packing height and travel distance in tortuous fracture.6.Two correlations were devel-oped for predicting the proppant packing height and transportation distance.

关键词： Tortuous fracture model Mixed-sized proppant Multi-sized proppant injection mode Proppant motion and distribution Packing mechanism

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Rare earth inorganic-organic hybrid compounds based on Keggin-type polyoxometalate {SiW_(12)} with fast-responsive photochromism and switchable luminescence properties

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第2期42卷 286-292,I0003页

作者： Hong Cui Yanli Yang xue Bai xu han Wensha Zhang Ying Lu Shuxia Liu Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of ChemistryNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China

Four rare earth inorganic-organic hybrid compounds based on Keggin-type polyoxometalate {SiW_(12)}with general formula [{RE(DMF)_(4)(H_(2)O)_4RE(DMF)_(6)}_(2){SiW_(12)O_(40)}_(3)](RE = La(1),Pr(2),Sm(3),Eu(4),DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide) were synthesized by the conventional solution method.Structure analyses indicate that four compounds are isostructural and are all built from three [SiW_(12)O_(40)]^(4-) polyoxoanions and DMF ligands linked by RE^(3+).Compounds 1-4 are extremely sensitive to UV light and present excellent photochromic properties,in which the coloring and fading time of samples are both no more than 2 min,and the reversible coloring-fading process can be repeated for at least 10 cycles with little fatigue,suggesting that compounds 1-4 can be a series of fast-responsive and durable photochromic materials.Moreover,the solid-state photoluminescence spectra of compounds 3(Sm) and 4(Eu)display strong characteristic emissions of rare earth ions based on f-f transitions.Meanwhile,compound4(Eu) has a longer fluorescence lifetime up to 566.74 μs.Notably,co mpounds 3(Sm) and 4(Eu) exhibit the switchable luminescence behavior induced by photochromism,which allows them to be used as potential molecular switches.

关键词： Inorganic-organic hybrid Keggin-type polyoxometalates Rare earths Photochromism Photoluminescence

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Mastering air combat game with deep reinforcement learning

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 295-312页

作者： Jingyu Zhu Minchi Kuang Wenqing Zhou Heng Shi Jihong Zhu xu han Department of Precision Instruments Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Chengdu Aircraft Design&Research Institute Aviation Industry Corporation of ChinaChengdu 610000China

Reinforcement learning has been applied to air combat problems in recent years,and the idea of curriculum learning is often used for reinforcement learning,but traditional curriculum learning suffers from the problem of plasticity loss in neural networks.Plasticity loss is the difficulty of learning new knowledge after the network has converged.To this end,we propose a motivational curriculum learning distributed proximal policy optimization(MCLDPPO)algorithm,through which trained agents can significantly outperform the predictive game tree and mainstream reinforcement learning methods.The motivational curriculum learning is designed to help the agent gradually improve its combat ability by observing the agent's unsatisfactory performance and providing appropriate rewards as a guide.Furthermore,a complete tactical maneuver is encapsulated based on the existing air combat knowledge,and through the flexible use of these maneuvers,some tactics beyond human knowledge can be realized.In addition,we designed an interruption mechanism for the agent to increase the frequency of decisionmaking when the agent faces an emergency.When the number of threats received by the agent changes,the current action is interrupted in order to reacquire observations and make decisions again.Using the interruption mechanism can significantly improve the performance of the agent.To simulate actual air combat better,we use digital twin technology to simulate real air battles and propose a parallel battlefield mechanism that can run multiple simulation environments simultaneously,effectively improving data throughput.The experimental results demonstrate that the agent can fully utilize the situational information to make reasonable decisions and provide tactical adaptation in the air combat,verifying the effectiveness of the algorithmic framework proposed in this paper.

关键词： Air combat MCLDPPO Interruption mechanism Digital twin Distributed system

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Protective Effects of Danmu Extract Syrup on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice through Endothelial Barrier Repair

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期30卷 243-250页

作者： xu han xu Si-cong LI Li-yan WU Yu-huang TAN Yin-feng CHEN Long LIU Pei LIANG Chang-fu HE Xiao-ning LI Yong-hui Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Research&Development on Tropic Herbs Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199China Department of Stomatology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199China

Objective:To investigate the effects of Danmu Extract Syrup(DMS) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in mice and explore the mechanism.Methods:Seventy-two male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to a random number table(n=12),including control(normal saline),LPS(5 mg/kg),LPS+DMS 2.5 mL/kg,LPS+DMS 5 mL/kg,LPS+DMS 10 mL/kg,and LPS+Dexamethasone(DXM,5 mg/kg) groups.After pretreatment with DMS and DXM,the ALI mice model was induced by LPS,and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were collected to determine protein concentration,cell counts and inflammatory cytokines.The lung tissues of mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin,and the wet/dry weight ratio(W/D) of lung tissue was calculated.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1βin BALF of mice were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The expression levels of Claudin-5,vascular endothelial(VE)-cadherin,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt) and Akt were detected by Western blot analysis.Results:DMS pre-treatment significantly ameliorated lung histopathological changes.Compared with the LPS group,the W/D ratio and protein contents in BALF were obviously reduced after DMS pretreatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The number of cells in BALF and myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity decreased significantly after DMS pretreatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).DMS pre-treatment decreased the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β(P<0.01).Meanwhile,DMS activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt) pathway and reversed the expressions of Claudin-5,VE-cadherin and VEGF(P<0.01).Conclusions:DMS attenuated LPS-induced ALI in mice through repairing endothelial barrier.It might be a potential therapeutic drug for LPS-induced lung injury.

