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Integrated neural tracing and in-situ barcoded sequencing reveals the logic of SCN efferent circuits in regulating circadian behaviors

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 518-528页

作者： Meimei Liao xinwei gao Chen Chen Qi Li Qingchun Guo He Huang Erquan Zhang Dapeng Ju College of Biological Sciences China Agriculture UniversityBeijing 100193China National Institute of Biological Sciences(NIBS) Beijing 102206China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China School of Biomedical Engineering Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Anesthesiology The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 401336China Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 102206China

The circadian clock coordinates rhythms in numerous physiological processes to maintain organismal homeostasis. Since the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) is widely accepted as the circadian pacemaker, it is critical to understand the neural mechanisms by which rhythmic information is transferred from the SCN to peripheral clocks. Here, we present the first comprehensive map of SCN efferent connections and suggest a molecular logic underlying these projections. The SCN projects broadly to most major regions of the brain, rather than solely to the hypothalamus and thalamus. The efferent projections from different subtypes of SCN neurons vary in distance and intensity, and blocking synaptic transmission of these circuits affects circadian rhythms in locomotion and feeding to different extents. We also developed a barcoding system to integrate retrograde tracing with in-situ sequencing, allowing us to link circuit anatomy and spatial patterns of gene expression. Analyses using this system revealed that brain regions functioning downstream of the SCN receive input from multiple neuropeptidergic cell types within the SCN, and that individual SCN neurons generally project to a single downstream brain *** map of SCN efferent connections provides a critical foundation for future investigations into the neural circuits underlying SCNmediated rhythms in physiology. Further, our new barcoded tracing method provides a tool for revealing the molecular logic of neuronal circuits within heterogeneous brain regions.

关键词： circadian rhythms SCN output circuit neural tracing barcoded GFP in situ sequencing

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Characterization of the effects of hyaluronan oligosaccharides on human gut microbiota using a simulated batch fermentation system

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： xinwei gao Hongkang Zhu Litao Hu Jieyu Sun Wenjie Zuo Ping Liu Yang Wang Guocheng Du Zhen Kang The Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education Jiangnan University The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University

The prebiotic effects of hyaluronan (HA) are widely recognized， contributing to improved gut health and immune modulation. Despite its extensive use as dietary supplement， the specific interactions between HA oligosaccharides (o-HAs) and the gut microbiome remain largely unexplored. To investigate its role and metabolic fate in gut homeostasis， 200 mg/day of o-HAs (average molecule weight 1k Da) were added to an automated computer-controlled SIMulator of the Gastrointestinal tract (SIMGI). The results revealed a significant reshaping of the intestinal flora composition by o-HAs， notably reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio. Fermentation of o-HAs by gut microbiota significantly increased the abundance of Bifidobacteria， Prevotellaceae＿Prevotella， Dialister， Eubacterium， and Sutterella， but decreased that of Catenibacterium， Oscillospira， Klebsiella， and Citrobacter (P < 0.05). This corresponded with significant enhancements in the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic acid， propionic acid and n-butyric acid， highlighting the significant impact of o-HAs at the genus level. Furthermore， analysis of microbial function predicted the downregulation of pathological events in nine human diseases， particularly infectious ones (parasitic and bacterial). Potential inhibitions were observed in metabolic pathways associated with pentose and glucuronate interconversions as well as cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance. These findings underscore the in vitro prebiotic effects of o-HAs and their potential relevance in managing diverticular diseases or preventing metabolic disorders through the regulation of gut microbiota.

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“蓝天保卫战”如何影响减污降碳协同度?

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中国人口·资源与环境 2024年第7期34卷 66-75页

作者：刘娜高新伟中国石油大学(华东)经济管理学院山东青岛266580

2018年实施的《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》(以下简称“蓝天保卫战”)首次在政策目标中提出“污染物与温室气体协同控制”,但鲜有文献探究该政策的减污降碳协同控制效果。该研究基于中国2015—2021年265个地级市数据,首先构建减污降... 详细信息

2018年实施的《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》(以下简称“蓝天保卫战”)首次在政策目标中提出“污染物与温室气体协同控制”,但鲜有文献探究该政策的减污降碳协同控制效果。该研究基于中国2015—2021年265个地级市数据,首先构建减污降碳协同度指标,其次运用双重差分法考察“蓝天保卫战”对减污降碳协同度的影响及其在不同资源类型城市中的异质性,最后从产业结构、能源结构、运输结构以及用地结构4个维度分析该政策的作用机制。研究结果表明:①“蓝天保卫战”显著提高了“PM_(2.5)-O_(3)”“烟粉尘(SD)-CO_(2)”以及“NOX-CO_(2)”的协同度,但对“SO_(2)-CO_(2)”协同度的影响不明显,说明SO_(2)和CO_(2)的减排联动性较低。这一结论也体现在非资源型城市中,而资源型城市仅“PM_(2.5)-O_(3)”协同度显著提升。②能源结构调整是“蓝天保卫战”实现政策效果的主要传导机制,其中非资源型城市的能源结构优化幅度相对更大;而产业结构、运输结构和用地结构并未构成政策提高减污降碳协同度的传导机制,资源型城市的产业结构和运输结构调整进程较慢是可能的原因之一。③扩展性分析表明,“蓝天保卫战”也具有显著的单边减污效应和降碳效应,但单边评估结果难以反映污染物与温室气体的减排同向性。另外,“蓝天保卫战”对空气质量指数和逆温天数也有显著提高,有效推动了环境污染和气候变化的双重治理。基于上述结论提出,应增加减污降碳协同度指标作为环境政策效果评估依据,未来仍应继续加强产业结构、运输结构和用地结构的优化力度,结合城市资源类型出台更有靶向性的蓝天保卫战相关政策。

