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The Beneficial Effects of components of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the Poultry Industry

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 27-57页

作者： Alejandra Meza-Rios Gilberto velazquez-Juarez Inkar Castellanos-Huerta Rocio Ivette Lopez-Roa Luis A. Anguiano-Sevilla xochitl hernanez-vela.co xochitl hernanez-vela.co Saeed El-Ashram Ebtsam Al-Olayan Billy Hargis Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Adelaida Sara Minia Zepeda-Morales Departamento de Farmacobiología CUCEI Universidad de Guadalajara Blvd. M. García Barragán Guadalajara México Laboratorio de Análisis Fisicoquímicos Externos Departamento de Química CUCEI Universidad de Guadalajara Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán Guadalajara México Center of Excellence for Poultry Science Department of Poultry Science Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural Food and Life Sciences University of Arkansas Cumberland United States Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico Departamento de Farmacobiología CUCEI Universidad de Guadalajara Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán Guadalajara México Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM Mexico Mexico Zoology Department Faculty of Science Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos y Bacteriológicos (vinculación) Departamento de Farmacobiología CUCEI Universidad de Guadalajara Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán Guadalajara México

Plant-based antimicrobial agents are readily available, cost-effective, and exhibit low toxicity, making them promising alternatives in combatting microbial infections. Among these plants, garlic (Allium sativum) stands out for its traditional medicinal use in effectively combating various microorganisms. In the poultry industry, preventing avian virus and bacterial infections is paramount for chicken husbandry. However, using conventional drugs poses potential risks to human health. Garlic, a widely used Asian plant in traditional medicine for various pathologies, has shown potential as an herbal prophylactic remedy against viral and bacterial infections. Recently, researchers explored garlic and its derivatives as a scientific strategy in veterinary practices for diverse purposes, such as improving poultry production characteristics and acting as antibiotic growth promoters. This comprehensive review delves into garlic and its derivatives as preventive and corrective treatments for viral diseases in laying hens and broilers. The paper highlights their potential effectiveness and safety as a natural means to enhance poultry health and welfare while mitigating the risks associated with conventional drug usage in the food industry.

关键词： Garlic Antiviral Veterinary Chickens Allium sativum

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Nitrate regulates rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis in common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第3期56卷 281-298页

作者： Kalpana Nanjareddy Lourdes Blanco Manoj‐Kumar Arthikala xochitl Alvarado Affantrange Federico Sánchez Miguel Lara Genómica Funcional de Eucariotes Centro de Ciencias Genómicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM Apartado Postal 510‐3Cuernavaca Morelos 62271 México Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores‐UNAM León Blvd.UNAM 2011 Predio El Saucillo y El PotreroComunidad de los Tepetates León Gto.C.P.37684 Mexico Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas Instituto de BiotecnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM Apartado Postal 510‐3 Cuernavaca Morelos 62271 México

Nitrogen-limited conditions are considered to be a prerequisite for legume-rhizobial symbiosis, but the effects of nitrate-rich conditions on symbiotic status remain poorly understood. We addressed this issue by examining rhizobial （Rhizobim tropici） and arbusclar mycorrhizal （Glomus intraradices） symbiosis in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Negro Jamapa under nitrate pre-incubation and continuous nitrate conditions. Our results indicate that nitrate pre-incubation, independent of the concentration, did not affect nodule development. However, the continuous supply of nitrate at high concentrations impaired nodule maturation and nodule numbers. Low nitrate conditions, in addition to positively regulating nodule number, biomass, and nitrogenase activity, also extended the span of nitrogen-fixing activity. By contrast, for arbuscular mycorrhizae, continuous 1o and 50mmol/L nitrate increased the percent root length colonization, concomitantly reduced arbuscule size, and enhanced ammonia transport without affecting phosphate transport. Therefore, in this manuscript, we have proposed the importance of nitrate as a positive regulator in promoting both rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis in the common bean.

关键词： Arbuscule common bean mycorrhiza nitrate nodule Rhizobium

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Evaluation of curcumin and copper acetate against Salmonella Typhimurium infection,intestinal permeability,and cecal microbiota composition in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1019-1030页

作者： Anaisa ALeyva-Diaz Daniel herna.dez-Patlan Bruno Solis-Cruz Bishnu Adhikari Young Min Kwon Juan D.Latorre xochitl herna.dez-vela.co Benjamin Fuente-Martinez Billy M.Hargis Raquel Lopez-Arellano Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUNAM04510 Ciudad de MexicoMexico Laboratorio 5:LEDEFAR Unidad de Investigacion MultidisciplinariaFacultad de Estudios Superiores(FES)CuautitlanUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico(UNAM)54714 Cuautitlan IzcalliMexico Department of Poultry Science Center of Excellence for Poultry ScienceUniversity of Arkansas1260 W.MaplePOSC 0-114FayettevilleAR 72704USA Centro de Ensenanza Investigacion y Extension en Produccion AvicolaFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUNAMCiudad de MexicoMexico