关键词： Danmu Extract Syrup acute lung injury inflammatory factors vascular endothelial growth factor phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B Chinese medicine Nauclea officinalis

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Sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone sulfone)modified by polyoxometalates LaW_(10) clusters for proton exchange membranes with high proton conduction performance

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 454-464页

作者： Meng-Long Liu xu han Wen-Wen He Feng-Yu Jiang Fang Ji Wang-Wang Shen Tao Zhou Jing-Mei xu Ya-Qian Lan School of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of TechnologyChangchun 130012China Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of TechnologyChangchun 130012China School of Chemistry South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Polyoxometalates(POMs)are classified as solid superacids which can exhibit notable proton conductivity,making them a promising functional inorganic filler for enhancing the proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes(PEMs).In this study,a series of hybrid membranes were obtained by molecular-level hybridization of Weakley-type POM Na_(7)H_(2)LaW_(10)O_(36)(LaW_(10))clusters into sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone sulfone)(SPAEKS).All hybrid membranes exhibited greater proton conductivity than the pristine membrane in the 30–80℃temperature range.When the doping amount of LaW 10 reached 7 wt.%,the proton conductivity of M-LaW 10^(-7)achieved 64 mS·cm^(−1)at 80℃.Lanthanide ions'high coordination number property and variable coordination environment can aid to attract more water molecules from the environment.LaW 10 and these bound water can construct denser hydrogen bonds with–SO_(3)H of SPAEKS.These intensive hydrogen bonds will facilitate the constitution of more continuous proton transport channels,and improve the proton conductivity of the hybrid membrane.This work off ers a fresh approach to using POMs containing rare-earth components in PEMs.

关键词： Polyoxometalates Rare-earth elements Sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone sulfone) Proton exchange membranes

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The genetic basis and process of inbreeding depression in an elite hybrid rice

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年第8期 1727-1738页

作者： Xiaodong xu Yawen xu Jian Che xu han Zhengji Wang Xianmeng Wang Qinghua Zhang xu Li Qinglu Zhang Jinghua Xiao Xianghua Li Qifa Zhang Yidan Ouyang National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural University

Inbreeding depression refers to the reduced performance arising from increased homozygosity,a phenomenon that is the reverse of heterosis and exists among plants and animals.As a natural self-pollinated crop with strong heterosis,the mechanism of inbreeding depression in rice is largely unknown.To understand the genetic basis of inbreeding depression,we constructed a successive inbreeding population from the F2to F4generation and observed inbreeding depression of all heterotic traits in the progeny along with the decay of heterozygosity in each generation.The expected depression effect was largely explained by 13 QTLs showing dominant effects for spikelets per panicle,11 for primary branches,and 12 for secondary branches,and these loci constitute the main correlation between heterosis and inbreeding depression.However,the genetic basis of inbreeding depression is also distinct from that of heterosis,such that a biased transmission ratio of alleles for QTLs with either dominant or additive effects in four segregation distortion regions would result in minor effects in expected depression.Noticeably,two-locus interactions may change the extent and direction of the depression effects of the target loci,and overall interactions would promote inbreeding depression among generations.Using an F2:3variation population,the actual performance of the loci showing expected depression was evaluated considering the heterozygosity decay in the background after inbreeding.We found inconsistent or various degrees of background depression from the F2to F3generation assuming different genotypes of the target locus,which may affect the actual depression effect of the locus due to epistasis.The results suggest that the genetic architecture of inbreeding depression and heterosis is closely linked but also differs in their intrinsic mechanisms,which expand our understanding of the whole-genome architecture of inbreeding depression.

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Covalent triazine frameworks modified by ultrafine Pt nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4908-4915页

作者： xu han xueying Ge Wen-Wen He Wangwang Shen Tao Zhou Jian-Sen Wang Rong-Lin Zhong Abdullah MAl-Enizi Ayman Nafady Shengqian Ma School of Chemistry and Life Science Advanced Institute of Materials ScienceChangchun University of TechnologyChangchun 130012China Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Institute of Theoretical ChemistryCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130021China Department of Chemistry University of North Texas1508 W.Mulberry St.DentonTX 76201USA Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

Pt nanoparticles(PtNPs)as active species have always been considered as one of the best semiconductor materials for photocatalytic hydrogen production.In this study,a Schottky heterojunction has been successfully constructed by evenly loading ultrafine PtNPs onto a triazine-based covalent organic frameworks(COFs).This strategy maintained the high activity of these ultra-small PtNPs while maximizing the utilization of the Pt active sites.The fabricated PtNPs@covalent triazine-based framework-1(CTF-1)composite accomplished a significantly high rate of hydrogen evolution(20.0 mmol·g^(−1)·h^(−1),apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)=7.6%,atλ=450 nm)with 0.40 wt.%Pt loading,giving rise to a 44-fold-increase in the efficiency of the photocatalytic hydrogen production compared to the pristine CTF-1.Theoretical calculations revealed that the strong electron transfer(Q(Pt)=−0.726 qe,in the analysis of Bader charge,Q(Pt)is the charge quantity transferred from Pt cluster to CTF-1,and qe is the unit of charge transfer quantity)between PtNPs and CTF-1 triggers a strong interaction,which makes PtNPs being firmly attached to the structure of CTF-1,thereby enabling high stability and excellent hydrogen production efficiency.Importantly,the hydrogen binding free energy(ΔGH*)of PtNPs@CTF-1 is much lower than that of the unmodified CTF-1,leading to a much lower intermediate state and hence a significant improvement in photocatalytic performance.The overall findings of this work provide a new platform to incorporate metallic NPs into COFs for the design and fabrication of highly efficient photocatalysts.

关键词： Pt nanoparticles covalent triazine-based framework-1(CTF-1) photocatalysts hydrogen evolution reaction

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