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Strategies to advance thermoelectric performance of PbSe and PbS materials

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4099-4114页

作者： zheng-Hao Hou xin Qian Qiu-Juan Cui shu-Fang wang Li-Dong zhao Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials College of Chemical EngineeringShijiazhuang UniversityShijiazhuang 050035China Hebei Key Lab of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials College of Physics Science and TechnologyHebei UniversityBaoding 071002China school of Materials science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Thermoelectric materials possess the unique capability to convert thermal energy into electric energy and vice versa,making them promising for waste heat recovery and efficient cooling ***,extensively investigated thermoelectric materials such as Bi2Te3,PbTe and GeTe exhibit superior thermoelectric properties at room temperature and medium temperature ***,the broad application of these thermoelectric materials has been impeded by the high cost and restricted accessibility of Te and Ge in the earth's *** the past few years,researchers have shown increasing interest in PbSe-and PbS-based materials,primarily attributed to their abundant elemental supply and relatively low *** assessment of research progress and a comprehensive overview of optimization strategies in time can significantly contribute to further improving the thermoelectric *** strategies include optimizing carrier concentration(aliovalent doping,dynamic doping and defect state),enhancing density-of-state effective mass(band convergence,band flattening and energy filtering effect),optimizing carrier mobility(band sharpening and band alignment)and reducing lattice thermal conductivity(all-scale hierarchical defect structures designing).This systematic summary and analysis provide novel insights and perspectives for the development of thermoelectric materials.

关键词： PbSe and PbS thermoelectric materials Carrier concentration Density-of-state effective mass Carrier mobility Lattice thermal conductivity

Design strategies of high-performance lead-free electroceramics for energy storage applications

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 853-878页

作者： Biao guo Fei Jin Li Li Zi-zhao Pan xin-Wei xu Hong wang Department of Materials science and Engineering College of EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China school of Microelectronics and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

A greater number of compact and reliable electrostatic capacitors are in demand due to the Internet of Things boom and rapidly growing complex and integrated electronic systems,continuously promoting the development of high-energy-density ceramic-based *** significant successes have been achieved in obtaining high energy densities in lead-based ferroelectric ceramics,the utilization of lead-containing ceramies has been restricted due to environmental and health hazards of ***-free ferroelectric ceramics have garnered tremendous attention and are expected to replace lead-based ceramics in the near ***,the energy density of lead-free ceramics is still lagging behind that of lead-containing ***,severely limiting their *** efforts have been made to enhance the energy storage performance of lead-free ceramics using multi-scale design strategies,and exciting progress has been achieved in the past *** review briefly discusses the energy storage mechanism and fundamental characteristics of a dielectric capacitor,summarizes and compares the state-of-the-art design strategies for high-energy-density lead-free ceramics,and highlights several critical issues and requirements for industrial *** prospects and challenges of lead-free ceramics for energy storage applications are also discussed.

关键词： Dielectric materials Lead-free ceramic Environment friendly Energy storage Design strategy

A Single-Cell Landscape of Human Liver Transplantation Reveals a Pathogenic Immune Niche Associated with Early Allograft Dysfunction

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 193-208页

作者： xin Shao zheng wang Kai wang Xiaoyan Lu Ping Zhang Rongfang guo Jie Liao Penghui Yang shusen zheng Xiao xu Xiaohui Fan Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang UniversityJiaxing 314103China Zhejiang university school of Medicine Hangzhou 310058China NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation Hangzhou 310003China Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Shulan(Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Shulan International Medical CollegeZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhou 310000China Engineering Research Center of Innovative Anticancer Drugs Ministry of EducationHarbin 150023China

Liver transplantation(LT)is the standard therapy for individuals afflicted with end-stage liver *** notable advancements in LT technology,the incidence of early allograft dysfunction(EAD)remains a critical concern,exacerbating the current organ shortage and detrimentally affecting the prognosis of ***,the perplexing hepatic heterogeneity has impeded characterization of the cellular traits and molecular events that contribute to ***,we constructed a pioneering single-cell transcriptomic landscape of human transplanted livers derived from non-EAD and EAD patients,with 12 liver samples collected from 7 donors during the cold perfusion and portal reperfusion *** of the 75231 cells of non-EAD and EAD patients revealed an EAD-associated immune niche comprising mucosal-associated invariant T cells,granzyme B^(+)(GZMB^(+))granzyme K^(+)(GZMK^(+))natural killer cells,and S100 calcium binding protein A12^(+)(S100A12^(+))***,we verified this immune niche and its association with EAD occurrence in two independent *** findings elucidate the cellular characteristics of transplanted livers and the EAD-associated pathogenic immune niche at the single-cell level,thus,offering valuable insights into EAD onset.

