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Effects of organic mulching on soil aggregate stability and aggregate binding agents in an urban forest in Beijing, China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 1083-1094页

作者： Wei Zhou xiangyang sun Suyan Li Tiantian Du Yi Zheng Zhihui Fan College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083People’s Republic of China

Urban forest soil is often disturbed by rapid urbanization. Organic mulching is effective for improving soil quality and aggregate stability. This study evaluated how soil binding agents changed aggregate stability through organic mulching in urban forest soils. Three treatments were applied in Jiufeng National Forest Park, Beijing: (1) no organic mulch (control);(2) wood chips alone (5 cm thickness);and, (3) wood chips + wood compost (This mulch was divided into two layers, the upper layer of wood chips (2.5 cm), the lower layer wood compost (2.5 cm)). Soil samples were collected from the surface 10- cm soil layer and fraction into four aggregates. Glomalin-related soil protein and soil organic carbon were measured in bulk soil and the four aggregates. The results show that wood chips + wood compost increased the proportion of large and small macroaggregates, mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter. The total and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein were higher in the wood chips + wood compost. However, soil organic carbon was lower in the wood chips alone application compared to the controls and wood chips + wood compost. Easily extractable / total glomalin-related soil protein and glomalin-related soil protein / soil organic carbon ratios of wood chips alone and wood chips + wood compost had increased trend compared to the controls but did not reach significant levels (p > 0.05). Mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter correlated positively with total and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein but were not positively correlated with soil organic carbon, the ratios of easily extractable and total glomalin-related soil protein, and the ratios of glomalin-related soil protein and soil organic carbon. Redundancy analysis revealed that total glomalin-related soil protein was the most important driver for soil aggregate stability, especially the total glomalin-related soil protein of small macroaggregates. The results suggest tha

关键词： Organic mulching Soil aggregate stability Soil binding agents Glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP) Soil organic carbon(SOC)

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Estimates of net primary productivity and actual evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau from the Community Land Model version 4.5 with four atmospheric forcing datasets

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第4期17卷 70-89页

作者： Shan Lin Kewei Huang xiangyang sun Chunlin Song Juying sun Shouqin sun Genxu Wang Zhaoyong Hu State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Hubei Key Laboratory of Basin Water Security Changjiang SurveyPlanningDesign and Research Co.Ltd.Wuhan 430010China Research Unit Forest Dynamics Swiss Federal Research Institute for ForestSnow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorf 8903Switzerland

The accuracy of the simulation of carbon and water processes largely relies on the selection of atmospheric forcing datasets when driving land surface models(LSM).Particularly in high-altitude regions,choosing appropriate atmospheric forcing datasets can effectively reduce uncertainties in the LSM ***,this study conducted four offline LSM simulations over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)using the Community Land Model version 4.5(CLM4.5)driven by four state-of-the-art atmospheric forcing *** performances of CRUNCEP(CLM4.5 model default)and three other reanalysis-based atmospheric forcing datasets(***,GSWP3 and WFDEI)in simulating the net primary productivity(NPP)and actual evapotranspiration(ET)were evaluated based on in situ and gridded reference *** with in situ observations,simulated results exhibited determination coefficients(R2)ranging from 0.58 to 0.84 and 0.59 to 0.87 for observed NPP and ET,respectively,among which GSWP3 and ITPCAS showed superior *** the plateau level,CRUNCEP-based simulations displayed the largest bias compared with the reference NPP and ***3-based simulations demonstrated the best performance when comprehensively considering both the magnitudes and change trends of TP-averaged NPP and *** simulated ET increase over the TP during 1982-2010 based on ITPCAS was significantly greater than in the other three simulations and reference ET,suggesting that ITPCAS may not be appropriate for studying long-term ET changes over the *** results suggest that GSWP3 is recommended for driving CLM4.5 in conducting long-term carbon and water processes simulations over the *** study contributes to enhancing the accuracy of LSM in water-carbon simulations over alpine regions.

关键词： land surface model carbon cycle water cycle high altitude Community Land Model version 4.5

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Sugarcane bagasse amendment improves the quality of green waste vermicompost and the growth of Eisenia fetida

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第4期14卷 65-75页

作者： Linlin Cai xiangyang sun Dan Hao Suyan Li Xiaoqiang Gong Hao Ding Kefei Yu College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Vermicomposting is a feasible method for disposing of lignocellulosic waste while generating a useful *** current study assessed the potential of vermicomposting green waste mixed with sugarcane bagasse in proportions of 25%,50%,and 75%(v:v,based on dry weight).The suitability was evaluated based on the agrochemical properties,earthworm biomass,and *** final vermicomposts exhibited near-neutral pH values(7.1-7.6),and lower EC values(0.43-0.72 mS/cm)and C:N ratios(14.1-19.9).The content of available nutrients and CEC for all the vermicomposts exceeded those of the control compost(without earthworms).For vermicomposts,the average values of NO3-N,AP,AK,and CEC were 53,517,1362 mg/kg,and 158 cmol/kg,*** total contents of heavy metals increased in all vermicompost treatments compared to control composts with the following average final percentages:Zn(2.0%),Cr(15.5%),Pb(23.4%),and Cu(44.3%),but these amounts were safe for application in *** addition of sugarcane bagasse to green waste significantly increased the content of total humic substance,humic acid and urease activity,acid and alkaline phosphatase activity,and Eisenia fetida *** addition of 25%sugarcane bagasse to green waste decreased the toxicity to germinating *** results revealed that vermicomposting is a feasible way to degrade green waste into a value-added chemical product.