Background:Interest in the use of natural feed additives as an alternative to antimicrobials in the poultry industry has increased in recent years because of the risk of bacterial *** of the most studied groups are polyphenolic compounds,given their advantages over other types of additives and their easy potentiation of effects when complexes are formed with metal ***,the objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation of copper acetate(CA),curcumin(CR),and their combination(CA-CR)against Salmonella Typhimurium colonization,intestinal permeability,and cecal microbiota composition in broiler chickens through a laboratory Salmonella infection *** recovery was determined on day 10 post-challenge by isolating Salmonella in homogenates of the right cecal tonsil(12 chickens per group)on Xylose Lysine Tergitol-4(XLT-4)with novobiocin and nalidixic *** integrity was indirectly determined by the fluorometric measurement of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-d)in serum samples from blood obtained on d 10 *** ***,microbiota analysis was performed using the content of the left caecal tonsil of 5 chickens per group by sequencing V4 region of 16S rRNA ***:The results showed that in two independent studies,all experimental treatments were able to significantly reduce the *** colonization in cecal tonsils(CT,Pcompared to the positive control(PC)***,only CA-CR was the most effective treatment in reducing *** counts in both independent ***,the serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-d)concentration in chickens treated with CR was significantly lower when compared to PC(P=0.0084),which is related to a decrease in intestinal permeability and therefore intestinal *** effect of dietary treatments in reducing Salmonella was further supported by the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences using Li

关键词： Broiler chickens copper acetate Curcumin Intestinal permeability Microbiota composition Salmonella Typhimurium

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The Beneficial Effects of components of Garlic (Allium sativum L. ) in the Poultry Industry

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Food and Nutrition Sciences（食品与营养科学） 2024年第1期

作者： Alejandra Meza-Rios Gilberto velazquez-Juarez Inkar Castellanos-Huerta Rocio Ivette Lopez-Roa Luis A.Anguiano-Sevilla xochitl hernanez-vela.co Saeed El-Ashram Ebtsam Al-Olayan Billy Hargis Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Adelaida Sara Minia Zepeda-Morales

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Isolation, screening and identifi cation of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbial candidates for aflatoxin B_1 biodegradation

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第9期5卷 680-683页

作者： Rosario Galarza-Seeber Juan David Latorre xochitl herna.dez-vela.co Amanda Drake Wolfenden Lisa Renee Bielke Anita Menconi Billy Marshall Hargis Guillermo Tellez Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas college of Veterinary Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico

Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo ***: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolates were obtained from intestines, and soil samples were screened by using a selective media method against 0.25 and 1.00 μg/m L of AFB1 in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium. Plates were incubated at 37 °C and observed every two days for two weeks. Physiological properties of the three Bacillus spp. candidates were characterized biochemically and by 16 S r RNA sequence analyzes for identii cation. Tolerance to acidic p H, osmotic concentrations of Na Cl, bile salts were tested, and antimicrobial sensitivity proi les were also determined. Bacillus candidates were individually sporulated by using a solid fermentation method and combined. Spores were incorporated into 1 of 3 experimental feed groups: 1) Negative control group, with unmedicated starter broiler feed without AFB1; 2) Positive control group, with negative control feed contaminated with 0.01% AFB1; 3) DFM treated group, with positive control feed supplemented with 109 spores/g. After digestion time(3:15 h), supernatants and digesta were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography l uorescence detection analysis by ***: Three out of those sixty-nine DFM candidates showed ability to biodegrade AFB1 in vitro based on growth as well as reduction of l uorescence and area of clearance around each colony in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium which was clearly visible under day light after 48 h of evaluation. Analysis of 16S-DNA identii ed the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. The three Bacillus strains were tolerant to acidic conditions(p H 2.0), tolerant to a high osmotic pressure(Na Cl at 6.5%), and were able to tolerate 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. No signii cant dif erences(P > 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of AFB1

关键词： Al atoxin B1 Bacillus Direct-fed microbials Biodegradation Broiler feed

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Identification of Cu in <i>Crassostrea virginica</i>Tissue Using the Technique of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2021年第3期11卷 51-62页

作者： xochitl Patricia Urrutia-Meza Fabio Felipe Chalé-Lara Rogelio Ortega-Izaguirre Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada U. Altamira Altamira México

The analysis of metals in aquatic organisms is of great importance due to the health problems they can cause to be consumed by human beings. In this study, the Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is evaluated as an alternative method to identify Cu in Crassostrea virginica oysters’ tissue. It focuses on the characterization of oysters caught a natural bank and the identification of different Cu concentrations. To carry out experimentation, oyster samples were collected in autumn (October 2017) and spring (May 2018) from San Andres Lagoon, Aldama, Tamaulipas. A single pulse Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) was used, and tissue was contaminated with 0, 2, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/g of Cu. In tissue were identified atomic lines for Ca, Cr, Mg, Mn, Na, N, O, and H. However, the intensities of emission lines for autumn samples were greater than spring samples. Cu emission lines at 324.6, 327.1, 510.3, 515.1, and 521.5 nm were found for contaminated pills. The intensity of emission lines showed a linear increase with the concentration;whereby, they can be used as calibration curves to quantify Cu concentrations in oyster tissue.