关键词： Human liver transplantation Early allograft dysfunction Pathogenic immune niche Single-cell analysis Cell-cell communication

Regulation of Ti(C,N)deposition on hot surface of refractory in blast furnace hearth

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1423-1435页

作者： jian Cao Cui wang Jjan-liang Zhang Ke-xin Jiao guo-hua Zhang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China school of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Ti(C,N)concentration was found to be lower on the hearth sidewall of a blast furnace and increased gradually toward the bottom of the blast *** Ti(C,N)protective layer in a blast furnace is ***,the formation of a Ti(C,N)protective layer was promoted by studying the heterogeneous nucleation principle of titanium compounds on different substances and regulation measures for the deposition process of titanium compounds on refractories or *** lattice disregistry between the titanium compounds and the main components in the refractory or the main impurities in the protective layer was calculated using a two-dimensional disregistry equation to study the heterogeneous nucleation principle of titanium *** results revealed that in refractory materials,the heterogeneous nucleation of carbonitride is weak when C,SiO_(2),and Al_(2)O_(3) are used as heterogeneous nucleation substrates,and the heterogeneous nucleation of carbonitride is strong when TiO_(2) and SiC are used as heterogeneous nucleation *** nucleation phases,TiC,TiN,Ti(C_(0.3),N_(0.7)),and Ti(C_(0.5),N_(0.5))have similar heterogeneous nucleation ability in single component refractory,and the type of carbonitride has little effect on the lattice *** impurities in the protective layer as the substrate phases are not conducive to the heterogeneous nucleation of *** CaS was used as the substrate phase,the heterogeneous nucleation ability of carbonitride was the *** carbon and alumina were not conducive to the heterogeneous nucleation of carbonitride,but carbon was more unfavourable than alumina.

关键词： Ti(C,N) Lattice disregistry Lattice constant Heterogeneous nucleation Regulation measure

Nickel-catalyzed carbonylative four-component 1,4-dicarbofunctionalization of 1,3-enynes

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science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 2029-2038页

作者： Yan zhao Qi-Chao Shan Hong xin Pin Gao xu Yang xin-Hua Duan Li-Na guo Department of Chemistry School of ChemistryXi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy StorageMaterials and DevicesMinistry of EducationXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China school of Electrical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

An efficient Ni-catalyzed four-component 1,4-carbocarbonylation of 1,3-enynes with activated alkyl halides and arylboronic acids under atmospheric pressure of CO is *** tuning the electronic and steric effects of alkyl radicals,both electronrich and electron-deficient 1,3-enynes were compatible with this *** protocol features mild conditions,broad substrate scope,excellent functional group compatibility and facile gram-scale synthesis,providing a practical approach to the quaternary carbon center-containing allenyl *** study revealed that the acyl-NiIIspecies plays an important role in both the coupling and the alkyl radical generation processes.

关键词： Ni catalysis four-component 1 4-carbocarbonylation 1 3-enynes

Effective utilization of dolomitic lead-zinc waste rock by replacing dolomite as flux in iron ore sintering process

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第8期31卷 1861-1872页

作者： xin wang Cong-cong Yang jian Pan De-qing Zhu zheng-qi guo Guang-hui Xia Shi-juan Qu school of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina Low-Carbon and Hydrogen Metallurgy Research Center Central South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina

With increasingly stringent environmental protection policies,cost-effective and value-added treatment of massive lead-zinc waste rock(LZWR)generated from the preconcentration process has attracted substantial attention.A type of dolomitic LZWR with 18 wt.%MgO,27 wt.%CaO,0.29 wt.%Zn and 1.43 wt.%S was used as a replacement flux in the iron ore sintering *** sinter pot tests were carried out based on an industrial ore *** results show that replacing 0%-60%of dolomite with LZWR does not adversely affect the sintering productivity,fuel consumption rate,and the quality of the sinter products,while the Zn and S elements contained in LZWR can be effectively removed with the residual Zn and S contents of the resultant sinter products being less than 0.02 and 0.055 wt.%,***,substituting LZWR for dolomite as a flux inevitably increases the SO_(2) concentration in the sintering flue gas due to its high sulfur *** the processing capacity of the sintering flue gas desulfurization system,the replacement ratio of dolomite can reach 40%,equal to LZWR consumption of 24.3 kg per ton of *** SO_(2) in sintering flue gas can be recovered to produce(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) or HSO_(4),while the volatilized Zn collected into the zinc-containing dust can be subsequently recycled by the rotary hearth furnace ***,it is technologically and economically feasible to use the LZWR as a replacement flux in the iron ore sintering process,providing a new way for the safe,large-scale and low-cost treatment of LZWR.

