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Darwin3: a large-scale neuromorphic chip with a novel ISA and on-chip learning

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 29-45页

作者： De ma Xiaofei Jin Shichun Sun Yitao li Xundong Wu Youneng Hu Fangchao Yang Huajin Tang xiaolei zhu Peng lin Gang Pan College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Research Center for Intelligent Computing Hardware Zhejiang Lab The State Key Lab of Brain-machine Intelligence Zhejiang University MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration Zhejiang University College of Micro-Nano College of Micro-Nano Electronics Zhejiang University

Spiking neural networks(SNNs) are gaining increasing attention for their biological plausibility and potential for improved computational efficiency. To match the high spatial-temporal dynamics in SNNs,neuromorphic chips are highly desired to execute SNNs in hardware-based neuron and synapse circuits directly. This paper presents a large-scale neuromorphic chip named Darwin3 with a novel instruction set architecture, which comprises 10 primary instructions and a few extended instructions. It supports flexible neuron model programming and local learning rule designs. The Darwin3 chip architecture is designed in a mesh of computing nodes with an innovative routing algorithm. We used a compression mechanism to represent synaptic connections, significantly reducing memory usage. The Darwin3 chip supports up to2.35 million neurons, making it the largest of its kind on the neuron scale. The experimental results showed that the code density was improved by up to 28.3× in Darwin3, and that the neuron core fan-in and fan-out were improved by up to 4096× and 3072× by connection compression compared to the physical memory depth. Our Darwin3 chip also provided memory saving between 6.8× and 200.8× when mapping convolutional spiking neural networks onto the chip, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance in accuracy and latency compared to other neuromorphic chips.

关键词： neuromorphic computing spiking neural network instruction set architecture connectivity compression

Molecular Identification of a Species in Genus Nannochloropsis

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2011年第4期10卷 391-396页

作者： li Si PAN Kehou zhu Baohua ma xiaolei liANG Xin YANG Guanpin College of marine life Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003P.R.China Key Laboratory of mariculture of Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003P.R.China

Nannochloropsis is a genus of marine eukaryotic unicellular algae,which belongs to class *** spe-cies of Nannochloropsis which are fine rotifer feed and rich in eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)are economically *** in this genus are usually 2-5μm in size and are morphologically similar,which makes their identification *** obtained a monoclone of Nannochloropsis with plating method in this *** was extracted and the quality was determined by restriction enzyme digestion and spectrophotometer *** DNA extracted was used to amplify the sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA gene,ITS region of ribosomal RNA transcription unit and rbcL *** phylogenetic analysis was carried out by constructing the neighbor-joining trees with Tamura-Nei *** phylogenetic analysis showed that the monoclone is ***.

关键词： Nannochloropsis oceanica monoclone phylogenetic tree 18s ribosomal RNA gene(18S rDNA) ITS region rbcL gene

Low-Temperature Affected LC-PUFA Conversion and Associated Gene Transcript Level in Nannochloropsis oculata CS-179

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2011年第3期10卷 270-274页

作者： ma xiaolei ZHANG lin zhu Baohua PAN Kehou li Si YANG Guanpin The Key Laboratory of mariculture Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 P. R. China College of marine life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 P. R. China

Nannochloropsis oculata CS-179, a marine eukaryotic unicellular microalga, is rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Culture temperature affected cell growth and the composition of LC-PUFAs. At an initial cell density of 1.5 × 106 cell mL-1, the highest growth was observed at 25℃ and the cell density reached 3 × 107 cell mL-1 at the beginning of loga-rithmic phase. The content of LC-PUFAs varied with culture *** highest content of LC-PUFAs (43.96%) and EPA (36.6%) was gained at 20℃. Real-time PCR showed that the abundance of Δ6-desaturase gene transcripts was significantly different among 5 culture temperatures and the highest transcript level (15℃) of Nanoc-D6D took off at cycle 21.45. The gene transcript of C20-elongase gene was higher at lower temperatures (10, 15, and 20℃), and the highest transcript level (20℃) of Nanoc-E took off at cycle 21.18. The highest conversion rate (39.3%) of Δ6-desaturase was also gained at 20℃.But the conversion rate of Nanoc-E was not detected. The higher content of LC-PUFAs was a result of higher gene transcript level and higher enzyme activity. Compared with C20-elongase gene, Δ6-desaturase gene transcript and enzyme activity varied significantly with temperature. It will be useful to study the mechanism of how the content of LC-PUFAs is affected by temperature.

