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以赛促学在中小学科学教育中的实践

科教文汇 2024年第15期 176-179页

作者：王晓宇白柳杨黄淮学院计算机与人工智能学院河南驻马店463000 黄淮学院能源工程学院河南驻马店463000

我国中小学科学教育正在经历重要的改革和发展,近年来在提升学生的科学素养和创新能力、强化教师队伍的专业能力和教学质量方面取得了显著成绩。然而,由于中小学科学教育概念的独立提出时间并不久,特别是随着科学技术和教育手段的快速更... 详细信息

我国中小学科学教育正在经历重要的改革和发展,近年来在提升学生的科学素养和创新能力、强化教师队伍的专业能力和教学质量方面取得了显著成绩。然而,由于中小学科学教育概念的独立提出时间并不久,特别是随着科学技术和教育手段的快速更新,中小学科学教育有待改进方面还很多。该文结合作者指导大中小学生科技竞赛的经验与思考,提出以赛促学推动中小学科学教育教学的思路,并以指导3位小学生完成的“返璞归真——人力发电才是最值得开发的绿色能源”作品和完成过程为例,展示了以赛促学的成果。实践证明,以赛促学是中小学科学教育中一个有效的方法,可以激发学生的学习兴趣和创新精神,提高学生善于思考和勤于动手等解决复杂问题的能力,提高综合素质。最后,对中小学科学教育中以赛促学提出了一些建议,并呼吁社会各界关注和参与到家校协同育人中来作为补充,为办好我国中小学科学教育贡献力量。

关键词：以赛促学科学教育中小学科技创新协同育人

人工智能在肝癌立体定向放疗临床教学中的应用

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中国继续医学教育 2024年第10期16卷 158-164页

作者：闫伟伟刘小亮黄昂解放军总医院第五医学中心肿瘤医学部北京100039 解放军总医院第五医学中心肝病医学部北京100039

立体定向放疗(stereotactic body radiation therapy,SBRT)技术以其精准性和高效率在肝癌的治疗中发挥着日益重要的作用,而相应的临床教学内容却相对单薄,缺乏更新与完善。为了提升肝癌立体定向放疗的临床教学水平,引入了人工智能(artif... 详细信息

立体定向放疗(stereotactic body radiation therapy,SBRT)技术以其精准性和高效率在肝癌的治疗中发挥着日益重要的作用,而相应的临床教学内容却相对单薄,缺乏更新与完善。为了提升肝癌立体定向放疗的临床教学水平,引入了人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)技术。首先,AI可以辅助更精确地筛选适合SBRT治疗的肝癌患者;其次,AI可以根据历史治疗数据和最新的临床研究,提供联合治疗方案的最佳组合;此外,AI还可以通过深度学习算法完善靶区的自动勾画及优化物理计划,确保治疗效果的最大化;最后,AI能够通过分析系统数据,预测放射性肝损伤风险,为临床医生提供更为合理的治疗建议。因此,人工智能技术的引入,不仅提高了肝癌立体定向放疗的临床效果,同时也为教学内容的丰富性和前瞻性提供了强大支持,有望在促进临床教学创新的同时,改善肝癌患者的治疗结果。

关键词：肝癌人工智能深度学习立体定向放疗预后临床教学

Numerical simulation of the three-dimensional flow-path in a ram-rotor

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航空动力学报 2010年第6期25卷 1358-1365页

作者： HAN Ji-ang zHONG Jing-jun YAN Hong-ming Marine Engineering College Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

A kind of three-dimensional flow-path of the ram-rotor was designed in this paper according to the design method of the typical supersonic intake of aircraft and missiles,especially the design method of the compression ramp,the throat and the subsonic *** design Mach number of the flow-path was based on the averaged relative Mach number,regardless of the change of incoming Mach number along radial direction of the ***,the flowfield of the designed flow-path was simulated numerically with computational fluid dynamics software at design *** purpose of simulation was to obtain the details of the flowfield,including the structure of the shock wave system,position of flow separation zone,and so *** performance of the ram-rotor was also *** numerical results show the structure of the shock wave system in the flow-path is similar to that in the supersonic *** improve the overall performance of the ram-rotor,the reasonable compromise between the total pressure ratio and the isentropic adiabatic efficiency should be *** structure optimization of the flow-path and the configuration of the shock wave system have great influence on the performance of the ram-rotor.