关键词： Green waste Earthworms Sugarcane bagasse Vermicomposting Nutrient recovery

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Cattle manure biochar and earthworm interactively affected CO_(2)and N_(2)O emissions in agricultural and forest soils:Observation of a distinct difference

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第3期16卷 147-159页

作者： Xiaoqiang Gong Jinbiao Li Scott X.Chang Qian Wu Zhengfeng An Chengpeng Huang xiangyang sun Suyan Li Hui Wang Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2E3Canada College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of AgricultureCollege of GrasslandResources and EnvironmentInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010011China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin’an 311300China

The application of manure-derived biochar offers an alternative to avoid the direct application of manure to soil causing greenhouse gas *** fauna,especially earthworms,can markedly stimulate carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions from *** study therefore investigated the effect of cattle manure biochar(added at rates of 0,2%,or 10%,coded as BC0,BC2 and BC10,respectively)application,with or without earthworm Aporrectodea turgida,on emissions of CO_(2) and N_(2)O and changes of physic-chemical properties of agricultural and forest soils in a laboratory incubation *** BC10 treatment significantly enhanced cumulative CO_(2) emissions by 27.9%relative to the untreated control in the agricultural *** the contrary,the BC2 and BC10 treatments significantly reduced cumulative CO_(2) emissions by 16.3%–61.1%and N_(2)O emissions by 92.9%–95.1%compared to the untreated control in the forest *** addition of earthworm alone significantly enhanced the cumulative CO_(2) and N_(2)O fluxes in agricultural and forest *** CO_(2) and N_(2)O fluxes were significantly increased when BC2 and BC10 were applied with earthworm in the agricultural soil,but were significantly reduced when BC10 was applied with earthworm in the forest *** study demonstrated that biochar application interacted with earthworm to affect CO_(2) and N_(2)O emissions,which were also dependent on the soil type *** study suggests that manure biochar application rate and use of earthworm need to be carefully studied for specific soil types to maximize the climate change mitigation potential of such management practices.

关键词： Carbon sequestration Forest soil Cattle manure biochar Greenhouse gas emissions Soil fauna

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Research of Web Real-Time Communication Based on Web Socket

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2012年第12期5卷 797-801页

作者： Qigang Liu xiangyang sun Sydney Institute of Language & Commerce ShangHai University ShangHai China

Regarding the limitations of traditional web real-time communication solutions such as polling, long-polling, flash plug-in, propose that using new coming Web Socket technology in the web real-time communication field, introduce the features of Web Socket technology, analysis the difference between Web Socket protocol and HTTP protocol, offer an approach to implement the Web Socket both in client and server side, prove Web Socket can decrease network traffic and latency greatly by an experiment, made the prospect of future application of Web Socket in web real-time communication.

关键词： Web Socket Full-Duplex HTTP Streaming Long-Polling Latency

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青藏高原冻土区高寒草甸能量分配及蒸散发影响因子

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Zhaoyong Hu Genxu Wang xiangyang sun Kewei Huang Chunlin Song Yang Li Shouqin sun Juying sun Shan Lin State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Hubei Key Laboratory of Basin Water Security Changjiang SurveyPlanningDesign and Research Co.Ltd.Wuhan 430010China

高寒草甸的能量分配和蒸散发对青藏高原多年冻土区水循环至关重要。然而,能量分配、蒸散发及其驱动因素的季节变化(冻融循环)仍需要明确。因此,本研究在位于青藏高原风火山流域的高寒草甸进行了为期4年的能量通量(包括潜热和感热)观测,... 详细信息

高寒草甸的能量分配和蒸散发对青藏高原多年冻土区水循环至关重要。然而,能量分配、蒸散发及其驱动因素的季节变化(冻融循环)仍需要明确。因此,本研究在位于青藏高原风火山流域的高寒草甸进行了为期4年的能量通量(包括潜热和感热)观测,并估算了大气边界参数(包括表面导度,解耦系数和Priestley-Taylor系数)。研究结果表明,研究区日均潜热(27.45±23.89 W/m^(2))和显热(32.51±16.72W/m^(2))分别占可利用能量的31.71%和50.14%。在降雨期,更多可利用能量被分配到潜热;而在冻结期,67.54±28.44%的可利用能量分配给显热。显热在降雨期间是潜热的一半,而由于冻结期较低的土壤水分含量及植被盖度,显热在冻结期间是潜热的7倍。研究区年均蒸散发为347.34±8.39 mm/year,接近年均降水量。较低的日均解耦系数(0.45±0.23)和Priestley-Taylor系数(0.60±0.29)表明高寒草甸的蒸散发受水分供应限制。然而,在降雨期由于降水充足,蒸散发受到可利用能量的限制。在过渡期,蒸散发和降水之间存在较大差异,表明在该季节上游冰川和雪的融水通过侧向流动补给到土壤中。本研究的结果表明,在未来模拟多年冻土区水和能量通量时应考虑大气边界参数的季节变化。

