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Evaluation of the Precision Agricultural Landscape Modeling System (PALMS) in the Semiarid Texas Southern High Plains

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Open j.urnal of Soil Science 2013年第4期3卷 169-181页

作者： j.hn R. nelson Robert j. Lascano j.n D. Booker Richard E. Zartman Timothy S. Goebel Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Courtland Kansas USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA. USDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit Lubbock Texas USA

Accurate models to simulate the soil water balance in semiarid cropping systems are needed to evaluate management practices for soil and water conservation in both irrigated and dryland production systems. The obj.ctive of this study was to evaluate the application of the Precision Agricultural Landscape Modeling System (PALMS) model to simulate soil water content throughout the growing season for several years and for three maj.r soil series of the semiarid Texas Southern High Plains (SHP). Accuracy of the model was evaluated by comparing measured and calculated values of soil water content and using root mean squared difference (RMSD), squared bias (SB), squared difference between standard deviations (SDSD), and lack of correlation weighted by the standard deviation (LCS). Different versions of the model were obtained by modifying soil hydraulic properties, including saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and residual (θr) and saturated (θs) soil volumetric water content, which were calculated using Rosetta pedotransfer functions. These modifications were combined with updated routines of the soil water solver in PALMS to account for rapid infiltration into dry soils that often occur in the SHP. Field studies were conducted across a wide range of soil and water conditions in the SHP. Soil water content was measured by neutron attenuation and gravimetrically throughout the growing seasons at each location to compare absolute values and the spatial distribution of soil water with PALMS calculated values. Use of Rosetta calculated soil hydraulic properties improved PALMS soil water calculation from 1% - 13% of measured soil volumetric water content (θv) depending on soil type. Large-scale models such as PALMS have the potential to more realistically represent management effects on soil water availability in agricultural fields. Improvements in PALMS soil water calculations indicated that the model may be useful to assess long-term implications of management practices

关键词： Model Validation Landscape Scale Hydrology Soil Water Content Cropping Systems

Alcoholic liver disease:Utility of animal models

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2018年第45期24卷 5063-5075页

作者： Arantza Lamas-Paz Fengj.e Hao Leonard j.nelson Maria Teresa Vázquez Santiago Canals Manuel Gómez del Moral Eduardo Martínez-Naves Yulia A Nevzorova Francisco j.vier Cubero Department of Immunology Ophthalmology and ORLComplutense University School of MedicineMadrid 28040Spain 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute(imas12) Madrid 28041Spain Institute for Bioengineering(IBioE) School of EngineeringFaraday BuildingThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH9 3 JLScotlandUnited Kingdom Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Complutense University School of MedicineMadrid 28040Spain Instituto de Neurociencias Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasUniversidad Miguel HernándezSan Juan de Alicante 03550Spain Department of Cell Biology Complutense University School of MedicineMadrid 28040Spain Department of Genetics Physiology and MicrobiologyFaculty of BiologyUniversidad ComplutenseMadrid 28040Spain Department of Internal Medicine Ⅲ University Hospital RWTH AachenAachen 52062Germany

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is a maj.r cause of acute and chronic liver inj.ry. Extensive evidence has been accumulated on the pathological process of ALD during the past decades. However, effective treatment options for ALD are very limited due to the lack of suitable in vivo models that recapitulate the full spectrum of ALD. Experimental animal models of ALD, particularly rodents, have been used extensively to mimic human ALD. An ideal animal model should recapitulate all aspects of the ALD process, including significant steatosis, hepatic neutrophil infiltration, and liver inj.ry. A better strategy against ALD depends on clear diagnostic biomarkers, accurate predictor(s) of its progression and new therapeutic approaches to modulate stop or even reverse the disease. Numerous models employing rodent animals have been established in the last decades to investigate the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on the initiation and progression of ALD. Although significant progress has been made in gaining better knowledge on the mechanisms and pathology of ALD, many features of ALD are unknown, and require further investigation, ideally with improved animal models that more effectively mimic human ALD. Although differences in the degree and stages of alcoholic liver inj.ry inevitably exist between animal models and human ALD, the acquisition and translational relevance will be greatly enhanced with the development of new and improved animal models of ALD.

