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Expression of HER2 and bradykinin B_1 receptors in precursor lesions of gallbladder carcinoma

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第11期18卷 1208-1215页

作者： Cesar Toledo Carola E Matus ximena barraza Pamela Arroyo Pamela Ehrenfeld Carlos D Figueroa Kanti D Bhoola Maeva del Pozo Maria T Poblete Laboratorio de Patologia Celular Instituto de AnatomiaHistologia y PatologiaUniversidad Austral de ChileValdivia Box 567Chile Servicio de Anatomia Patologica Hospital Base Lung Institute of Western AustraliaCentre for Asthma and Allergy Research InstituteUniversity of Western Australia

AIM： To determine the expression of HER2 and bradykinin B1 receptors （B1R） in the two pathogenic models of gallbladder cancer： the metaplasia dysplasia carcino ma and the adenoma carcinoma pathways.METHODS： Receptor proteins were visualized by immunohistochemistry on 5-μm sections of paraffin-embedded tissue. Expression of both receptors was studied in biopsy samples from 92 patients （6 males and 86 females; age ranging from 28 to 86 years, mean 56 years）. High HER2 expression in specimens was additionally investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cell proliferation in each sample was assessed by using the Ki-67 proliferation marker.RESULTS： HER2 receptor protein was absent in adenomas and in normal gallbladder epithelium. On the contrary, there was intense staining for HER2 on the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells of intestinal metaplasia （22/24; 91.7%） and carcinoma in situ （9/10; 90%）, the lesions that displayed a significantly high proliferation index. Protein up-regulation of HER2 in the epithelium with metaplasia or carcinoma in s/tu was not accompanied by HER2 gene amplification. A similar result was observed in invasive carcinomas （0/12）. The B1R distribution pattern mirrored that of HER2 except that B1R was additionally observed in the adenomas. The B1R appeared either as cytoplasmic dots or labeling on the apical cell membrane of the cells composing the epithelia with intestinal metaplasia （24/24; 100%） and carcinoma in situ （10/10; 100%） and in the epithelial cells of adenomas. In contrast, both HER2 （4/12; 33%） and B1R （1/12; 8.3%） showed a low expression in inva- sive gallbladder carcinomas.CONCLUSION： The up-regulation of HER2 and B1R in precursor lesions of gallbladder carcinoma suggests cross-talk between these two receptors that may be of importance in the modulation of cell proliferation in gallbladder carcinogenesis,

关键词： Bradykinin BI receptor HER2 Gallbladderadenoma Gallbladder dysplasia Intestinal metaplasia Gallbladder cancer

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Suffocated shoots:Hypoxia-induced synthesis of salicylic acid inhibits plant regeneration

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 528-530页

作者： ximena Chirinos Francesco Licausi Department of Biology University of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13RBUK

Plant cells possess the unique ability to revert differentiated somatic cells back to a pluripotent state,a trait utilized in in vitro tissue *** plant propagation strategy involves the exogenous supplementation of auxin and cytokinin,two phytohormones that promote cellular reprogramming and de novo *** exposed to an auxin-rich medium,somatic cells proliferate and form the callus,a pluripotent cell *** the attainment of pluripotency,the callus can be transferred to a cytokinin-rich medium to induce shoot regeneration.

关键词： plant synthesis transferred

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Animal behavior can inform conservation policy, we just need to get on with the jobor can it？

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 479-485页

作者： ximena J. NELSON, Editor School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand

1 Conservation Behavior as an Emerging Discipline on the Brink of Success, or Unrealistic Ideal？ It seems intuitively sensible that an understanding of the behavioral characteristics of animals, such as their home ranges, diets, mating systems, and dispersal me- chanisms, may be useful to inform conservation efforts in determining, for example, suitable reintroduction areas, or the design of dispersal corridors.

关键词：行为特征动物减排新兴学科活动范围交配系统疏散通道再引入

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Distance assessment of detours by jum ping spiders

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 263-273页

作者： Samuel AGUILAR-ARGUELLO Daniel GERHARD ximena J.NELSON School of Biological Sciences University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand School of Mathem atics and Statistics University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand

To take an indirect route(detour)in order to reach a specific target requires complex cognitive *** more demanding,from the cognitive point of view,is when the goal is only visible at the beginning of the *** spiders from the family Sa lticidae,vision is a key sensory modal-ity mediating navigation and prey *** acute vision allows them to perform complicated detours,possibly as a consequence of the multitude of potential routes in their typically complex 3-dimensional *** used a 4-route choice test,in which routes differed in being either short or long and in the presence or absence of a lure of a prey item,to investigate route assessment in 2 salticid species,Trite planiceps and Marpissa *** both species showed evidence of motivation to follow lured-routes,judging by the number of times they re-oriented toward them while detouring,we found that Trite chose short routes in preference to long routes,but did not prefer the *** contrast,Marpissa exhibited random route choice,although it ori-ented toward lured-routes more often than control routes(lure absent).Our results suggest that decision-making processes about which route to take occurs before embarking on a route,but this is cognitively *** exhibited cognitive limitations in which the lack of visibility of the goal affected ***,the severity of cognitive limitations depended on *** suggest that variability in spatial ability across the Salticidae may be related to the habitat complexity inhabited by each species.

