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Effect of commercial slow-release urea product on in vitro rumen fermentation and ruminal microbial community using RUSITEC technique

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1499-1512页

作者： Yongmei guo ling xiao Long Jin Sumei Yan Dongyan Niu Wenzhu Yang Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018Inner MongoliaChina Agriculture and Agri-Food of Canada Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeAB T1J 4B1Canada Hangzhou King Techina Feed Co. LtdHangzhou CityChina College of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary2500 University Dr.NWCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada

Background:The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of commercial slow-release urea(SRU)on in vitro fermentation characteristics,nutrient digestibility,gas production,microbial protein synthesis and bacterial community using a rumen simulation technique(RUSITEC).The experiment was a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications of each treatment.Treatments were:control diet(no SRU addition),control diet plus 0.28%SRU(U28),or plus 0.56%SRU(U56),and control diet that was modified substituting a part of soybean meal equivalent to 0.35%SRU(MU35;dry matter[DM]basis).The experiment consisted of 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of data and sample collection.Rumen inoculum was obtained from three ruminally fistulated Angus cows fed the same diet to the substrate incubated.Results:Digestibility of DM,organic matter(OM),crude protein(CP),fibre and starch was not affected,but daily production of gas(P<0.07)and methane(P<0.05)was quadratically increased with increasing SRU supplementation.The increase of SRU addition did not affect fermentation pH and total volatile fatty acid(VFA)production,whereas linearly(P<0.01)decreased proportion of propionate,and linearly(P<0.01)increased acetate to propionate ratio and ammonia nitrogen(N)concentration.The microbial N efficiency was also linearly(P<0.03)improved with increasing supplementation of SRU.In comparison with control diet,the dietary substitution of SRU for part of soybean meal increased(P<0.05)the digestibility of DM,OM and CP and decreased(P<0.02)the total gas production.The total VFA production and acetate to propionate ratio did not differ between control and MU35,whereas the proportion of butyrate was lower(P<0.05)and that of branched-chain VFA was greater(P<0.05)with MU35 than control diet.Total and liquid-associated microbial N production as well as ammonia N concentration were greater(P<0.03)with MU35 than control diet.Observed operational taxonomic units(OTUs),Shannon diversity index,and beta diversity of the microbial community d

关键词： Artificial rumen system Dairy cow diet Fermentation characteristics Slow-release urea

Chx10+V2a interneurons in spinal motor regulation and spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 933-939页

作者： Wen-Yuan Li ling-xiao Deng Feng-guo Zhai xiao-Yu Wang Zhi-Gang Li Ying Wang Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering Mudanjiang College of MedicineMudanjiangHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Pharmacy Mudanjiang College of MedicineMudanjiangHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery Hongqi HospitalMudanjiang College of MedicineMudanjiangHeilongjiang ProvinceChina

Chx10-expressing V2 a(Chx10+V2 a) spinal interneurons play a large role in the excitatory drive of motoneurons. Chemogenetic ablation studies have demonstrated the essential nature of Chx10+V2 a interneurons in the regulation of locomotor initiation, maintenance, alternation, speed, and rhythmicity. The role of Chx10+V2 a interneurons in locomotion and autonomic nervous system regulation is thought to be robust, but their precise role in spinal motor regulation and spinal cord injury have not been fully explored. The present paper reviews the origin, characteristics, and functional roles of Chx10+V2 a interneurons with an emphasis on their involvement in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury. The diverse functional properties of these cells have only been substantiated by and are due in large part to their integration in a variety of diverse spinal circuits. Chx10+V2 a interneurons play an integral role in conferring locomotion, which integrates various corticospinal, mechanosensory, and interneuron pathways. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that Chx10+V2 a interneurons also play an important role in rhythmic patterning maintenance, leftright alternation of central pattern generation, and locomotor pattern generation in higher order mammals, likely conferring complex locomotion. Consequently, the latest research has focused on postinjury transplantation and noninvasive stimulation of Chx10+V2 a interneurons as a therapeutic strategy, particularly in spinal cord injury. Finally, we review the latest preclinical study advances in laboratory derivation and stimulation/transplantation of these cells as a strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury. The evidence supports that the Chx10+V2 a interneurons act as a new therapeutic target for spinal cord injury. Future optimization strategies should focus on the viability, maturity, and functional integration of Chx10+V2 a interneurons transplanted in spinal cord injury foci.