关键词： Steatohepatitis Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Alcoholic liver disease Reactive oxygen species

Modeling Dietary Fiber Intakes in US Adults: Implications for Public Policy

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第9期2卷 925-931页

作者： Theresa A. Nicklas Carol E. O’Neil DeAnn j. Liska nelson G. Almeida Victor L. Fulgoni III 不详

Obj.ctive: The goal of this study was to simulate the application of the dietary recommendations to increase dietary fiber (DF)-containing foods. Methods: This study used 24-hour dietary recalls from NHANES 2003-2006 to model the impact of different approaches of increasing DF with current dietary patterns of US adults 19 + years: 1) increased all DF-containing foods by 10, 25, 50, or 100%;2) increased DF content of low DF grain products to a good (2.5 g/serving) or an excellent source level (5.0 g/serving);and 3) increased intake of whole grain foods to meet the recommendation of one-half of total grain. Results: Increasing DF-containing foods by 10, 25, 50, or 100% increased DF intake to 16.9, 18.9, 22.1, and 29.5 g/d, respectively with a concomitant increase in energy of 104, 260, 521, 1042 kcal/d, respectively. Adding 2.5 or 5.0 g/serving DF to low DF grain foods to result in DF intakes of 24.7 and 39.1 g/day, respectively without increased energy. Increasing consumption of whole grain foods increased DF intake to 25.3 g/day but with an additional 1266 kcal/d. Conclusions: Adding additional DF to existing grain-based foods may be a reasonable approach to getting more DF, without increased energy, in the American diet.

关键词： Dietary Fiber Adults Statistical Modeling of Fiber NHANES

Restraint Induces Sickness Responses Independent of Inj.ction with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Encoded dUTPase

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j.urnal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第11期4卷 491-505页

作者： Taryn G. Aubrecht Bachir Abi Salloum Maria Eugenia Ariza Marshall Williams Brenda Reader Ronald Glaser j.hn Sheridan Randy j. nelson Departments of Neuroscience The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Departments of Molecular Virology Immunology & Medical Genetics The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research Wexner Medical Center Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Division of Bioscience College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

Most adult humans have been infected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a putative cause of chronic fatigue syndrome, and carry latent EBV. The EBV-encoded dUTPase can induce sickness responses in mice and chronic stress exacerbates this response. Because individuals often adapt to chronic stress, we tested the hypothesis that acute restraint stress would potentiate these sickness responses elicited by EBV-encoded dUTPase. Male CD-1 mice were inj.cted daily for one or three days with either saline or EBV-encoded dUTPase. Additionally, mice from each condition were either restrained for three hours daily or left undisturbed during the light phase when mice are inactive. Restraint decreased weight gain during the one- and three-day experiments. Restraint in saline inj.cted mice increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field during the three-day experiment. There were no behavioral differences during the one-day experiment. Restraint stress had no effect when experienced acutely on one day, but did produce a sickness response after three days of exposure regardless of saline or dUTPase inj.ction. In contrast to the effects of chronic stress and EBV-encoded dUTPase on the sickness response, acute stress did not affect sickness responses in association with EBV-encoded dUTPase. Thus, dUTPase does not appear to provoke the same sickness responses after acute stress as compared to chronic stress.

关键词： Epstein-Barr Virus Restraint Stress Sickness Response Anxiety-Like and Depressive-Like Behaviors

Cultural knowledge of forests and allied tree system management around Mabira Forest Reserve,Uganda

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j.urnal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1787-1802页

作者： Lucy W.Mulugo Charles Galabuzi Gorettie N.Nabanoga nelson Turyahabwe Gerald Eilu j.seph Obua Esezah Kakudidi Nicole Sibelet College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda National Forestry Resources Research Institute P.O.Box 1752KampalaUganda National Agricultural Research Organization P.O.Box 295EntebbeUganda College of Natural Sciences Makerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda CIRAD TA 60/15.73Rue J-F Breton34398 Montpellier Cedex 5France CATIE Apartado Postal 7170 TurrialbaTurrialba 30501Costa Rica

The cultural universe is sometimes confusing,surprising and murky,so many cultural maps get drawn,discussed and envisioned.A study was undertaken around Mabira Forest Reserve in central Uganda to identify the trees and shrubs culturally managed on-farm,assess the cultural practices of forest and tree system management and determine the relationship between farmer gender and forest and tree system *** engaged 203 farmers in focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews to collect *** data were j.intly evaluated with farmers;quantitative data were analyzed in SPSS *** results showed a high likelihood for involvement of local people in tree or forest management for economic gain,as timber and fast-growing species were highly *** and medicinal species were also regarded as important,suggesting high prospects of integrating them into the local farming system or protecting them in the *** cultural practices(including rituals,trenching,bark slashing,ring barking,spot weeding and use of organic manure and pesticides)of forest and tree system management were ***,their knowledge was mixed and unclear about distinct cultural and supportive arrangements for natural forest and tree *** gender was not a significant cultural attribute for knowledge of the forest and allied tree system management,age substantially affected farmer propensity for various timber *** farmer’s family size influenced the collection of tree wildings and *** encourage considering gender disparities and livelihood needs including income,during selection of cultural practices for forest and tree restoration.