关键词：蓝天保卫战减污降碳协同度双重差分

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“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策的实施效果研究

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南京财经大学学报 2024年第3期 12-22页

作者：刘娜杨斯悦高新伟中国石油大学(华东)经济管理学院山东青岛266580 西北工业大学公共政策与管理学院陕西西安710072

推动减污降碳协同增效是深入打好污染防治攻坚战,实现碳达峰的必然要求。将《大气污染防治行动计划》和《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》视为一个连贯政策,运用渐进双重差分法探究了于2015和2018年提出的“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制... 详细信息

推动减污降碳协同增效是深入打好污染防治攻坚战,实现碳达峰的必然要求。将《大气污染防治行动计划》和《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》视为一个连贯政策,运用渐进双重差分法探究了于2015和2018年提出的“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策实施效果。研究表明:“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策显著提高了“SO_(2)-CO_(2)”排放强度协同度和“PM-CO_(2)”排放量(强度)协同度,但该政策对“SO_(2)-CO_(2)”排放量协同度无显著影响。机制分析表明,提升政府监管水平、弱化政企关系以及增强企业绿色创新是政策的主要传导机制。异质性分析表明,政策效果在不同能耗水平的城市中具有显著差异,比起高污染上市公司,高耗能中小企业在污染物和CO_(2)的协同减排措施上仍存在较大改善空间。研究结论对我国优化“持续深入打好蓝天保卫战”相关政策提供启示。

关键词：大气十条蓝天三年减污降碳协同度渐进双重差分

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一种警戒线报警电路的设计与实现

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集成电路应用 2024年第7期41卷 8-9页

作者：张璐雅崔婧娜唐振宁高鑫伟国防科技大学信息通信学院湖北430019 上海贝岭股份有限公司上海200233

阐述报警电路的任务需求,用最基础的器件设计一种带有趣味性的实际应用电路,对部分功能电路进行比对分析设计,在教学中弱化验证性的实验模式,强化自主探究式的开放性实验模式。

关键词：警戒线报警电路三极管工作状态实验电路

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All-fiber-transmission photometry for simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and multi-color neuronal activity recording

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2022年第12期5卷 20-34,F0004页

作者： Zhongyang Qi Qingchun Guo Shu Wang Mingyue Jia xinwei gao Minmin Luo Ling Fu Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics School of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing 102206China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Beijing 100191China School of Biomedical Engineering Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China School of Life Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Manipulating and real-time monitoring of neuronal activities with cell-type specificity and precise spatiotemporal resolution during animal behavior are fundamental technologies for exploring the functional connectivity, information transmission, and physiological functions of neural circuits in vivo. However, current techniques for optogenetic stimulation and neuronal activity recording mostly operate independently. Here, we report an all-fiber-transmission photometry system for simultaneous optogenetic manipulation and multi-color recording of neuronal activities and the neurotransmitter release in a freely moving animal. We have designed and manufactured a wavelength-independent multi-branch fiber bundle to enable simultaneous optogenetic manipulation and multi-color recording at different wavelengths. Further, we combine a laser of narrow linewidth with the lock-in amplification method to suppress the optogenetic stimulation-induced artifacts and channel crosstalk. We show that the collection efficiency of our system outperforms a traditional epi-fluorescence system. Further, we demonstrate successful recording of dynamic dopamine(DA) responses to unexpected rewards in the nucleus accumbens(NAc) in a freely moving mouse. We also show simultaneous dual-color recording of neuronal Ca2+ signals and DA dynamics in the NAc upon delivering an unexpected reward and the simultaneous optogenetic activating at dopaminergic terminals in the same location. Thus, our multi-function fiber photometry system provides a compatible, efficient, and flexible solution for neuroscientists to study neural circuits and neurological diseases.

关键词： fiber photometry all-fiber-transmission multi-color optogenetic neuroscience

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Influencing Factors of Healthy Aging Risk Assessed Using Biomarkers:A Life Course Perspective

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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 219-224,I0014-I0017页

作者： Cedric Zhang Bo Lua Yajie gao Jinming Li Xingqi Cao xinwei Lyu Yinuo Tu Shuyi Jin Zuyun Liu Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Healththe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang ProvinceChina Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care University College LondonLondonUK College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang ProvinceChina

Assessing individual risks of healthy aging using biomarkers and identifying associated factors have become important areas of *** this study,we conducted a literature review of relevant publications between 2018 and 2023 in both Chinese and English *** studies have predominantly used single biomarkers,such as C-reactive protein,or focused on specific life course stages and factors such as socioeconomic status,mental health,educational levels,and unhealthy *** summarizing the progress in this field,our study provides valuable insights and future directions for promoting healthy aging from a life course perspective.

