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Wood use and forest management by Neolithic millet farmers at the Xinglong site,northern China

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1910-1921页

作者： Hui SHEN Zhenwei QIU Keliang ZHAO xinying zhou Xiaoqiang LI Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China National Museum of China Beijing 100006China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The origin and development of agriculture and its relationship with climate change are hotly debated topics among environmental *** this study,we analyzed wood charcoal materials from the Neolithic Xinglong site in northern China in order to understand the woody vegetation around the site and how early millet farmers shaped local *** results suggest that the area around the Xinglong sites during 8700-7000 yr BP was primarily woodlands,including Prunus sibirica shrubs,Ulmus and Acer forests,and Populus stands near *** 8000 to 7000 yr BP,the warm and humid climate probably contributed to the expansion of Acer,Rhamnus,and Juniperus,and may have facilitated the development of early millet *** these ancient wood fragments that we studied,the high percent of Prunus charcoal appears to indicate an abundance of fruit trees,which might have constituted the main component of local ***,the wood taxa illustrate the existence of a variety of ecological habitats,and it is logical to assume that people made full use of the locally available wood ***,Populus and Ulmus were the dominant sources of *** results of tree-ring curvature analyses indicate that people mainly collected trunks or large branches of Ulmus,Populus,Acer,and Juniperus *** interpret the increasing use of Prunus twigs and the declining percentage of Prunus charcoal in the period between 8000-7000 yr BP as indicating that people started to protect and manage wild fruit *** may have started pruning to acquire more food resources as part of the cultural responses and adaptation strategies employed by these early millet cultivators.

关键词： Xinglong site Wood charcoal Wood use Woodland management

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Ancient mitochondrial genome depicts sheep maternal dispersal and migration in Eastern Asia

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第1期51卷 87-95页

作者： Liu Yang Xing Zhang Yaning Hu Piao Zhu Hua Li Zhenyu Peng Hai Xiang xinying zhou Xingbo Zhao National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding Key Laboratory of AnimalGeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding School of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshanGuangdong 528225China State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics BGI-ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdong 518083China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

Sheep have been one of the most important groups of animals since ancient ***,the knowledge of their migration routes and genetic relationships is still poorly *** investigate sheep maternal migration histories alongside Eurasian communications routes,in this study,we obtain mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)from 17 sheep remains in 6 Chinese sites and 1 Uzbekistan site dated 4429–3100 years before present(BP).By obtaining the mitogenomes from the sheep(4429–3556 BP)found in the Tongtian Cave site in Xinjiang,Altai region of northwest China,our results support the emergence of haplogroup C sheep in Xinjiang as early as 4429–3556 *** combined phylogenetic analyses with extant ancient and modern sheep mitogenomes suggest that the Uzbekistan-Altai region may have been a migration hub for early sheep in eastern *** least two migration events have taken place for sheep crossing Eurasia to China,one passing by Uzbekistan and Northwest China to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River at approximately 4000 BP and another following the Altai region to middle Inner Mongolia from 4429 BP to 2500 ***,this study provides further evidence for early sheep utilization and migration patterns in Eastern Asia.

关键词： Sheep Ancient DNA Eastern Asia Mitochondrial genome Migration Altai

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Thoughts on Pairing Assistance to Tibet for Promoting Agricultural High-quality Development in Southern Tibet from the Perspective of Agricultural Power

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Asian Agricultural Research 2024年第3期16卷 18-24页

作者： Zhiguo SUN Li GAO Yuanpeng SUN Guangchao CAO xinying zhou Xiaoqiang LI Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100China Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability of People s Government of Qinghai Province&Beijing Normal University Xining 810008China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

In the new era,there is an urgent need to further promote pairing assistance to Tibet,promote the simultaneous construction of a strong agriculture in Tibet and the China's Mainland,and compose a Chinese-style *** Tibet,located in the southeastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region,includes Shannan City and Nyingchi City,is a region assisted by four provincial partners including Hubei *** paper introduces the agricultural environment in southern Tibet,studies its agricultural characteristics,and analyzes the main issues of its pairing *** forging the strong consciousness of the Chinese national community as the main line,the paper explores strategies for promoting agricultural high-quality development in southern Tibet through pairing assistance to Tibet from the perspective of agricultural power,and proposes some strategies,such as inheriting agricultural cultural heritage,promoting the upgrading of modern seed industry,enhancing the characteristic advantages of highland barley(naked barley)and animal husbandry industries,and developing edible fungi and cold water fish industries.