关键词： Traditional Cultural ways Forest management Indigenous knowledge Superstition

Testing whether adrenal steroids mediate phenotypic and physiologic effects of elevated salinity on larval tiger salamanders

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 27-44页

作者： Brian j.TORNABENE Erica j.CRESPI Creagh W.BREUNER Blake R.HOSSACK Wildlife Biology Program W.A.Franke College of Forestry&ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA School of Biological Sciences Center for Reproductive SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA U.S.Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science CenterMissoulaMontanaUSA

Salinity(sodium chloride,NaCl)from anthropogenic sources is a persistent contaminant that negatively affects freshwater *** can be susceptible to salinity,but some species are innately or adaptively *** mechanisms mediating tolerance to salinity are still unclear,but changes in osmoregulatory hor-mones such as corticosterone(CORT)and aldosterone(ALDO)are prime *** exposed larval barred tiger salamanders(Ambystoma mavortium)to environmentally relevant NaCl treatments(<32–4000 mg·L-1)for 24 days to test effects on growth,survival,and waterborne CORT *** those sampled,we also quantiﬁed waterborne ALDO from a *** a glucocorticoid antagonist(RU486),we also experimentally suppressed CORT signaling of some larvae to determine if CORT mediates effects of *** were no strong differ-ences in survival among salinity treatments,but salinity reduced dry mass,snout–vent length,and body condition while increasing water content of *** survival and sublethal effects demonstrated that salamanders were physiologically challenged but could tolerate the experimental *** signaling did not attenuate sublethal effects of *** and stress-induced(after an acute stressor,shaking)CORT were not inﬂu-enced by *** was correlated with baseline CORT,suggesting it could be difﬁcult to decouple the roles of CORT and *** studies comparing ALDO and CORT responses of adaptively tolerant and previously unexposed populations could be beneﬁcial to understand the roles of these hormones in tolerance to ***-ertheless,our study enhances our understanding of the roles of corticosteroid hormones in mediating effects of a prominent anthropogenic stressor.

关键词： caudate conservation physiology glucocorticoids sodium chloride tolerance

Dissociation of the N400 component between linguistic and non-linguistic processing: A source analysis study

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World j.urnal of Neuroscience 2014年第1期4卷 25-39页

作者： Anne Gallagher Renée Béland Phetsamone Vannasing Maria Luisa Bringas Pedro Valdes Sosa nelson j. Truj.llo-Barreto j.hn Connolly Maryse Lassonde Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition Psychologie Department University of Montreal Montreal Canada Centro de Neurosciencias Havana Cuba CHU Ste-j.stine Research Center Montreal Canada International Center for Neurological Rehabilitation (CIREN) Havana Cuba Language Memory & Brain Laboratories Department of Linguistics & Languages McMaster University Hamilton Canada

The N400 component is commonly associated with the detection of linguistic incongruity. A few studies have shown that the N400 can also be elicited by non-linguistic stimuli. Different spatiotemporal patterns were observed between the typical Linguistic N400 and the Non-linguistic N400, suggesting distinct brain generators. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of an N400 in response to linguistic and non-linguistic stimuli, and to specify anatomical sources of both N400s using a novel analysis method: the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) distributed source model. Picture-word and environmental soundpicture associations, either congruent or incongruent, were presented to ten young healthy adults while highdensity ERP recordings were made. Standard electrophysiological analyses confirmed that the N400 was not specific to linguistic incongruity but was also elicited by environmental sound-picture incongruities. Different topographic distributions were obtained for the Linguistic N400 and Non-linguistic N400. BMA analysis showed that the Linguistic N400 generators were mostly located in the left superior temporal gyrus, whereas the sources of the Non-linguistic N400 were identified mostly in the right middle and superior temporal gyri. Detection of linguistic incongruities recruited cerebral areas commonly associated with language processing, whereas non-linguistic incongruities recruited right cerebral regions usually associated with auditory processing of non-linguistic stimuli. The Linguistic and Non-linguistic N400s appear to be elicited by similar cognitive mechanisms assumed by different cerebral areas depending on the type of material to be processed. The present findings support the existence of parallel pathways for the processing of linguistic and non-linguistic incongruities.