关键词：潜热通量显热通量冻融循环大气边界参数高寒草甸

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光纤耦合技术的星图模拟技术研究

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红外与激光工程 2014年第11期43卷 3592-3596页

作者：段洁孙向阳安志勇长春理工大学光电工程学院吉林长春130022 长春大学电子信息工程学院吉林长春130022

针对深空导航敏感器的地面标定对多星等、高星等的技术要求，提出一种基于光纤耦合技术的星图模拟新方法，创新性的运用了OLED面光源和光纤耦合机构配合高精密靶标的技术来模拟星图。结合所设计星图模拟器指标，重点对光纤面光源耦合和O... 详细信息

针对深空导航敏感器的地面标定对多星等、高星等的技术要求，提出一种基于光纤耦合技术的星图模拟新方法，创新性的运用了OLED面光源和光纤耦合机构配合高精密靶标的技术来模拟星图。结合所设计星图模拟器指标，重点对光纤面光源耦合和OLED面光源亮度双调制技术进行了深入研究，分析了光纤面光源的耦合技术的关键条件，为实现较高的光耦合效率，选择数值孔径为0.6的大芯径聚合物光纤（POF）与自聚焦透镜组成耦合机构，设计结果表明聚光斑≈100μm，纤芯轴向光能量利用率大于80%；所研究的面光源双调制技术在星等模拟中的设计结果说明：该技术可解决单一的电气灰度调制或空间灰度调制无法实现5~10等星精确模拟的的技术难题。

关键词：星图模拟器光耦合光纤星等

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鲁迅的“人力车夫情结”——兼谈《一件小事》的创作动机

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鲁迅研究月刊 2024年第9期 31-38页

作者：孙向阳铜仁学院文学与传媒学院、区域文学与文化研究中心 554300

鲁迅对人力车夫的复杂情感不仅与其少年经历和北京生活体验有关,也是“劳工神圣”思想的影响使然。这种情感可以称作“人力车夫情结”。受此影响,鲁迅在《一件小事》中没有继续“呐喊”,批判国民的劣根性,而是把目光投向了内心、历史和... 详细信息

鲁迅对人力车夫的复杂情感不仅与其少年经历和北京生活体验有关,也是“劳工神圣”思想的影响使然。这种情感可以称作“人力车夫情结”。受此影响,鲁迅在《一件小事》中没有继续“呐喊”,批判国民的劣根性,而是把目光投向了内心、历史和未来。鲁迅的“人力车夫情结”是五四时期知识分子与人力车夫之间关系的一种典型又特殊的呈现,既体现出对这一新型的城市基层劳动群体的悲悯情怀,也承载了对思想启蒙和社会变革的“立人”理想。

关键词：北京鲁迅人力车夫情结《一件小事》创作动机 “立人”思想

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森林土壤和大气间的温室效应气体交换

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世界林业研究 1999年第2期12卷 37-43页

作者：孙向阳北京林业大学森林资源与环境学院北京100083

森林土壤是大气温室气体重要的源和汇，主要的温室效应气体CO2、CH4及N2O都直接或间接与这个系统有关。温室气体在大气和土壤间的交换受多种因素的影响。

关键词：森林土壤温室气体全球变暖温室效应

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“于一家频盗及一时而盗数家”的古代立法及其现代启示

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河南财经政法大学学报 2013年第6期28卷 176-182页

作者：孙向阳中南财经政法大学法学院湖北武汉430074

唐律在"窃盗"条的疏文中规定"其有于一家频盗及一时而盗数家者,并累而倍论",古代自此始有"于一家频盗"和"一时而盗数家"这种犯罪形态和计赃规则的专门立法,元律和明清律对此予以变更,并在计赃上"以一主为重"。相比之下,唐律"累而倍论"... 详细信息

唐律在"窃盗"条的疏文中规定"其有于一家频盗及一时而盗数家者,并累而倍论",古代自此始有"于一家频盗"和"一时而盗数家"这种犯罪形态和计赃规则的专门立法,元律和明清律对此予以变更,并在计赃上"以一主为重"。相比之下,唐律"累而倍论"的计赃规则公平合理。这种形态无论是古代还是现代,都是客观存在的社会现实,古代窃盗立法的"于一家频盗"和"一时而盗数家"形态的提出以及立法处置,对我们研究现代相关犯罪同样情形的形态认定和法律适用具有启发意义。

关键词：频盗盗数家立法现代启示

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