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Impacts of Aggregation Methods and Trophospecies Number on the Structure and Function of Marine Food Webs

Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第1期23卷 190-198页

作者： LI Pengcheng ZHANG Chongliang xu binduo JI Yupeng LI Fan REN Yiping xuE Ying Laboratory of Fisheries Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment College of FisheriesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Field Observation and Research Station of Haizhou Bay Fishery Ecosystem Ministry of EducationQingdao 266003China Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine EcologyYantai 264006China Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China

Aggregation of species with similar ecological properties is one of the effective methods to simplify food web researches.However,species aggregation will affect not only the complexity of modeling process but also the accuracy of models’outputs.Selection of aggregation methods and the number of trophospecies are the keys to study the simplification of food web.In this study,three aggregation methods,including taxonomic aggregation(TA),structural equivalence aggregation(SEA),and self-organizing maps(SOM),were analyzed and compared with the linear inverse model–Markov Chain Monte Carlo(LIM-MCMC)model.Impacts of aggregation methods and trophospecies number on food webs were evaluated based on the robustness and unitless of ecological net-work indices.Results showed that aggregation method of SEA performed better than the other two methods in estimating food web structure and function indices.The effects of aggregation methods were driven by the differences in species aggregation principles,which will alter food web structure and function through the redistribution of energy flow.According to the results of mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)which can be applied to evaluate the accuracy of the model,we found that MAPE in food web indices will increase with the reducing trophospecies number,and MAPE in food web function indices were smaller and more stable than those in food web structure indices.Therefore,trade-off between simplifying food webs and reflecting the status of ecosystem should be con-sidered in food web studies.These findings highlight the importance of aggregation methods and trophospecies number in the analy-sis of food web simplification.This study provided a framework to explore the extent to which food web models are affected by dif-ferent species aggregation,and will provide scientific basis for the construction of food webs.

关键词： LIM-MCMC model species aggregation trophospecies number aggregation methods food web indices

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Performances of Clustering Methods Considering Data Transformation and Sample Size: An Evaluation with Fisheries Survey Data

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第3期19卷 659-668页

作者： WO Jia ZHANG Chongliang xu binduo xuE Ying REN Yiping College of Fisheries Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Science and Food Production Processes National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

Clustering is a group of unsupervised statistical techniques commonly used in many disciplines. Considering their applications to fish abundance data, many technical details need to be considered to ensure reasonable interpretation. However, the reliability and stability of the clustering methods have rarely been studied in the contexts of fisheries. This study presents an intensive evaluation of three common clustering methods, including hierarchical clustering(HC), K-means(KM), and expectation-maximization(EM) methods, based on fish community surveys in the coastal waters of Shandong, China. We evaluated the performances of these three methods considering different numbers of clusters, data size, and data transformation approaches, focusing on the consistency validation using the index of average proportion of non-overlap(APN). The results indicate that the three methods tend to be inconsistent in the optimal number of clusters. EM showed relatively better performances to avoid unbalanced classification, whereas HC and KM provided more stable clustering results. Data transformation including scaling, square-root, and log-transformation had substantial influences on the clustering results, especially for KM. Moreover, transformation also influenced clustering stability, wherein scaling tended to provide a stable solution at the same number of clusters. The APN values indicated improved stability with increasing data size, and the effect leveled off over 70 samples in general and most quickly in EM. We conclude that the best clustering method can be chosen depending on the aim of the study and the number of clusters. In general, KM is relatively robust in our tests. We also provide recommendations for future application of clustering analyses. This study is helpful to ensure the credibility of the application and interpretation of clustering methods.

关键词： hierarchical cluster K-means cluster expectation-maximization cluster optimal number of clusters stability data transformation

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Annual Variations of Biogenic Element Contents of Manila Clam(Ruditapes philippinarum) Bottom-Cultivated in Jiaozhou Bay, China

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2014年第4期13卷 637-646页

作者： ZAN Xiaoxiao xu binduo ZHANG Chongliang REN Yiping College of Fisheries Ocean University of China

Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum) was monthly sampled from its benthic aquaculture area in Jiaozhou Bay from May 2009 to June 2010. The annual variations of major elemental composition, organic content, fatness and element ratio of Manila clam were examined. The element removal effect of clam farming in Jiaozhou Bay was analyzed based on natural mortality and clam harvest. The results indicated that the variation trend of carbon content in shell(Cshell) was similar to that in clam(Cclam). Such a variation was higher in summer and autumn than in other seasons, which ranged from 9.10 ± 0.13 to 10.38 ± 0.09 mmol g-1 and from 11.28 ± 0.29 to 12.36 ± 0.06 mmol g-1, respectively. Carbon content of flesh(Cflesh) showed an opposite variation trend to that of shell in most months, varying from 29.42 ± 0.05 to 33.64 ± 0.62 mmol g-1. Nitrogen content of shell(Nshell) and flesh(Nflesh) changed seasonally, which was relatively low in spring and summer. Nshell and Nflesh varied from 0.07 ± 0.009 to 0.14 ± 0.009 mmol g-1 and from 5.46 ± 0.12 to 7.39 ± 0.43 mmol g-1, respectively. Total nitrogen content of clam ranged from 0.50 ± 0.003 to 0.76 ± 0.10 mmol g-1 with a falling tend except for a high value in March 2010. Phosphorus content of clam(Nclam) fluctuated largely, while phosphorus content of shell(Pshell) was less varied than that of flesh(Pflesh). Pshell varied from 0.006 ± 0.001 to 0.016 ± 0.001 mmol g-1; while Pflesh fluctuated between 0.058 ± 0.017 and 0.293 ± 0.029 mmol g-1. Pclam ranged from 0.015 ± 0.002 to 0.041 ± 0.006 mmol g-1. Carbon and nitrogen content were slightly affected by shell length, width or height. Elemental contents were closely related to the reproduction cycle. The removal amounts of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from clam harvest and natural death in Jiaozhou Bay were 2.92×104 t, 1420 t and 145 t, respectively. The nutrient removal may aid to reduce the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, the main causes of eutrophication, and to maintain the ecosystem health of Jiaozhou Bay.

关键词：菲律宾蛤仔元素组成胶州湾马尼拉总氮含量自然死亡率季节性变化栽培

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Stock Structure Analysis of the Japanese Spanish Mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius(Cuvier, 1832) Along the China Coast Based on Truss Network

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第2期19卷 446-452页

作者： JIANG Yiqian ZHANG Chi YE Zhenjiang xu binduo TIAN Yongjun WATANABE Yoshiro College of Fisheries Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo5-1-5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277-8564Japan

The Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius(Cuvier,1832)is widely distributed in the subtropical and temperate waters of the northwestern Pacific Ocean,supporting one of the most important commercial fisheries in China.However,ignoring the potential population structure changes induced by fishing pressure and climate change may undermine the population stability under the current management strategy.In this study,the population structure of the Japanese Spanish mackerel was investigated based on a morphometric truss network system.A total of 534 individuals were randomly collected from commercial gill nets spanning eight major spawning grounds in the Bohai,Yellow,and East China Seas during the peak spawning seasons respectively.A total of 17 measurements(including eye diameter)were conducted in each specimen and subjected to principal component analysis(PCA)and discriminant function analysis(DFA).The results of PCA indicated that the first two factors cumulatively caused 78.38%of the total morphometric variation and observable differences,primarily fin the caudal and trunk areas.The results of DFA revealed that the eight spawning groups can be divided into three stocks,i.e.,southern,middle,and northern stocks,with 68.7%of total accuracy.In contrast to previous studies,the spawning groups of the Japanese Spanish mackerel demonstrated a tendency to disperse to northern regions.In conclusion,this study found that to maintain the stability of the population structure and the total production of Japanese Spanish mackerel S.niphonius(Cuvier,1832),a newly revised management method should be developed and implemented.

关键词： Japanese Spanish mackerel population structure truss morphometry management framework

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Distribution of Polychaete Assemblage in Relation to Natural Environmental Variation and Anthropogenic Stress

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2015年第4期14卷 749-758页

作者： ZAN Xiaoxiao ZHANG Chongliang xu binduo xuE Ying REN Yiping College of Fisheries Ocean University of China

Polychaete are diverse species of the soft-bottom community, and are often used as indicators in environment monitoring programs. However, the effects of anthropogenic activities and natural environmental variation on polychaete assemblage are rarely addressed. The goals of this study are to identify the effects of natural environmental variation and anthropogenic stress on polychaete assemblage, and to explore the relationship between the polychaete assemblage structure and anthropogenic stress without considering the natural environmental variation. Based on the data collected from the surveys conducted in the tidal flat of Jiaozhou Bay, the relationship between polychaete assemblage structure and environmental variables was determined using multivariate statistical methods including hierarchical cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling(MDS) and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA). The results showed that the polychaete assemblage was dominated by two species, Amphictene japonica and Heteromastus filiformis, and could be divided into two subgroups characterized by high and low species abundance. CCA illustrated that the natural environmental variables including water temperature and the distance from coast had primary effects on the polychaete assemblage structure; while stress of contaminants, such as As and Hg, had the secondary influences; and stress from the aquacultured species, mainly Ruditapes philippinarum, had a limited effect. Colinearity between the natural environmental variables and anthropogenic stress variables caused a critical divergence in the interpretation of CCA results, which highlighted the risk of a lack of information in environment assessment. Glycinde gurjanovae, Sternaspis scutata and Eulalia bilineata may serve as the ‘contamination indicators', which need to be confirmed in future studies.