关键词： Lead Zinc waste rock Dolomite Sintering Flue gas Sinter product

Composition operators on weighted Bergman spaces induced by doubling weights

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science China Mathematics 2024年第7期67卷 1571-1598页

作者： xin guo Maofa wang school of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China

Given a doubling weightωon the unit disk D,let A_(ω)^(p) be the space of all the holomorphic functions f,where∥f∥A_(ω)^(p):=(∫_(D)|f(z)|_(p)ω(z)dA(z))^(1/p)<∞.We completely characterize the topological connectedness of the set of composition operators on A_(ω)^(p).As an application,we construct an interesting example which reveals that two composition operators on A_(α)^(p) in the same path component may fail to have a compact difference and give a negative answer to the Shapiro-Sundberg question in the(standard)weighted Bergman *** addition,we completely describe the central compactness of any finite linear combinations of composition operators on A_(ω)^(p) in three terms:a Julia-Carathéodory-type function-theoretic characterization,a power-type characterization,and a Carleson-type measure-theoretic characterization.

关键词： composition operator linear combination linearly connected weighted Bergman space doubling weight

Recent progress on mechanisms,principles,and strategies for high-activity and high-stability non-PGM fuel cell catalyst design

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Carbon Energy 2024年第5期6卷 25-52页

作者： Yuping Yuan yun zheng Dan Luo Weibin Qiu jiantao wang xin wang Zhongwei Chen GRINM(Guangdong)Institute of New Materials Technology FoshanChina Department of Chemical Engineering Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyWaterloo Institute for Sustainable EnergyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringSouth China Normal UniversityGuangdongChina National Power Battery Innovation Center GRINM Group Co.Ltd.BeijingChina

The commercialization of a polymer membrane H2-O2 fuel cell and its widespread use call for the development of cost-effective oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)nonplatinum group metal(NPGM)***,to meet the requests for the real-world fuel cell application and replacing platinum catalysts,it still needs to address some challenges for NPGM catalysts regarding the sluggish ORR kinetics in the cathode and their poor durability in acidic *** response to these issues,numerous efforts have been made to study NPGM catalysts both theoretically and experimentally,developed these into the atomically dispersed coordinated metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C)form over the past *** this review,we present a comprehensive summary of recent advancements on NPGM catalysts with high activity and *** design strategies in terms of optimizing active-site density and enhancing catalyst stability against demetalization and carbon corrosion are *** is also emphasized the importance of understanding the mechanisms and principles behind those strategies through a combination of theoretical modeling and experimental ***,further understanding the mechanisms related to the active-site structure and the formation process of the single-atom active site under pyrolysis conditions is critical for active-site *** the active-site distance is the basic principle for improving catalyst activity through increasing the catalyst active-site *** studies for the catalyst deactivation mechanism and modeling stable active-site structures provide both mechanisms and principles to improve the NPGM catalyst ***,currently remained challenges and perspectives in the future on designing high-performance atomically dispersed NPGM catalysts toward fuel cell application are discussed.

关键词： batteries electrocatalysis energy storage and conversion fuel cells

Layered niobium carbide enabling excellent kinetics and cycling stability of Li-Mg-B-H hydrogen storage material Layered niobium carbide enabling excellent kinetics

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1153-1166页

作者： Li-Wen Lu Hui Luo Guang-xu Li yun Li xin-Hua wang Cun-Ke Huang Zhi-QiangLan Wen-zheng Zhou Jin guo Mohammad Ismail Hai-Zhen Liu Guangxi Novel Battery Materials Research Center of Engineering Technology Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationSchool of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures Nanning530004China school of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Quzhou College of TechnologyQuzhou324000China Department of Materials science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu21030Kuala NerusTerengganuMalaysia Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai UniversityTianjin300071China

The Li-Mg-B-H composite(2LiBH_(4)+MgH_(2))has a high capacity of 11.4 wt%as a hydrogen storage ***,the slow kinetics and poor cycling stability severely restrict its practical *** this work,a layered Nb_(2)C MXene was first synthesized and then introduced to tailor the kinetics and cycling stability of the Li-Mg-B-H *** milled 2LiH+MgB_(2)composites were initially hydrogenated to obtain the 2LiBH_(4)+MgH_(2)*** 2LiBH_(4)+MgH_(2)+5wt%Nb_(2)C can release 9.0 wt%H_(2)in 30 min at 400℃,while it is only 2.7 wt%for the undoped 2LiBH_(4)+MgH_(2).The dehydrogenation activation energies of MgH_(2)and LiBH_(4)are 123 and 154 kJ·mol^(-1)respectively for the 5 wt%Nb_(2)C-doped composite,lower than the undoped composite(164 and 165 kJ·mol^(-1)).The 2LiBH_(4)+MgH_(2)+5 wt%Nb_(2)C possesses excellent cycling stability,with the reversible capacity only slightly reduced from 9.4 wt%for the 1st cycle to 9.3 wt%for the 20th ***_(2)C keeps stable in the composite and acts as an efficient catalyst for the Li-Mg-B-H *** is believed that both the layered structure and the active Nb element contribu te to the enhanced hydrogen storage performances of the Li-Mg-B-H *** work confirms that the Nb_(2)C MXene with layered stru cture has a significant enhancing impact on the Li-Mg-B-H hydrogen storage materials,which is different from the bulk NbC.

关键词： Hydrogen storage Lithium borohydride Magnesium hydride Nb_(2)C MXene