关键词： such insight directions

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A neuropsin-based optogenetic tool for precise control of Gq signaling

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第7期65卷 1271-1284页

作者： Ruicheng Dai Tao Yu Danwei Weng Heng Li Yuting Cui Zhaofa Wu Qingchun Guo Haiyue Zou Wenting Wu xinwei gao Zhongyang Qi Yuqi Ren Shu Wang Yulong Li Minmin Luo National Institute of Biological Sciences(NIBS) Beijing 102206China School of Life Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research(TIMBR) Beijing 102206China Peking University-Tsinghua University-NIBS Joint Graduate Program NIBSBeijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Peking University School of Life SciencesBeijing 100871China PKU-McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing 100871China Capital Medical University Beijing 102206China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

G_(q)-coupled receptors regulate numerous physiological processes by activating enzymes and inducing intracellular Ca^(2+)*** is a strong need for an optogenetic tool that enables powerful experimental control over G_(q) ***,we present chicken opsin 5(cOpn5)as the long sought-after,single-component optogenetic tool that mediates ultra-sensitive optical control of intracellular G_(q) signaling with high temporal and spatial *** cOpn5 in HEK 293T cells and primary mouse astrocytes enables blue light-triggered,G_(q)-dependent Ca^(2+) release from intracellular stores and protein kinase C *** Ca^(2+) transients were evoked by brief light pulses of merely 10 ms duration and at 3 orders lower light intensity of that for common optogenetic *** of cOpn5-expressing cells at the subcellular and single-cell levels generated fast intracellular Ca^(2+)transition,thus demonstrating the high spatial precision of cOpn5 *** cOpn5-mediated optogenetics could also be applied to activate neurons and control animal behavior in a circuit-dependent ***5 optogenetics may find broad applications in studying the mechanisms and functional relevance of G_(q) signaling in both non-excitable cells and excitable cells in all major organ systems.

关键词： chicken opsin 5 astrocytes photostimulation Ca^(2+)imaging IP3 protein kinase C neural circuit

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载人潜水器操作屏幕的暗适应评估研究

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机械科学与技术 2022年第6期41卷 912-921页

作者：高馨薇陈登凯孙意为西北工业大学工业设计与人机工效工信部重点实验室西安710072

安全性作为载人潜水器潜航员下潜工作基础,减少作业过程中视觉障碍给安全带来的潜在威胁,缩短潜航员暗适应反应时间显得尤为重要。暗适应作为影响潜航员作业的重要视觉影响因素,反复切换和适应高反差亮度环境导致人眼暗适应时间延长,从... 详细信息

安全性作为载人潜水器潜航员下潜工作基础,减少作业过程中视觉障碍给安全带来的潜在威胁,缩短潜航员暗适应反应时间显得尤为重要。暗适应作为影响潜航员作业的重要视觉影响因素,反复切换和适应高反差亮度环境导致人眼暗适应时间延长,从而影响潜器作业安全性和准确度。本文针对潜航作业照明环境,依据过渡照明方法,利用过渡屏照明来补偿人眼在恶劣光照条件下的暗适应反应时间。实验中通过改变过渡屏亮度等级和观察时间以评估过渡照明的最优亮度及时间范围,达到视觉优化作用,保障潜航员操作安全。

关键词：载人潜水器视觉工效过渡照明暗适应评估

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后疫情时代百元油价何去何从?

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价格理论与实践 2022年第7期 69-73页

作者：高新伟王瑾胡帅中国石油大学(华东)经济管理学院青岛恒星科技学院

本轮油价上涨是由国际原油现货市场中的供需形势、原油期货定价影响及外部环境因素共同决定的。其中,外部环境因素主要包括地缘政治冲突因素、美联储加息等。经过分析发现:国际原油供应趋紧、石油公司开发投资意愿薄弱、需求增加、期货... 详细信息

本轮油价上涨是由国际原油现货市场中的供需形势、原油期货定价影响及外部环境因素共同决定的。其中,外部环境因素主要包括地缘政治冲突因素、美联储加息等。经过分析发现:国际原油供应趋紧、石油公司开发投资意愿薄弱、需求增加、期货市场多头大于空头等支撑油价上行的因素较强势,而影响油价下跌的因素相对弱势。基于此,国际油价在反复寻求每桶95美元的支撑位后,将继续保持百元均价高位震荡,油价一直在引导供需关系,疫情后供应增加滞后于消费需求。因此,国际油价尚存一定的上涨空间,国内需要做好应对高油价的准备。

关键词：国际油价原油期货原油供需形势

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