关键词： Pairing assistance to Tibet Southern Tibet Shannan City Nyingchi City Agricultural high-quality development Agricultural power

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古新世-始新世暖期北半球野火演化研究

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第四纪研究 2024年第1期44卷 1-15,M0001页

作者：王建周新郢李小强中国科学院大学人文学院考古学与人类学系北京100049 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室北京100044 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049

古近纪是现代气候和植被形成的关键过渡期,而野火活动与气候、植被和碳循环等存在耦合关系。开展古新世-始新世(66~34 Ma)3个特征暖期,即古新世-始新世极热事件(PETM,约55.9 Ma)、早始新世气候适宜期(EECO,53.3~49.1 Ma)、中始新世气候... 详细信息

古近纪是现代气候和植被形成的关键过渡期,而野火活动与气候、植被和碳循环等存在耦合关系。开展古新世-始新世(66~34 Ma)3个特征暖期,即古新世-始新世极热事件(PETM,约55.9 Ma)、早始新世气候适宜期(EECO,53.3~49.1 Ma)、中始新世气候适宜期(MECO,约40.5~40.1 Ma)的野火活动研究,对于揭示气候和植被变化特征及其影响具有重要意义。本研究基于蒙古高原南部二连盆地古新世-始新世野火记录,并结合北半球该时段其他12个地点的野火研究数据,从长尺度地质记录视角,重建北半球野火活动特征与演变,并探讨其驱动机制。研究结果显示古新世-始新世不同特征暖期野火发生规模和强度存在差异,PETM极端暖期较EECO和MECO暖期野火强度更大,但不十分显著。古新世-始新世暖期并没有持续的、大规模的野火发生,呈现“低野火状态”,总体不支持强调燃烧活动影响全球碳循环的“野火假说”。通过野火发生与温度、降水、植被以及CO_(2)浓度等环境因子之间的关系分析,对“古近纪低火谜题”进行初探,认为古新世-始新世气候的季节性并不分明,较短的干季不利于可燃“燃料”和潜在火源的形成,很可能是新生代早期“低野火”的主因。

关键词：野火演化北半球古新世-始新世特征暖期植被气候变化

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Vegetation pattern of Northeast China during the special periods since the Last Glacial Maximum

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第8期62卷 1224-1240页

作者： Xiaoqiang LI Chao ZHAO xinying zhou Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PalaeoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100039China Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100044China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Since the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM), the global climate has experienced several stages, such as cold and warming events, which provide an ideal model for evaluating climate change in the future. Based on the pollen records in Northeast(NE) China, the vegetation pattern during special periods since the LGM was reconstructed in this work. During the LGM(approximately 18,000 cal yr BP), the steppes expanded rapidly in NE China, and a cold-dry meadow-steppe developed on the Songnen Plain. The Liaohe Plain and the Hulun Buir Plateau were occupied by a steppe-desert, with forest-steppe vegetation grown in the central and southern plains;there were cold-dry coniferous forests and mixed conifer-broadleaf forests in mountainous areas. In the early Holocene(10,000–9,000 cal yr BP), Changbai mountain(CBM) forests thrived in the eastern hilly area and the Sanjiang Plain, while the central region was dominated by steppes, and warm-temperate broadleaf forests developed northward. During the Holocene warm period(approximately 6,000 cal yr BP), CBM forests and cold-temperate coniferous forests developed in the north, while spruce-fir forests developed in the eastern Xiao Hinggan Mountains and the Sanjiang Plain. The distribution centre of deciduous broadleaf forests migrated to the south of the Changbai Mountains and the Liaodong Peninsula. The isolated woodlands increased on the Songnen Plain and the meadow-steppes expanded to the Liaohe Plain. Therefore, the increase in temperature leads to the increase of monsoon precipitation in NE China, which is beneficial to the development of warm-temperate forest vegetation. The increase of summer monsoons and precipitation caused by climate warming may be the main reason for the improved plant load.