关键词： axons central nervous system central pattern generator Chx10 differentiation interneurons locomotion motor neurons propriospinal spinal cord injuries therapy transcription factor transplantation V2a neuron

A midgut-specific lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase of Locusta migratoria is indispensable for the deconstruction of the peritrophic matrix

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1287-1298页

作者： Ming-Bo Qu xiao-Xi guo Lin Kong ling-Jie Hou Qing Yang School of Bioengineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalianLiaoning ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases(LPMOs)are important enzymes that boost the hydrolysis of recalcitrant polysaccharides,such as chitin.They are found extensively in different insect species and are classified as auxiliary activities family 15(AA15)LPMOs(LPMO15).Some of them were identified from the insect midgut and proven to act on chitin.However,knowledge about their physiological roles during insect growth and development remains limited.Here,we found that midgut-specific LPMO15s are widely distributed in different insect orders,such as the orthopteran Locusta migratoria and the lepidopteran Bombyx mori.Using L.migratoria as a model insect,the function of midgut-specific LmLPMO15-3 during development was investigated.Double-stranded RNA-mediated downregulation of LmLPMO15-3 expression at the 4th or 5th instar nymph stage severely decreased the survival rate and resulted in lethal phenotypes.Hematoxylin and eosin staining results indicated that the deficient individuals exhibited incompletely digested peritrophic matrix(PM),which suggested that LmLPMO15-3 is essential for the deconstruction of the PM during molting.This study provides direct evidence of the physiological importance of a midgut-specific LPMO15 during insect development.As L.migratoria is one of the most destructive agricultural pests,LmLPMO15-3 is a potential target for pest management.

关键词： chitin Locusta migratoria lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase midgut peritrophic matrix RNAi

Understanding oxygen vacant hollow structure CeO_(2)@In_(2)O_(3) heterojunction to promote CO_(2) reduction

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Rare Metals 2023年第6期42卷 1888-1898页

作者： Qi-Jun Xu Jing-Wen Jiang xiao-Feng Wang ling-Yan Duan Hong guo School of Materials and Energy Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials and TechnologyYunnan UniversityKunming650091China

In order to reduce the impact of greenhouse gases,we have studied a new and efficient photocatalyst to reduce CO_(2).We recombined the hollow CeO_(2) with the In_(2)O_(3) and introduced the oxygen vacancy to obtain the CeO_(2)@In_(2)O_(3) for the hollow structure of the oxygen vacancy.The test results show that CeO_(2)@In_(2)O_(3) with oxygen vacancy hollow structure(hereinafter collectively referred to as H-CeO_(2),H-In_(2)O_(3),and H-CeO_(2-x)@In_(2)O_(3-x))have higher photocatalytic reduction activity of CO_(2) than hollow CeO_(2) and hollow In_(2)O_(3).When the illumination time was 4 h,the yields of carbon dioxide reduction to CO and methane were 38.7 and 7.8 μmol·g^(-1),respectively.Consequently,we explained the photocatalytic reduction mechanism,and carried out the X-ray diffraction(XRD)and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS) analysis of H-CeO_(2),H-In_(2)O_(3),and H-CeO_(2-x)@In_(2)O_(3-x).This study summarizes some experience for the study of oxygen vacancy hollow structure photocatalyst,and provides some new ideas in the field of photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2).