关键词：自然环境因素环境变化多毛类压力组合分布组合结构典范对应分析物种丰富度

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Growth and Mortality of Small Yellow Croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) Inhabiting Haizhou Bay of China

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2012年第4期11卷 557-561页

作者： LIU Qun xu binduo YE Zhenjiang REN Yiping College of Fisheries Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003P.R.China

Length frequency data of small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) were acquired from the survey vessel in May,July,September and December,2011 in Haizhou Bay of China.In this study,921 fish individuals were analyzed for the estimation of growth and mortality parameters.Between length and weight,the power coefficient b was 2.7321,2.9703,3.0418 and 2.7252 for the 4 surveying months,respectively.The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were 230mm(L ∞) and 0.26yr-1(K) as were calculated with ELEFAN method equipped in FiSAT computer package.With length-converted catch curve analysis,the total mortality rate(Z) and its 95% confidence interval were 2.16(1.69-2.64) yr-1,0.59(0.15-1.04) yr-1,1.16(0.80-1.52) yr-1 and 0.96(0.70-1.23) yr-1 for the 4 surveying months,respectively,with the pooled data the value was 1.15(0.81-1.48) yr-1.The natural mortality rate(M) was 0.516 yr-1 as was calculated with Pauly's equation(the annual average sea water temperature was 11℃).Therefore,fish mortality rate was 0.634 yr-1.The yield-per-recruit analysis indicated that when t c was 1,F max was 0.7 and F 0.1 was 0.55.Currently,the age at first capture is about 1 year and F current was 0.634.Therefore,F current was larger than F 0.1 and less than F max.This indicates that current fish mortality is at a dangerously high level.With Gulland method,the biological reference point for fishery(F opt) was estimated as 0.516 yr-1,lower than current fish mortality.Accordingly,reducing catch in the region was strongly recommended.

关键词：生长方程小黄鱼死亡率海州湾中国居住参数估计鱼类死亡

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Optimization of stratification scheme for a fishery-independent survey with multiple objectives

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第12期34卷 154-169页

作者： xu binduo REN Yiping CHEN Yong xuE Ying ZHANG Chongliang WAN Rong College of Fisheries Ocean University of China School of Marine Sciences University of Maine Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

Fishery-independent surveys are often used for collecting high quality biological and ecological data to support fisheries management. A careful optimization of fishery-independent survey design is necessary to improve the precision of survey estimates with cost-effective sampling efforts. We developed a simulation approach to evaluate and optimize the stratification scheme for a fishery-independent survey with multiple goals including estimation of abundance indices of individual species and species diversity indices. We compared the performances of the sampling designs with different stratification schemes for different goals over different months. Gains in precision of survey estimates from the stratification schemes were acquired compared to simple random sampling design for most indices. The stratification scheme with five strata performed the best. This study showed that the loss of precision of survey estimates due to the reduction of sampling efforts could be compensated by improved stratification schemes, which would reduce the cost and negative impacts of survey trawling on those species with low abundance in the fishery-independent survey. This study also suggests that optimization of a survey design differed with different survey objectives. A post-survey analysis can improve the stratification scheme of fishery-independent survey designs.

关键词： fishery-independent survey optimization stratified random sampling stratification scheme computer simulation

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Spatio-Temporal Variations in Co-Occurrence Patterns of Fish Communities in Haizhou Bay, China: Null Model Analysis

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第6期18卷 1497-1506页

作者： WANG Jiao ZHANG Chongliang xuE Ying CHEN Yong REN Yiping xu binduo College of Fisheries Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266037China School of Marine Sciences University of MaineOronoMaine 04469USA

Co-occurrence pattern of fish species plays an important role in understanding the spatio-temporal structure and the stability of fish community.Species coexistence may vary with time and space.The co-occurrence patterns of fish species were examined using the C-score under fixed-fixed null model for fish communities in spring and autumn over different years in the Haizhou Bay,China.The results showed that fish assemblages in the whole bay had non-random patterns in spring and autumn over different years.However,the fish co-occurrence patterns were different for the northern and southern fish assemblages in spring and autumn.The northern fish assemblage showed structured pattern,whereas the southern assemblage were randomly assembled in spring.The co-occurrence patterns of fish communities were relatively stable over different years,and the number of significant species pairs in northern assemblage was more than that in the southern assemblage.Environmental heterogeneity played an important role in determining the distributions of fish species that formed significant species pairs,which might affect the co-occurrence patterns of northern and southern assemblages further in the Haizhou Bay.