关键词： Last Glacial Maximum Holocene warm period Vegetation pattern Northeast China

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NLR在儿童疾病中的应用进展

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黑龙江医学 2024年第1期48卷 126-128页

作者：王少华周信英天津市第三中心医院·天津市重症疾病体外生命支持重点实验室·天津市人工细胞工程技术研究中心·天津市肝胆疾病研究所天津300170

NLR(neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio,NLR)是指中性粒细胞数量与淋巴细胞数量的比值,它的变化代表的是机体内炎症反应与免疫调节之间的平衡关系。NLR水平可以作为儿童感染相关性疾病严重程度的预测指标之一,如儿童脓毒血症、呼吸系统感... 详细信息

NLR(neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio,NLR)是指中性粒细胞数量与淋巴细胞数量的比值,它的变化代表的是机体内炎症反应与免疫调节之间的平衡关系。NLR水平可以作为儿童感染相关性疾病严重程度的预测指标之一,如儿童脓毒血症、呼吸系统感染性疾病、热性惊厥、手足口病等,同时也是儿童风湿性疾病,如IgA血管炎、川崎病等疾病脏器损伤的预测指标。不仅如此,NLR还与儿童肿瘤、儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征以及新生儿颅内出血等疾病相关。阐述了NLR与儿童相关疾病的关系。

关键词： NLR 儿童疾病儿童感染性疾病

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高等医学院校课程思政的融入与发展研究

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大学（思政教研） 2024年第7期 142-145页

作者：周超颖温茜周新莹马骊南方医科大学广东广州510515

高等医学院校的课程思政工作对培养高素质医学专业人才具有非常重要的意义,是培育具备高度优秀医学素养和崇高医德的医学人才的重要途径和手段,对提高学生的思想道德素质、职业道德意识和医学伦理观念,培养其社会责任感和职业素养具有... 详细信息

高等医学院校的课程思政工作对培养高素质医学专业人才具有非常重要的意义,是培育具备高度优秀医学素养和崇高医德的医学人才的重要途径和手段,对提高学生的思想道德素质、职业道德意识和医学伦理观念,培养其社会责任感和职业素养具有重要作用。高等医学院校作为医学人才的培养基地,课程思政应成为医学教育的核心组成部分。但目前高等医学院校课程思政的教育及实践还存在一些问题和挑战。文章通过对高等医学院校课程思政的概念、目标、融入方式和发展路径进行系统的分析和探讨,旨在进一步明确高等医学院校课程思政的重要性和必要性,同时建议对应的发展策略,以推进高等医学院校课程思政工作不断深入和提升,提高课程思政质量和效果,推动医学教育不断进步。

关键词：高等医学院校课程思政发展策略医学教育

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城镇燃气管道小孔泄漏流量系数的定量研究

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安全与环境学报 2024年第5期24卷 1701-1709页

作者：刘爱华周欣莹许赐聪卢心儿梁晓晴广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院广州510006

流量系数是影响泄漏速率计算准确程度的一个重要参数。针对目前小孔泄漏模型中流量系数经验性取值易导致泄漏速率计算结果与实际泄漏速率间存在偏差的问题,通过理论计算模型、气相小孔泄漏试验、计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynam... 详细信息

流量系数是影响泄漏速率计算准确程度的一个重要参数。针对目前小孔泄漏模型中流量系数经验性取值易导致泄漏速率计算结果与实际泄漏速率间存在偏差的问题,通过理论计算模型、气相小孔泄漏试验、计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模拟仿真相结合的方法寻求偏差产生的原因,并利用试验测试数据的拟合分析结果得到圆孔和矩形孔流量系数的定量计算模型。研究显示:在试验测试与模拟仿真中,小孔泄漏的流量系数主要受泄漏压力和几何形状的影响,在相同的泄漏压力和泄漏面积下,矩形孔的泄漏速率高于圆孔的泄漏速率。理论计算模型忽略了相关因素对流量系数的影响,将流量系数设为定值是导致泄漏速率计算结果出现偏差的主要原因。通过非线性曲线拟合得到的圆孔和矩形孔流量系数的计算方程,能有效修正气相小孔泄漏的理论计算模型,进而得到更加准确的泄漏速率,为气体泄漏后的扩散和风险评估提供理论依据。

关键词：公共安全输气管道小孔泄漏流量系数定量研究数值模拟

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基于孟德尔随机化探究体质指数与妇科良恶性疾病的关系

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上海医学 2024年第4期47卷 245-252页

作者：周欣颖张虎戴海燕宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院妇科浙江宁波315000 复旦大学附属浦东医院妇产科锦奇新虹桥和诺医疗妇产科

目的采用双样本孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)分析BMI与妇科良、恶性疾病(包括子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌、子宫平滑肌瘤和子宫内膜异位症)的关系。方法应用IEU OpenGWAS公开数据库中编码为ieu-b-40的BMI数据,其共有来自... 详细信息