关键词： cognition cognitive limitations decision-making detour behavior Salticidae spatial task

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Evolutionary implications of deception in mimicry and masquerade

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 6-15页

作者： ximena J. NELSON School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand

Aggressive mimicry occurs when an organism resembles some aspect of another organism （the model） in order to obtain prey through its deceptive resemblance. This may function either through the overt response of the receiver or through the lack of response of the receiver. Reviewing selected examples, I discuss some of the difficulties in ascribing a model for the mimic. I also discuss how a single animal can have multiple ploys in its armoury of deceptive signals, thus belonging within two or more categories of deceptive signalling. In addition to aggressive mimicry, these may include crypsis or camouflage, mas- querade （mimicry of inanimate objects）, and Batesian or protective mimicry. Each of these examples of deception has multiple evolutionary pathways, and some deceptive signals may be more costly to receivers than others, but no single organism is subject to a single selection pressure, leading to the reality that many evolutionary pathways contribute to the diversity we see around us. New technologies are opening new channels of investigation into deceptive signaling in many different sensory modalities, and this is reflected in the recent increase in studies investigating the structure and function of deceptive signals. In turn, these studies are beginning to expose the fascinating complexity of deceptive signaling systems, allowing us to discover the myriad, non-mutually exclusive, solutions that can be selected for to obtain prey

关键词： Mimicry Masquerade Crypsis Deceptive communication Cleaner fish Pre-existing biases

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The ILux^(®) compared to the mechanical meibomian gland expression for the treatment of moderate and severe meibomian gland dysfunction

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第6期17卷 1042-1048页

作者： María ximena Núñez Andrea Acosta-Ortega Guillermo Raul Vera-Duarte Catalina Gómez-Duarte Unit of Cornea Cataract and Refractive SurgeryVision Sana Research GroupClínica de Oftalmología de CaliFaculty of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Javeriana CaliCali 760031Colombia Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Javeriana CaliCali 760031Colombia Department of Ophthalmology Hospital de ClínicasNational University of AsunciónAsunción 111421Paraguay

AIM:To compare the safety and effectiveness of eyelid treatment with the ILux®-MGD Treatment System in one session versus five sessions of mechanical meibomian gland expression(MMGE)in patients with moderate to severe meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).METHODS:A prospective,randomized,open-label,and controlled clinical trial that compared one session of the ILux®MGD Treatment System versus five sessions of MMGE in both eyes of 130 patients aged≥18y with Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)scores≥13,total meibomian gland scores(MGS)of<15 in the lower eyelid of each eye,and non-invasive tear break-up time(NI-TBUT)<10s,who were randomized 1:1 to ILux®or ***:The mean age was 58±*** total MGS scores in both treatment groups were *** follow-up,there were significant differences in total MGS and per sector with P<*** analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations corresponding to the generalized linear model for repeated means to determine the treatment relationship with total MGS,NIBUT,and *** was a significant difference between ILux®and MMGE(P<0.001)at follow-up from the first to the twelfth month in MGS,NI-BUT,and OSDI *** adverse events were ***:ILux®treatment compared to MMGE significantly improves symptoms and signs in patients with moderate to severe MGD for one year without adverse events.

关键词： meibomian gland dysfunction ILux® ocular surface dry eye

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Comparison of lipid extraction methods for the microalgae Acutodesmus obliquus

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第5期11卷 211-217页

作者： Diana ximena Hurtado Claudia Lorena Garzón-Castro Jhon Cortés-Romero Edisson Tello Camacho Bioprospecting and CAPSAB Research Groups Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad de La SabanaCundinamarca 53753Colombia Biosciences Doctoral Program Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad de La SabanaCundinamarca 53753Colombia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá53753Colombia

Microalgae are widely used in the pharmaceutical and energy industries,therefore the conditions for their cultivation and extraction methods play an important role in the profiling and acquisition of *** efficiency of lipid extraction from microalgae has attracted great interest from industry because of the wide variety of lipids and amounts that can be *** obliquus(Scenedesmus obliquus UTEX 393)was used in this *** was cultivated in Bold 3N medium modified with 75%nitrogen at 25℃,pH 6.8,125 r/min and a photoperiod of 18/6 h and illuminated with white light provided by a Light-Emitting Diode Surface Mount Device extensions(LED SMD)with an intensity of 1200μE/(m^(2)·s).The cells were stained with the Red Nile(RN)technique to indicate lipid *** extraction methods were compared,classical,microwave(MW),Soxhlet,and ultrasound(US),using the same solvent proportions(hexane:chloroform:methanol=1:2:3).All samples were analyzed with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed:1)lipid production detected by RN was consistent with microalgal growth;2)the MW technique was the best extraction method,according to the statistical analysis through Randomized Complete Block(RCB)design and performance of 4.6%;and 3)the presence of saturated and unsaturated acids was indicated by FTIR ***-MS was able to identify palmitic and linoleic acids as the likely major constituents of the sample.