关键词： fish community Haizhou Bay null model analysis species co-occurrence pattern

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The impact of natural mortality variations on the performance of management procedures for Spanish mackerel(Scomberomorus niphonius) in the Yellow Sea, China

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第8期37卷 21-30页

作者： CHEN Ning ZHANG Chongliang SUN Ming xu binduo xuE Ying REN Yiping CHEN Yong College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Sciences University of Maine

Natural mortality rate（M） is one of the essential parameters in fishery stock assessment, however, the estimation of M is commonly rough and the changes of M due to natural and anthropogenic impacts have long been ignored.The simplification of M estimation and the influence of M variations on the assessment and management of fisheries stocks have been less well understood. This study evaluated the impacts of the changes in natural mortality of Spanish mackerel（Scomberomorus niphonius） on their management strategies with data-limited methods. We tested the performances of a variety of management procedures（MPs） with the variations of M in mackerel stock using diverse estimation methods. The results of management strategies evaluation showed that four management procedures DCAC, SPMSY, cur E75 and minlen Lopt1 were more robust to the changes of M than others; however, their performance were substantially influenced by the significant decrease of M from the 1970s to 2017. Relative population biomass（measure as the probability of B〉0.5 BMSY） increased significantly with the decrease of M, whereas the possibility of overfishing showed remarkable variations across MPs. The decrease of M had minor effects on the long-term yield of cur E75 and minlen Lopt1, and reduced the fluctuation of yield（measure as the probability of AAVY〈15%） for DCAC, SPMSY. In general, the different methods for M estimation showed minor effects on the performance of MPs, whereas the temporal changes of M showed substantial influences. Considering the fishery status of Spanish mackerel in China, we recommended that cur E75 has the best trade-off between fishery resources exploitation and conservation, and we also proposed the potentials and issues in their implementations.

关键词： fishery management uncertainty management strategy evaluation（MSE） data limited method DLMtool

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海州湾秋季矛尾虾虎鱼的摄食生态

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应用生态学报 2024年第4期35卷 961-969页

作者：陈晓琳陈皖徐宾铎张崇良纪毓鹏任一平薛莹中国海洋大学水产学院山东青岛266003 崂山实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室山东青岛266237 海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站山东青岛266003

对鱼类摄食生态开展研究是了解其生长发育、个体行为的重要途径,也是分析食物网结构和水生生态系统功能的关键。矛尾虾虎鱼是海州湾渔业生态系统中的主要鱼类之一,在营养结构研究中具有较大的生态价值。本研究基于2018年秋季海州湾底拖... 详细信息

对鱼类摄食生态开展研究是了解其生长发育、个体行为的重要途径,也是分析食物网结构和水生生态系统功能的关键。矛尾虾虎鱼是海州湾渔业生态系统中的主要鱼类之一,在营养结构研究中具有较大的生态价值。本研究基于2018年秋季海州湾底拖网调查采集的样本,结合胃含物分析方法和碳、氮稳定同位素技术,对海州湾矛尾虾虎鱼的摄食生态特性进行了分析。结果表明:海州湾矛尾虾虎鱼主要摄食的饵料类群是蛇尾类和虾类,优势饵料生物是马氏刺蛇尾、紫蛇尾、萨氏真蛇尾、对虾科种类和日本鼓虾。矛尾虾虎鱼的δ^(13)C值范围为-19.39‰~-15.74‰,平均值为(-18.07±0.87)‰,与体长无显著相关性;δ^(15)N值范围为8.16‰~12.86‰,平均值为(10.14±1.51)‰,与体长呈显著正相关。各体长组矛尾虾虎鱼营养级范围为3.32~4.20,平均值为3.74±0.34,营养级与体长呈显著正相关,各类群饵料生物贡献率差异较大。通过结构方程模型分析发现,矛尾虾虎鱼的摄食强度主要受到体长、底层盐度、底层温度和水深的影响,尤其体长与摄食强度之间存在显著的正相关关系。结合稳定同位素和胃含物分析方法可以全面解析海州湾矛尾虾虎鱼的摄食生态,为海州湾营养结构研究及资源养护提供基础资料和科学依据。

关键词：矛尾虾虎鱼稳定同位素胃含物分析营养级摄食生态海州湾

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