关键词： ram-rotor flow-path supersonic intake numerical simulation design point

四种营养评价方法对腰椎退行性疾病术后并发症的预测价值比较研究

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中国全科医学 2024年第11期27卷 1349-1355页

作者：曾藜王惠惠王晓宇龚渭轶胡纯秋安徽医科大学公共卫生学院安徽省合肥市230032 中南大学湘雅医院脊柱外科湖南省长沙市410008

背景腰椎退行性疾病(LDD)术后并发症的发生与营养不良密切相关,而目前缺乏能有效、客观、全面评估LDD患者营养状态并预测术后并发症发生的营养评价方法。目的比较术前预后营养指数(PNI)、营养控制状态评分(CONUT)、那不勒斯预后评分(NPS... 详细信息

背景腰椎退行性疾病(LDD)术后并发症的发生与营养不良密切相关,而目前缺乏能有效、客观、全面评估LDD患者营养状态并预测术后并发症发生的营养评价方法。目的比较术前预后营养指数(PNI)、营养控制状态评分(CONUT)、那不勒斯预后评分(NPS)和高敏改良格拉斯哥预后评分(HS-mGPS)四种营养评价方法对LDD患者术后发生并发症的预测价值,以便制定精准营养干预方案,有效预防并发症的发生。方法选取2021年12月—2022年7月在中南大学湘雅医院脊柱外科确诊为LDD且接受开放手术的患者201例为研究对象,分别应用PNI、CONUT、NPS及HS-mGPS四种营养评价方法对患者进行术前营养状况评估,观察患者术后至出院并发症发生情况,并根据术后有无并发症发生分为并发症组和非并发症组,分析比较两组患者临床特征资料是否存在差异;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线计算不同营养评价方法的最佳截断值,比较不同评价方法的预测效能,运用MedCalc软件进行ROC曲线下面积(AUC)比较;多因素Logistic回归模型分析不同营养评价方法与术后并发症发生的相关性。结果术后发生并发症患者有60例,发生率为29.8%。临床特征资料比较发现,并发症组与非并发症组年龄、性别、术中出血量、手术节段、PNI、CONUT及NPS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(Pz=4.961,Pz=2.534,P=0.0113)、CONUT与PNI(z=3.455,P=0.0006)、HS-mGPS与NPS(z=3.349,P=0.0008)、NPS与PNI(z=2.025,P=0.0429)AUC两两比较,差异均有统计学意义;HS-mGPS与PNI(z=1.594,P=0.1109)AUC两两比较,差异无统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,CONUT(OR=2.431,95%CI=1.376~4.295,P=0.002)、手术节段(OR=11.924,95%CI=5.491~25.893,P<0.001)是LDD术后发生并发症的独立影响因素。结论用于预测LDD患者术后发生并发症的四种营养评价方法中,CONUT效能最高,可作为LDD术后并发症发生的独立预测因子。

关键词：腰椎退行性疾病营养评价方法预后营养指数营养控制状态评分那不勒斯预后评分高敏改良格拉斯哥预后评分术后并发症

光动力疗法联合CO_(2)激光治疗尖锐湿疣患者的疗效及对ang-2、HBD-2、Bcl-2和IL-8水平的影响

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中国性科学 2024年第3期33卷 149-152页

作者：赵军姚盛陶晓瑜苏州大学附属常熟医院(常熟市第一人民医院)皮肤性病科江苏苏州215500

目的探讨光动力疗法联合CO_(2)激光治疗尖锐湿疣(CA)的疗效及对促血管生成素-2(ang-2)、人β-防御素2(HBD-2)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)、白介素-8(IL-8)水平的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2022年10月苏州大学附属常熟医院收治的68例CA... 详细信息

目的探讨光动力疗法联合CO_(2)激光治疗尖锐湿疣(CA)的疗效及对促血管生成素-2(ang-2)、人β-防御素2(HBD-2)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)、白介素-8(IL-8)水平的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2022年10月苏州大学附属常熟医院收治的68例CA患者作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其分为激光组和光动力组,每组34例。激光组采用CO_(2)激光治疗,光动力组在激光组基础上联合使用5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法(ALA-PDT)治疗,比较两组临床疗效、皮损组织中人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)转阴率、治疗前后外周血水平变化,统计两组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后6个月,光动力组总复发率显著低于激光组,光动力组治疗总有效率显著高于激光组,差异具有统计学意义(Pang-2、IL-8、Bcl-2水平均显著降低(P0.05)。结论ALA-PDT联合CO_(2)激光治疗CA患者的疗效显著,可促进HPV转阴,改善患者免疫相关指标,安全性好。

关键词：尖锐湿疣 5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法 CO_(2)激光治疗临床疗效

Bacterial outer membrane vesicle-based cancer nanovaccines

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第9期19卷 1290-1300页

作者： xiaoyu Gao Qingqing Feng Jing Wang Xiao zhao CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety&CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center of Drug Evaluation National Medical Products AdministrationBeijing 100022China IGDB-NCNST Joint Research Center Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Tumor vaccines,a type of personalized tumor immunotherapy,have developed rapidly in recent *** vaccines evoke tumor antigen-specific T cells to achieve immune recognition and killing of tumor *** the immunogenicity of tumor antigens alone is insufficient,immune adjuvants and nanocarriers are often required to enhance anti-tumor immune *** present,vaccine carrier development often integrates nanocarriers and immune *** them,outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)are receiving increasing attention as a delivery platform for tumor *** are natural nanovesicles derived from Gramnegative bacteria,which have adjuvant function because they contain pathogen associated molecular ***,OMVs can be functionally modified by genetic engineering of bacteria,thus laying a foundation for applications as a delivery platform for tumor *** review summarizes 5 aspects of recent progress in,and future development of,OMV-based tumor nanovaccines:strain selection,heterogeneity,tumor antigen loading,immunogenicity and safety,and mass production of OMVs.