关键词： H-CeO_(2-x)@ln_(2)O_(3-x) Oxygen vacancy Hollow structure Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction

Synthesis,Style Editing,and Animation of 3D Cartoon Face

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第2期29卷 506-516页

作者： Ming guo Feng Xu Shunfei Wang Zhibo Wang Ming Lu Xiufen Cui xiao ling School of Software and BNRist Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Multimedia and Smart Guangdong OPPO Mobile Telecommunications Corp.Ltd.Dongguan 523860China Intel Labs IntelBeijing 100089China

As a popular kind of stylized face,cartoon faces have rich application scenarios.It is challenging to create personalized 3D cartoon faces directly from 2D real photos.Besides,in order to adapt to more application scenarios,automatic style editing,and animation of cartoon faces is also a crucial problem that is urgently needed to be solved in the industry,but has not yet had a perfect solution.To solve this problem,we first propose“3D face cartoonizer”,which can generate high-quality 3D cartoon faces with texture when fed into 2D facial images.We contribute the first 3D cartoon face hybrid dataset and a new training strategy which first pretrains our network with low-quality triplets in a reconstruction-then-generation manner,and then finetunes it with high-quality triplets in an adversarial manner to fully leverage the hybrid dataset.Besides,we implement style editing for 3D cartoon faces based on k-means,which can be easily achieved without retrain the neural network.In addition,we propose a new cartoon faces'blendshape generation method,and based on this,realize the expression animation of 3D cartoon faces,enabling more practical applications.Our dataset and code will be released for future research.

关键词： cartoon 3D face animation computer graphics

Recycling Bayer and sintering red muds in brick production:a review

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2022年第5期23卷 335-357页

作者： Yu-jia xiao Michelle TIONG Kim Hung MO Ming-zhi guo Tung-chai ling College of Civil Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

Red mud(RM)is a solid waste generated from the extraction of alumina from bauxite.It is estimated that more than1.5 billion tonnes of RM are produced annually worldwide.Stockpiling and landfilling of RM is toxic for the environment due to the presence of high quantities of alkali-generating minerals and metal ions.The high cost of RM treatment and limited land availability encourage the recycling and reuse of RM as construction materials.In many developing countries,brick remains the ubiquitous building material.Thus,it is reasonable to use brick as a medium to accommodate a large amount of RM.In this review,the properties of RM are analyzed and their applications in bricks are discussed.Two common types of RM,namely Bayer red mud(BRM)and sintering red mud(SRM),are introduced along with the methods to produce bricks from them through firing,cementing,and geopolymerization.High alkaline-based BRM is particularly useful as a raw material to produce fired brick and geopolymer brick,whereas SRM,which contains more dicalcium silicate(C_(2)S)and some cementitious phases,can be favorably used to produce cementing brick.RM geopolymer brick normally has more strength(up to 51 MPa)than fired and cementing bricks,and good durability(no efflorescence)with low energy consumption and CO_(2)emissions.Finally,several solutions have been suggested to resolve the issue of the radioactivity of RM brick,and strict regulation of its application has been imposed in some countries,such as China.

关键词： Bauxite residue Red mud(RM) Firing brick Cementing brick Geopolymer brick Construction materials

Effectiveness and safety of Pingxiao capsule(平消胶囊)as adjuvant therapy in treatment of breast cancer:a systematic review and Meta-analysis

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中医杂志:英文版 2023年第5期43卷 851-859页

作者： YANG Yuqing CHEN Yuhuan LI Chunxiao ling xiao WANG Panpan guo Jing ZHANG Yingying Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046China Department of Pharmacy the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese MedicineHenan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical ApplicationEvaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese MedicineHenan Provincial Key Laboratory for Clinical Pharmacy of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou 450000China

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of Pingxiao capsule(平消胶囊)adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer.METHODS:A total of 8 databases including the Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,Engineering Index,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,Wanfang database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,and China Science and Technology Journal Database were searched for the Randomized Controlled Trials(RCTs)of Pingxiao capsule combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer published before June 2022.Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data,and evaluated the risk of bias.R language was used for estimating risks of bias of included studies,data analysis,and plotting.RESULTS:A total of 15 RCTs involving 1272 patients were included in this study.Meta-analysis results indicated that compared with chemotherapy alone,Pingxiao capsule combined with chemotherapy could significantly improve breast cancer patients'objective response rate of breast cancer patients[rate ratio(RR)=1.35,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.12,1.63),P=0.0017],the disease control rate[RR=1.16,95%CI(1.08,1.25),Pxiao capsule combined with chemotherapy can also significantly reduce CD8+level(Pxiao capsule can significantly improve the efficacy of chemotherapy,the quality of life and immune function of patients,and reduce the clinical side effects caused by chemotherapy.However,highquality randomized clinical trials with large samples are required for further verification of these results.