关键词： Nannochloropsis oculata fatty acid Δ6-desaturase C20-elongase

Transmissive 2-bit anisotropic coding metasurface

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第9期31卷 554-560页

作者： Pengtao Lai Zenglin li Wei Wang Jia Qu liangwei Wu Tingting Lv Bo Lv Zheng zhu Yuxiang li chunying Guan Huifeng ma Jinhui Shi Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education College of ScienceHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China School of Electronic Science Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing 163318China Synergetic Innovation Center of Wireless Communication Technology Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Coding metasurfaces have attracted tremendous interests due to unique capabilities of manipulating electromagnetic ***,archiving transmissive coding metasurface is still *** we propose a transmissive anisotropic coding metasurface that enables the independent control of two orthogonal *** polarization beam splitter and the orbital angular momentum(OAM)generator have been studied as typical applications of the anisotropic 2-bit coding *** simulated far field patterns illustrate that the x and y polarized electromagnetic waves are deflected into two different directions,*** anisotropic coding metasurface has been experimentally verified to realize an OAM beam with l=2 of right-handed polarized wave,resulting from both contributions from linear-to-circular polarization conversion and the phase profile *** work is beneficial to enrich the polarization manipulation field and develop transmissive coding metasurfaces.

关键词： transmissive coding metasurfaces polarization control orbital angular momentum

Influence of an ALD TiN capping layer on the PBTI characteristics of n-FinFET with ALD HfO2/TiN-capping/TiAl gate stacks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第2期63卷 248-250页

作者： Hong YANG Luwei QI Yanbo ZHANG Bo TANG Qianqian liU Hao XU Xueli ma xiaolei WANG Yongliang li Huaxiang YIN Junfeng li Huilong zhu Chao ZHAO Wenwu WANG Tianchun YE Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices & Integrated Technology Institute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of Sciences National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Microelectronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dear editor,High k/metal gate (HKMG) stacks with fully gatelast processing have become the primary solution for sub-22-nm volume manufacturing with the development of complementary oxide semiconductor(CMOS) technology [1]. In the HKMG stack, titanium nitride (TiN) is observed to play an important role as a work-function metal and an HK

关键词： red Influence of an ALD TiN capping layer on the PBTI characteristics of n-FinFET with ALD HfO2/TiN-capping/TiAl gate stacks ALD FinFET

Diffusion of Amino Acids in non-Newtonian Fluids

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2006年第4X期14卷 450-455页

作者：朱春英段志青高习群马友光余国琮 State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China

The amino acids are necessarily nutritious components, their diffusions in body fluid and blood that belong to typical non-Newtonian fluid are of virtual importance to control the diffusive process and help clinical treatment. In this article, a holographic interferometer has been adopted to measure the diffusivity of amino acids in non-Newtonian fluid with the use of real-time holographic interference technique. In order to prove the reliability of the experimental instrument, the diffusivities of sucrose aqueous solution at 298.15K were determined. The meas- ured result displays a satisfactory accuracy of the apparatus used. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficients of glynine, L-serine, L-threonine and L-valine in polyacrylamide （PAM） aqueous solution at 298.15K were measured, respec- tively. The experimental data were fitted by a newly proposed correlation equation based on li＇s predictive model. The calculating results by the present model are at considerably good agreement with experimental values, and the maximum average deviation is only 0.5%.

