Collagen fibers provide a good example of making strong micro-or mesoscale fibers from nanoscale tropocollagen molecules through a staggered and crosslinked organization in a bottom-up *** the architectural features o...
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Collagen fibers provide a good example of making strong micro-or mesoscale fibers from nanoscale tropocollagen molecules through a staggered and crosslinked organization in a bottom-up *** the architectural features of collagen fibers has been shown to be a promising approach to develop carbon nanotube(CNT)fibers of high *** the present work,an elastic model is developed to describe the load transfer and failure propagation within the bioinspired CNT bundles,and to establish the relations of the mechanical properties of the bundles with a number of geometrical and physical parameters such as the CNT aspect ratio and longitudinal gap,interface cross-link density,and the functionalizationinduced degradation in CNTs,*** the model,the stress distributions along the CNT-CNT interface as well as in every individual CNT are well captured,and the failure propagation along the interface and its effects on the mechanical properties of the CNT bundles are *** work may provide useful guidelines for the design of novel CNT fibers in practice.
Antibody therapeutics and vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have been approved in many countries,with most being developed based on the original strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(S...
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Antibody therapeutics and vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have been approved in many countries,with most being developed based on the original strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).SARS-CoV-2 has an exceptional ability to mutate under the pressure of host immunity,especially the immune-dominant spike protein of the virus,which is the target of both antibody drugs and *** the continuous evolution of the virus and the identification of critical mutation sites,the World Health Organization(WHO)has named 5 variants of concern(VOCs):4 are previously circulating VOCs,and 1 is currently circulating(Omicron).Due to multiple mutations in the spike protein,the recently emerged Omicron and descendent lineages have been shown to have the strongest ability to evade the neutralizing antibody(NAb)effects of current antibody drugs and *** development and characterization of broadly neutralizing antibodies(bNAbs)will provide broad strategies for the control of the sophisticated virus *** this review,we describe how the virus evolves to escape NAbs and the potential neutralization mechanisms that associated with *** also summarize progress in the development of bNAbs against SARS-CoV-2,human coronaviruses(CoVs)and other emerging pathogens and highlight their scientific and clinical significance.
The complete mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2(ND2) gene sequences of two species of Thermophis, T. baileyi and T. zhaoermii, were sequenced and compared to those of 86 sequences from other snakes(74 from Cae...
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The complete mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2(ND2) gene sequences of two species of Thermophis, T. baileyi and T. zhaoermii, were sequenced and compared to those of 86 sequences from other snakes(74 from Caenophidia and 12 from Henophidia). By using Bayesian inference(BI) and maximum likehood(ML) approaches, Thermophis was demonstrated as the sister group to the North American relicts of Dipsadinae, and rooted in Central and South American members of this subfamily. The results suggest that the closest relatives of Thermophis are the North American relicts, and thus support the hypothesis for an Asian-North American origin of xenodontine snakes as suggested by Vidal et al.(2000). Extensive sampling of Asian snakes and American dipsadines is needed to further test this hypothesis in the future.
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which causes coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),has posed a tremendous threat to global health,resulting in over 510 million infections and a...
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The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which causes coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),has posed a tremendous threat to global health,resulting in over 510 million infections and at least 6.23 million deaths worldwide as of early May *** efforts to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have accelerated the research and clinical development of various vaccines and neutralizing antibodies(NAbs)[1,2].However,SARS-CoV-2 has an exceptional ability to mutate and evade the human immune system,which highlights the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 evolution to anticipate and facilitate a timely response to new variants that could impact viral transmissibility and the efficacy of vaccines and antibody therapies[3].
Collagen(COL),collagen/hydroxyapatite(COL/HA),HA and biphasic calcium phosphate were prepared as representative bone grafting materials with composition analogous to bone,and their structural characteristics were *** ...
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Collagen(COL),collagen/hydroxyapatite(COL/HA),HA and biphasic calcium phosphate were prepared as representative bone grafting materials with composition analogous to bone,and their structural characteristics were *** rat bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)were further seeded onto four groups of materials,and BMSCs grown in basic medium and standard osteogenic medium were set as controls of a reference model to show the basic and osteogenic behavior of cells without the intervention of *** behaviors were characterized,including proliferation,spreading morphology and expression of osteogenesis *** rat BMSCs proliferated properly with time on four groups of materials as well on two groups of controls,and typical cuboidal,polygonal and extremely-elongated morphologies of cells were *** to the real-time polymerase chain reaction data,a higher osteogenic gene expression level was dependent upon the growing morphology but not the proliferation rate of cells,and the osteogenic differentiation capacity of cells onto four groups of materials varied in specific *** general,BMSCs exhibited the highest osteogenic capacity onto COL/HA,but the poorest onto *** growing behaviors of cells on materials were further discussed in comparison with the cases of OC and BC of the reference *** present attempt to comparatively analyze cell experimental data with a reference model is expected to be useful for revealing the difference in the osteogenic capability of MSCs onto materials or even the bioactivity of materials.
A novel asymmetrical Pi-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) with 3-interations Koch fractal curves is proposed to design a microstrip low-pass filter (LPF) with uhra-wide stop-band (SB). The proposed LPFs wit...
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A novel asymmetrical Pi-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) with 3-interations Koch fractal curves is proposed to design a microstrip low-pass filter (LPF) with uhra-wide stop-band (SB). The proposed LPFs with a single resonator and two cascaded resonators are both designed, simulated, manufactured and measured. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the designed LPF has a very sharp transition band (TB) and an ultra-wide SB performance compared with the existed similar symmetrical and asymmetrical DGS. The proposed LPF with two cascaded resonators is with a compact size of 36. 8 mm x 24.0 mm, a very low insertion loss of less than 0.7 dB under 1.9 GHz, and a wide SB from 2.2 GHz to 8 GHz with rejection of larger than 30 dB.
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