关键词： Cancer cancer vaccines outer membrane vesicles nanocarriers tumor antigen

Start-up of PN-anammox system under low inoculation quantity and its restoration after low-loading rate shock

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 169-179页

作者： Guoliang z.ang Liang z.ang xiaoyu Han Shujun z.ang Yongzhen Peng National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology Engineering Research Center of BeijingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Research and Development Center of Beijing Drainage Group Technology Beijing 100124China

Partial nitritation(PN)-anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)is a promising pathway for the biological treatment of ***,the destruction of the system caused by excessive accumulation of nitrate in long-term operation remains a *** this study,PNanammox was initialized with low inoculation quantity in an air-lift *** nitrogen removal rate of 0.71 kgN/(m^(3)·d)was obtained,which was far higher than the seed sludge(0.3 kgN/(m^(3)·d)).Thereafter,excess nitrate build-up was observed under low-loading conditions,and recovery strategies for the PN-anammox system were *** results suggest that increasing the nitrogen loading rate as well as the concentration of free ammonium failed to effectively suppress the nitrite oxidation bacteria(NOB)after the PN-anammox system was ***,effluent back-flow was added into the reactor to control the up-flow *** a result,an aggressive discharge of sludge that promoted the synergetic growth of functional bacteria was achieved,leading to the successful restoration of the PN-anammox *** partial nitritation and anammox activity were in balance,and an increase in nitrogen removal rate up to 1.07 kgN/(m^(3)·d)was obtained with a nitrogen removal efficiency of 82.4%after ***,the proportion of granular sludge(over 200 mm)increased from 33.67%to 82.82%.Ammonium oxidation bacteria(AOB)along with anammox bacteria were enriched in the granular sludge during the recovery period,which was crucial for the recovery and stable operation of the PN-anammox system.

关键词： PN-anammox Granular sludge Excess nitrate build-up Recovery strategy for partial nitrification Aggressive discharge of sludge

Flexible plasmonic random laser for wearable humidity sensing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第12期64卷 239-245页

作者： Junhua TONG xiaoyu SHI Yu Wang Liang HAN Tianrui zHAI College of Physics and Optoelectronics Faculty of ScienceBeijing University of Technology

Humidity sensing plays an important role in the professional field and our daily life, such as chemical preparation process, environmental monitoring, and food storage. Herein, a wearable humidity sensor is designed based on a flexible plasmonic random laser. The random laser-based humidity sensor is fabricated by transferring an ultrathin light-emitting polymer membrane doped with silver nanoparticles onto the humidity-sensitive PEDOT:PSS film. Under optical pumping, random lasing with low-threshold is achieved, assisted by the strong plasmonic feedback of the silver nanoparticles. The random laser-based humidity sensor exhibits a good linear response with a coefficient of 0.997. Comparing with the emission intensity at initial relative humidity(RH)(34.8%), the peak intensity increases 5.5 times at an RH value of 93.5%. This phenomenon mainly results from the ambient humidity-sensitive relative refractive index difference between polymer membrane and PEDOT:PSS film. The random laser-based humidity sensor is flexible and nontoxic, which can be transplanted easily to achieve wearable laser devices.

关键词： random lasers humidity sensor wearable plasmonic

Monte Carlo simulations for two-dimensional Ising system far from equilibrium

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第3期52卷 307-312页

作者： LEI XiaoWei zHENG Ji zHAO xiaoyu Department of Physics and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 China College of Applied Science and Technology Chongqing University of Art and Sciences Chongqing 402160 China

With a dynamic Monte Carlo simulation, which is free of critical slowing down, the critical behavior of two-dimensional Ising model at non-equilibrium states is investigated. We focus on the two-time autocorrelation function A(t, t' ) to identify the dynamic exponent z in two different evolution stages, quenched from a high temperature state and a completely ordered state to the critical state at TC, re-spectively. By using the heat-bath algorithm, the dynamic critical exponent is estimated as z ≈ 2.16. As a result, the universality of the scaling behavior is verified numerically, and the exponent λC is deter-mined complete by λC = β /ν for the evolutions from an initial completely ordered state.

关键词：二维Ising系统临界行为非平衡态弛豫相变蒙特卡洛模拟