关键词： amino acid non-Newtonian fluid diffusion coefficient holographic interferometer real-time predic-tive model

An orally administered bacterial membrane protein nanodrug ameliorates doxorubicin cardiotoxicity through alleviating impaired intestinal barrier

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Bioactive materials 2024年第7期37卷 517-532页

作者： Zhen li Junyue Xing Xiaohan ma Wanjun Zhang Chuan Wang Yingying Wang Xinkun Qi Yanhui liu Dongdong Jian xiaolei Cheng Yanjie zhu Chao Shi Yongjun Guo Huan Zhao Wei Jiang Hao Tang National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Central China Subcenter of National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesHenan Cardiovascular Disease CenterFuwai Central-China Cardiovascular HospitalCentral China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450046China Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease management Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan451464China Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Aging Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan451464China Department of Hematology Henan Provincial People’s HospitalZhengzhouHenan450003China Department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Anesthesiology Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210008China Department of Pathology Central Hospital of Kaifeng CityKaifengHenan475000China Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology Department of Molecular PathologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450008China

The cardiotoxicity caused by Dox chemotherapy represents a significant limitation to its clinical application and is a major cause of late death in patients undergoing ***,there are no effective treatments *** analysis of 295 clinical samples from 132 chemotherapy patients and 163 individuals undergoing physical examination revealed a strong positive correlation between intestinal barrier injury and the development of cardiotoxicity in chemotherapy *** developed a novel orally available and intestinal targeting protein nanodrug by assembling membrane protein Amuc_1100(obtained from intestinal bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila),fluorinated polyetherimide,and hyaluronic *** protein nanodrug demonstrated favorable stability against hydrolysis compared with free Amuc_*** in vivo results demonstrated that the protein nanodrug can alleviate Dox-induced cardiac toxicity by improving gut microbiota,increasing the proportion of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria from the Lachnospiraceae family,and further enhancing the levels of butyrate and pentanoic acids,ultimately regulating the homeostasis repair of lymphocytes in the spleen and ***,we believe that the integrity of the intestinal barrier plays an important role in the development of chemotherapy-induced *** interventions targeting the intestinal barrier may hold promise as a general clinical treatment regimen for reducing Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.

关键词： Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity Intestinal barrier Protein delivery Oral nanodrugs Homeostasis of lymphocytes

Bubble Formation in Non-Newtonian Fluids Using Laser Image Measurement System

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2007年第4期15卷 611-615页

作者：姜韶堃范文元朱春英马友光李怀志 State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin Univer-sity Tianjin 300072 China Laboratoire des Sciences du G6nie Chimique CNRS-ENSIC-INPL 1 rue Grandville BP 451 54001 Nancy cedexFrance

A self-developed laser image measurement system was established to study the behavior of bubble for- mation at a single orifice in non-Newtonian polyacrylamide(PAAm)*** of bubbles were captured by a CCD camera and volumes of bubbles were digitally analyzed *** effects of rheological property of PAAm solution,orifice,reservoir,and gas flowrate on bubble formation were studied *** is found that the volume of bubble increases with the concentration of PAAm solution,the diameter of the orifice,and the gas flowrate,respectively,whereas little effect of reservoir is observed in experiments.

关键词： bubble formation laser non-Newtonian polyacrylamide

Advanced Process and Electron Device Technology

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2022年第3期27卷 534-558页

作者： Dan Zhang Xiaojing Su Hao Chang Hao Xu xiaolei Wang Xiaobin He Junjie li Fei Zhao Qide Yao Yanna Luo Xueli ma Hong Yang Yongliang li Zhenhua Wu Yajuan Su Tao Yang Yayi Wei Anyan Du Huilong zhu Junfeng li Huaxiang Yin Jun Luo Tianchun Ye Wenwu Wang Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

This article reviews advanced process and electron device technology of integrated circuits,including recent featuring progress and potential solutions for future *** 5 years,for pushing the performance of fin field-effect transistors(FinFET)to its limitations,several processes and device boosters are ***,the three-dimensional(3 D)integration schemes with alternative materials and device architectures will pave paths for future technology ***,it could be concluded that Moore’s law will undoubtedly continue in the next 15 years.

关键词： advanced process gate-all-around devices three-dimensional(3D)integration high-mobility channel integrated circuits