目的采用双样本孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)分析BMI与妇科良、恶性疾病(包括子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌、子宫平滑肌瘤和子宫内膜异位症)的关系。方法应用IEU OpenGWAS公开数据库中编码为ieu-b-40的BMI数据,其共有来自欧洲和东亚人群的681275例样本;通过R语言软件筛选出506个与BMI相关的单核苷酸多态性(single-nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)。应用双样本MR分析,以BMI作为暴露因素,选择全基因组关联分析(GWAS)数据中显著的SNP作为工具变量,并确保工具变量互相独立。以5种妇科良、恶性疾病的发病风险作为结局因素进行单独分析,探究由基因预测的暴露因素(BMI)与结局指标间的因果关系。应用R语言(4.3.1)软件中的TwoSampleMR包进行统计学分析。采用逆方差加权法(inverse-variance weighted,IVW)、MR Egger回归、加权中位数法(weighted median,WM)、简单模式法(Simple mode,SM)和加权模式法进行MR分析,分析结果以OR和95%CI表示。为评估MR分析结果是否有潜在偏倚,以及是否存在某一个工具变量严重影响结局变量,应用包括异质性检验、水平多效性分析和留一法敏感性检验进行敏感性分析。结果筛选出的506个与BMI强相关的SNP,其F值均>10。对子宫内膜癌的反向MR分析得到16个与子宫内膜癌密切相关的SNP,并且所有SNP都是强工具变量。IVW、MR Egger、SM、WM和加权模式法的结果均提示,遗传预测的BMI可能参与子宫内膜癌的发生、发展,且BMI与子宫内膜癌的发生、发展为正向因果关系(OR值均>1);而未发现BMI与其他的妇科良、恶性疾病(包括卵巢癌、宫颈癌、子宫平滑肌瘤和子宫内膜异位症)存在遗传预测的因果关联。进一步,反向MR分析的IVW结果显示,子宫内膜癌的发生、发展可能不影响BMI数值的变化(OR=1.020,95%CI为0.969~1.073,P=0.45)。MR-Egger-intercept分析未检测到潜在的水平多效性(子宫内膜癌:P=0.19。卵巢癌:P=0.99。宫颈癌:P=0.73。子宫平滑肌瘤:P=0.36。子宫内膜异位症:P=0.08),提示工具变量并没有显著通过BMI以外的途径影响5种妇科疾病的结局;同时,对子宫内膜癌与BMI进行反向MR分析也未检测到水平多效性(BMI:P=0.09)。Cochran’s Q异质性检验结果显示,BMI与子宫内膜癌的正、反向MR分析的结果均存在潜在的异质性(即正向MR Egger:P=6.48×10^(-4)。IVW:P=5.88×10^(-4)。反向MR Egger:P=0.05。IVW:P=1.78×10^(-7)),但BMI与其他妇科疾病无显著异质性。留一法敏感性检验结果显示,依次剔除单个SNP后产生的MR分析结果与纳入全部SNP的MR分析结果基本一致,误差线的估计值约为0,提示不存在某个SNP对整体因果估计产生影响。漏斗图结果显示,纳入的SNP分布基本均衡,不受潜在因素影响而发生偏倚。结论遗传预测的BMI与子宫内膜癌的发生、发展存在正向因果关联。关注女性BMI可能对控制人群子宫内膜癌的发生、发展有一定作用。

关键词：体质指数妇科良恶性疾病孟德尔随机化子宫内膜癌

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Latest Middle Miocene fauna and flora from Kumkol Basin of northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and paleoenvironment

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第2期63卷 188-201页

作者： Qiang LI xinying zhou Xijun NI Bihong FU Tao DENG Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China

We report 7 mammalian and 16 pollen species from the top of the Shimagou Formation in Kumkol Basin of northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, whose age is latest Middle Miocene(about 12.5 Ma). We erect a new species of fossil rodent,Spermophilinus kumkolensis sp. nov. The micromammalian fauna from the Kumkol Basin shares high similarities with contemporary faunas from Europe and northern China, indicating the existence of active zoogeographic exchange between Europe and northern Asia. Trees are dominant in pollen fossils, and herbs and shrubs are minorities. Broadleaved Quercus and Fagus predominate in tree pollens. The flora reconstructed by pollens displays a mixture of evergreen broadleaved forest and dry and warm steppe landscape. Compared to the modern vegetation in Yunnan region, the latest Middle Miocene flora in the Kumkol Basin represents a distinct vertical distribution. The ecotypes of the latest Middle Miocene fauna and flora in the Kumkol Basin,as a whole, are markedly different from those of modern animals and vegetation, the past climate being more suitable than today.

关键词： Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Kumkol Basin Latest Middle Miocene Micromammals Pollen

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