关键词： breast neoplasms Meta-analysis randomized controlled trial Pingxiao capsule

Impact of the PV Location in Distribution Networks on Network Power Losses and Voltage Fluctuations with PSO Analysis

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第2期8卷 523-534页

作者： Puyu Wang Fangyu Liang Jinyuan Song Ningqiang Jiang xiao-Ping Zhang ling guo Xinxin Gu School of Automation Nanjing University of Science&Technology(NUST)Nanjing 210094JiangsuChina School of Engineering University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Nanjing GWDR Relays Technologies Co. Nanjing 210032JiangsuChina

Increased grid integration of photovoltaic(PV)has aggravated the uncertainty of distribution network operations.For a distribution network with PV,the impact of the PV location on the network power losses and voltage fluctuations is investigated with analytical derivations reflected by the line impedance.Optimization approaches of the PV location with consideration of two aspects,i.e.,minimum network power losses and minimum voltage fluctuations,are analyzed.A particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is used to synthesize an optimal compromised solution so as to determine the PV location.A 10 kV distribution network with one PV is established on the time-domain simulation environment PSCAD/EMTDC.The simulation results justify the theoretical analysis and indicate that when the active power of the PV is more/less than twice that of the overall loads/end loads,the network power losses and node voltage fluctuations are both minimum when the PV is integrated into the head/tail end of the network.When the active power of the PV is between the above two conditions,nodes t/f can be identified for the integration of the PV between the head/end nodes of the network to achieve the minimum network power losses/voltage fluctuations,respectively.The effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach is verified and can provide a reference for selecting the PV location in the distribution network.

关键词： Distribution network network power losses particle swarm optimization(PSO) PV location voltage fluctuations

Apolipoprotein E2 inhibits mitochondrial apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through ERK1/2/CREB/BCL-2 signaling

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第2期22卷 179-189页

作者： Hui Wang Hui-Chao Zhou Run-ling Ren Shao-Xia Du Zhong-Kui guo xiao-Hong Shen Tianjin Institute of Medical&Pharmaceutical Sciences Tianjin 300020China School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Background: Apolipoprotein E2(ApoE2) is a pleiotropic protein that influences several aspects of cancer metabolism and development. Evading apoptosis is a vital factor for facilitating cancer cell growth. However, the role and mechanism of ApoE2 in regulating cell apoptosis of pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Methods: In this study, we firstly detected the m RNA and protein expressions of ApoE2 in PANC-1 and Capan-2 cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We then performed TUNEL and flow cytometric analyses to explore the role of recombinant human ApoE2, p CMV6-ApoE2 and si ApoE2 in the apoptosis of PANC-1 and Capan-2 cells. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanism through which ApoE2 affected apoptosis in PANC-1 cells using immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation analysis. Results: ApoE2 phosphorylated ERK1/2 and inhibited pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis. In addition, our data showed that ApoE2/ERK1/2 altered the expression and mitochondrial localization of BCL-2 via activating CREB. ApoE2/ERK1/2/CREB also increased the total BCL-2/BAX ratio, inhibited the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and the depolarization of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, blocked the leakage of cytochrome-c and the formation of the apoptosome, and consequently, suppressed mitochondrial apoptosis. Conclusions: ApoE2 regulates the mitochondrial localization and expression of BCL-2 through the activation of the ERK1/2/CREB signaling cascade to evade the mitochondrial apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. ApoE2 may be a distinct prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Apolipoprotein E2 ERK1/2 Mitochondrial apoptosis Pancreatic cancer