关键词： LIBS Crassostrea virginica Heavy Metals

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Assessment of the connection of Antisocial-Criminal Behavior, corruption and Depression in college Students

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Psychology Research 2017年第3期7卷 131-139页

作者： Iris xochitl Galicia Moyeda Alejandra Sanchez vela.co Francisco Javier Robles Ojeda Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Iztacala Mexico

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comparison of total immunoglobulin A levels in different samples in Leghorn and broiler chickens

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第2期7卷 116-120页

作者： Rubén Merino-Guzmán Juan David Latorre Ramiro Delgado xochitl herna.dez-vela.co Amanda Desha Wolfenden Kyle Dean Teague Lucas Elzie Graham Brittany Danielle Mahaffey Mikayla Francis Ann Baxter Billy Marshall Hargis Guillermo Tellez college of Veterinary Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas Nutriavicola

Objective: To standardize an ELISA protocol to quantify total immunoglobulin A(IgA)from different biological ***: Two independent experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, total IgA levels were quantified from the lachrymal fluid, tracheal swab, and cloacal swab at various time points from Days 30 to 89 in white Leghorn chickens. Experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate the effect of 50 or 500 ppb of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) on total IgA quantified in samples from the lachrymal fluid, tracheal swab, gut content and cloacal swab in broiler chickens at 21 days of ***: Lachrymal fluid contained the highest level of IgA; however, the sampling procedure was time consuming and stressful to the bird, and the sample volume depends largely on the size of the chicken. Cloacal swabs also contained a high concentration of IgA; this sampling procedure was faster than lachrymal fluid sampling and was not affected by the age of the bird. Tracheal sampling was more difficult than cloacal sampling; the age of the bird limited the sampling, and the IgA concentration was the lowest detected at all sampling ages. 500 ppb of AFB1 significantly reduced total IgA concentration in the gut content compared with control or 50 ppb of AFB1 treated ***, a significant reduction in total IgA was also observed in those chickens that received 50 ppb of AFB1 in gut rinse when compared with cloacal ***: The results of this study suggest that cloacal swab is an easy and reliable way to evaluate mucosal IgA concentration in both Leghorn and broiler chickens.

关键词： Immunoglobulin A ELISA Chicken Lachrymal fluid

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Nutritional Status, Food consumption at Home, and Preference-Selection in the School

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第3期3卷 281-285页

作者： María del Refugio López-Gamino Martha Elba Alarcón-Armendáriz xochitl Karina Torres-Beltrán Educación para la Salud FES IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico CityMéxico.

To assess the relationship between food consumption at home, nutritional status, gender preference and the preference-selection of natural products (fruits and vegetables) and industrialized (candies and chips) in a situation of free access for a population of Mexican schoolchildren. 115 children participated in the test, 59 boys and 56 girls from second, fourth and sixth grade of elementary school. We have taken measures of weight, size and the 24-hour consumption record during over five days, at which time also we evaluated the preference and selection of a group of ten products (naturals and industrialized). According to the results 60% of children had normal weight, 23.47% overweight, 14.8% risk of overweight an 1.73% underweight. There were no significant differences with X2 test between nutritional status and gender. Multivariate analysis was applied between gender, consumption by food groups and nutritional status, the interaction was significant in all cases. The Pearson correlation between preference and food choice in the situation of open access is high in the school students at risk of overweight. The preferred and selected products for consumption are those with the highest content of saturated fat, sugars and salt, the less preferred and selected products were fruits and vegetables. We could conclude that the population is at risk for their low consumption of fruits and vegetables;situation that is reflection of the home consumption this document.

关键词： Food Preferences Diet Schoolchild Nutritional Status

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A New Alternative Method for the Generation of Acoustic Filters, Modulating Acoustic Impedance: Theoretical Model

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Open Journal of Acoustics 2017年第3期7卷 39-51页

作者： Jesús Madrigal-Melchor Agustín Enciso-Muñ oz David Armando contreras-Solorio xochitl Saldañ a-Saldañ a Raúl Alberto Reyes-Villagrana Unidad Académica de Física Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Zacatecas México Instituto de Física Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla México coNACYT-Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Chihuahua México

Using the transfer matrix method we calculate the frequency dependence of the transmission of longitudinal elastic waves for a layered structure where the specific acoustic impedance of the layers with odd numbering follows a Gaussian distribution, while the inserted even layers have the same impedance as the propagation medium. The structure presents intervals of low-pass, band-stop, and band-pass. The characteristics of the bands depend on the number of layers, on the contrast between the maximum and minimum impedances of the structure, and on the ratio of the width of the inserted layers to the width of the layers with a Gaussian distribution of impedances.

关键词： Acoustic Transmission Acoustic Impedance Modulation Gaussian Profile

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