关键词： Acutodesmus obliquus lipid extraction trans-esterification Red Nile(RN)

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Vocal repertoire of the New Zealand kea parrot Nestor notabilis

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 727-740页

作者： Raoul SCHWING Stuart PARSONS ximena J. NELSON School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand

The unique alpine-living kea parrot Nestor notabilis has been the focus of numerous cognitive studies, but its com- munication system has so far been largely neglected. We examined 2,884 calls recorded in New Zealand＇s Southern Alps. Based on audio and visual spectrographic differences, these calls were categorised into seven distinct call types： the non-oscillating ＇screech＇ contact call and ＇mew＇; and the oscillating ＇trill＇, ＇chatter＇, ＇warble＇ and ＇whistle＇; and a hybrid ＇screech-trill＇. Most of these calls contained aspects that were individually unique, in addition to potentially encoding for an individual＇s sex and age. Additionally, for each recording, the sender＇s previous and next calls were noted, as well as any response given by conspecifics. We found that the previous and next calls made by the sender were most often of the same type, and that the next most likely pre- ceding and/or following call type was the screech call, a contact call which sounds like the ＇kee-ah＇ from which the bird＇s name derives. As a social bird capable of covering large distances over visually obstructive terrain, long distance contact calls may be of considerable importance for social cohesion. Contact calls allow kea to locate conspecifics and congregate in temporary groups for social activities. The most likely response to any given call was a screech, usually followed by the same type of call as the ini- tial call made by the sender, although responses differed depending on the age of the caller. The exception was the warble, the kea＇s play call, to which the most likely response was another warble. Being the most common call type, as well as the default response to another call, it appears that the ＇contagious＇ screech contact call plays a central role in kea vocal communication and social cohesion [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 727-740, 2012].

关键词： Acoustic signals Communication Kea Psittacidae Social behaviour Habitat

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How spiders practice aggressive and Batesian mimicry

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 620-629页

作者： ximena J. NELSON Robert R. JACKSON School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Thomas Odhiambo Campus EO. Box 30 Mbita Point Kenya

To understand communication, the interests of the sender and the receiver/s of signals should be considered sepa-rately. When our goal is to understand the adaptive significance of specific responses to specific signals by the receiver, questions about signal information are useful. However, when our goal is to understand the adaptive significance to the sender of generating a signal, it may be better to envisage the receiver＇s response to signals as part of the sender＇s extended phenotype. By making signals, a sender interfaces with the receiver＇s model of the world and indirectly manipulates its behaviour. This is especially clear in cases of mimicry, where animals use deceptive signals that indirectly manipulate the behaviour of receivers. Many animals adopt Batesian mimicry to deceive their predators, or aggressive mimicry to deceive their prey. We review examples from the lite-rature on spiders to illustrate how these phenomena, traditionally thought of as distinct, can become entangled in a web of lies .

关键词： Mimicry Communication Spider Deception Signal Search image

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Female mate choice and the potential for ornament evolution in túngara frogs Physalaemus pustulosus

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 343-357页

作者： Michael J.RYAN ximena E.BERNAL A.Stanley RAND Section of Integrative Biology C0930 University of Texas Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution Department of Biological Science Texas Tech University Srnithsonian Tropical Research Institution

The potential for ornament evolution in response to sexual selection rests on the interaction between the permissive- ness or selectivity of female preferences and the constraints on male development of signaling related traits. We investigate the former by determining how latent female preferences either exaggerate the magnitude of current traits （i.e. elaborations） or favor novel traits （i.e. innovations）. In tt^ngara frogs, females prefer complex mating calls （whine-chucks） to simple calls （whine only）. The whine is critical for mate recognition while the chuck further enhances the attractiveness of the call. Here we use a combina- tion of synthetic and natural stimuli to examine latent female preferences. Our results show that a diversity of stimuli, including conspecific and heterospecific calls as well as predator-produced and human-made sounds, increase the attractiveness of a call when added to a whine. These stimuli do not make simple calls more attractive than a whine-chuck, however. In rare cases we found stimuli that added to the whine decrease the attractiveness of the call. Overall, females show strong preferences for both elaborations and innovations of the chuck. We argue that the emancipation of these acoustic adornments from mate recognition allows such female permissiveness, and that male constraints on signal evolution are probably more important in explaining why males evolved their specific adornment. Experimentally probing latent female preferences for stimuli out of the species＇ range is a useful means to gain insights about the potential of female choice to influence signal evolution and thus the astounding diversity in male sexually-selected traits [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 343-357, 2010].

关键词： Mate choice Ornament evolution Tfingara frogs Physalaemus pustulosus

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