关键词： Event-Related Potentials Incongruity Semantic Environmental Sounds Distributed Source Model BMA

Effects of Religious vs. Conventional Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Inflammatory Markers and Stress Hormones in Maj.r Depression and Chronic Medical Illness: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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Open j.urnal of Psychiatry 2015年第3期5卷 238-259页

作者： Lee S. Berk Denise L. Bellinger Harold G. Koenig Noha Daher Michelle j. Pearce Clive j. Robins Bruce nelson Sally F. Shaw Harvey j.y Cohen Michael B. King Allied Health Studies School of Allied Health Professions Loma Linda University Loma Linda USA Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy School of Medicine Loma Linda University Loma Linda USA Center for Spirituality Theology and Health Duke University Durham USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham USA Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham USA Department of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Epidemiology Biostatistics and Population Medicine School of Public Health Loma Linda University Loma Linda USA School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Medical Center Durham USA Department of Research Glendale Adventist Medical Center Glendale USA Division of Psychiatry Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London UK

Background: Depressive disorder is often accompanied by physiological changes that may adversely affect the course of medical illness, including an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Methods: We examine the effects of religious cognitive behavioral therapy (RCBT) vs. conventional CBT (CCBT) on pro-/anti-inflammatory indicators and stress hormones in 132 individuals with maj.r depressive disorder (MDD) and chronic medical illness who were recruited into a multi-site randomized clinical trial. Biomarkers (C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12-p70), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL1ra, IL-4, IL-10), and stress hormones (urinary cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine) were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Differential effects of baseline religiosity on treatment response were also examined, along with effects of religiosity on changes in biomarkers over time independent of treatment group. Biomarker levels were log transformed where possible to normalize distributions. Mixed models were used to examine traj.ctories of change. Results: CRP increased and IL-4, IL-10, and epinephrine decreased over time, mostly in the opposite direction expected (except epinephrine). No significant difference between RCBT and CCBT was found on average traj.ctory of change in any biomarkers. Religiosity interacted with treatment group in effects on IL-6, such that CCBT was more effective than RCBT in lowering lL-6 in those with low religiosity whereas RCBT appeared to be more effective than CCBT in those with high religiosity. Higher baseline religiosity also tended to predict an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines INF-γ and IL-12 (p70) and urinary cortisol over time. Conclusions: RCBT and CCBT had similar effects on stress biomarkers. CCBT was more effective in reducing IL-6 levels in those with low religiosity, whereas RCBT tended to be more effective in those with high religiosity. Unexpectedly, higher baseline religiosity w

关键词： Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Religion Depression Inflammation Immune Function Stress Hormones

Religious Involvement, Inflammatory Markers and Stress Hormones in Maj.r Depression and Chronic Medical Illness

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Open j.urnal of Psychiatry 2014年第4期4卷 335-352页

作者： Denise L. Bellinger Lee S. Berk Harold G. Koenig Noha Daher Michelle j. Pearce Clive j. Robins Bruce nelson Sally F. Shaw Harvey j.y Cohen Michael B. King Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy School of Medicine Loma Linda University Loma Linda CA USA Allied Health Studies School of Allied Health Professions Loma Linda University Loma Linda CA USA Center for Spirituality Theology and Health Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Epidemiology Biostatistics and Population Medicine School of Public Health Loma Linda University Loma Linda CA USA School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Research Glendale Adventist Medical Center Glendale CA USA Division of Psychiatry Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London UK

Background: Religious practices/experiences (RPE) may produce positive physiological changes in patients with maj.r depressive disorder (MDD) and chronic medical illness. Here, we report cross-sectional relationships between depressive symptoms, RPE and stress biomarkers (pro-/anti-inflammatory measures and stress hormones), hypothesizing positive associations between depressive symptoms and stress biomarkers and inverse associations between RPE and stress biomarkers. Methods: We recruited 132 individuals with both MDD and chronic illness into a randomized clinical trial. First, stress biomarkers in the baseline sample were compared to biomarker levels from a community sample. Second, relationships between depressive symptoms and biomarkers were examined, and, finally, relationships between RPE and biomarkers were analyzed, controlling for demographics, depressive symptoms, and physical functioning. Results: As expected, inflammatory markers and stress hormones were higher in our sample with MDD compared to community participants. In the current sample, however, depressive symptoms were largely unrelated to stress biomarkers, and were unexpectedly inversely related to proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β). Likewise, while RPE were largely unrelated to stress biomarkers, they were related to the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA and the stress hormone norepinephrine in expected directions. Unexpectedly, RPE were also positively related to the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and to IFN-γ/IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios. Conclusions: Little evidence was found for a consistent pattern of relationships between depressive symptoms or religiosity and stress biomarkers. Of the few significant relationships, unexpected findings predominated. Future research is needed to determine whether religious interventions can alter stress biomarkers over time in MDD.

关键词： Religiosity Depression Inflammation Immune Function Stress Hormones