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Lodging resistance and yield potential of winter wheat:effect of planting density and genotype

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015年第2期2卷 168-178页

作者： Yonggui xiaO Jianjun LIU Haosheng LI Xinyou CAO xianchun xia Zhonghu HE Institute of Crop Science National Wheat Improvement CenterChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China Crop Research Institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan 250100China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)China Office c/o CAASBeijing 100081China

Improved lodging resistance is important for achieving high yield in irrigated *** study was conducted to determine genotypic variation in lodging resistance and related morphological traits among winter wheat cultivars planted at two densities,and to identify key traits associated with lodging *** performance of 28 genotypes,including 24 released cultivars and four advanced lines,was evaluated at 250 plants per square meter and 500 plants per square meter in Shandong province during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 crop *** the higher density,the average grain yield was 2.6%higher,even though lodging score rose by as much as 136%.The higher planting density increased lodging through increased leaf area index(LAI),plant height,center of gravity and length of basal internodes,and reduced grain weight per spike and diameter of the lower two stem ***,center of gravity and diameter of first internodes,as the important indicators for lodging resistance,were significantly correlated with lodging score,with R=0.62,0.59 and–0.52(P<0.01),*** pushing resistance was significantly associated with diameter and length of the first internodes(R=0.71–0.77,P<0.01),indicating it could be used to assess the strength of the lower *** planting density could be used to select genotypes with lodging resistance in irrigated *** carrying high plant density tolerance and high yield potential,such as Jimai 22 and Liangxing 66,were recommended as leading cultivars for production as well as elite crossing parents for further increasing yield potential in the Yellow and Huai Valleys Winter Wheat Zone in China.

关键词： common wheat yield potential lodging performance pushing resistance leaf area index

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Dissecting conserved cis-regulatory modules of Glu-1 promoters which confer the highly active endosperm-specific expression via stable wheat transformation

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The Crop Journal 2019年第1期7卷 8-18页

作者： Jihu Li Ke Wang Genying Li Yulian Li Yong Zhang Zhiyong Liu Xingguo Ye xianchun xia Zhonghu He Shuanghe Cao National Wheat Improvement Center Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Crop Research Institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office c/o CAAS

Wheat high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) determine dough elasticity and play an essential role in processing quality. HMW-GS are encoded by Glu-1 genes and controlled primarily at transcriptional level, implemented through the interactions between cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors. However, transcriptional mechanism of Glu-1 genes remains elusive. Here we made a comprehensive analysis of cis-regulatory elements within 1-kb upstream of the Glu-1 start codon(-1000 to-1) and identified 30 conserved motifs. Based on motif distribution pattern, three conserved cis-regulatory modules(CCRMs), CCRM1(-300 to-101), CCRM2(-650 to-400), and CCRM3(-950 to-750), were defined, and their functions were characterized in wheat stable transgenic lines transformed with progressive 5′ deletion promoter::GUS fusion constructs. GUS staining, qP CR and enzyme activity assays indicated that CCRM2 and CCRM3 could enhance the expression level of Glu-1, whereas the 300-bp promoter(-300 to-1), spanning CCRM1 and core region(-100 to-1), was enough to ensure accurate Glu-1 initiation at 7 days after flowering(DAF) and shape its spatiotemporal expression pattern during seed development. Further transgenic assays demonstrated that CCRM1-2(-300 to-209) containing Complete HMW Enhancer(-246 to-209) was important for expression level but had no effect on expression specificity in the endosperm. In contrast, CCRM1-1(-208 to-101) was critical for both expression specificity and level of Glu-1. Our findings not only provide new insights to uncover Glu-1 transcription regulatory machinery but also lay foundations for modifying Glu-1 expression.

关键词： Conserved cis-regulatory modules Glu-1 Transcriptional regulation Transgenic wheat Triticum aestivum

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QTL mapping for pre-harvest sprouting in a recombinant inbred line population of elite wheat varieties Zhongmai 578 and Jimai 22

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The Crop Journal 2023年第3期11卷 863-869页

作者： Rabiu Sani Shawai Dan Liu Lingli Li Tiantian Chen Ming Li Shuanghe Cao xianchun xia Jindong Liu Zhonghu He Yong Zhang Institute of Crop Sciences National Wheat Improvement CenterChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural TechnologyKano University of Science and Technology WudilKano 713281Nigeria International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) China Officec/o CAASBeijing 100081China

Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)is one of the serious global issues in wheat *** of quantitative trait loci(QTL)and closely-linked markers is greatly helpful for wheat *** the present study,a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from the cross of Zhongmai 578(ZM578)/Jimai 22(JM22)and parents were phenotyped in five environments and genotyped by the wheat 50 K single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)*** QTL of germination index(GI),***-3A and ***-5A,were detected,explaining 4.33%–5.58%and 4.43%–8.02%of the phenotypic variances,*** resistant effect of ***-3A was contributed by JM22,whereas that of ***.5A was from *** two QTL did not correspond to any previously identified genes or genetic loci for PHSrelated traits according to their locations in the Chinese Spring reference genome,indicating that they are likely to be new loci for PHS *** kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers K_AX-109605367and K_AX-179559687 flanking ***-3A,and K_AX-111258240 and K_AX-109402944flanking ***-5A,were developed and validated in a natural population of 100 wheat *** distribution frequency of resistance alleles at ***-3A and ***-5A loci were 82.7%and57.1%,respectively,in the natural *** findings provide new QTL and tightly linked KASP markers for improvement of PHS resistance in wheat.

关键词： Pre-harvest sprouting Germination index Quantitative trait loci KASP marker Triticum aestivum L.

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Genetic variation of carotenoids in Chinese bread wheat cultivars and the effect of the 1BL.1RS translocation

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016年第2期3卷 124-130页

作者： Wenshuang LI Shengnan ZHAI Hui JIN Weie WEN Jindong LIU xianchun xia Zhonghu HE Institute of Crop Science/National Wheat Improvement Center Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS) College of Agronomy Xinjiang Agricultural University International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) China Office c/o CAAS

Carotenoid content of wheat is an important criterion for prediction of the commercial and nutritional value of products made from bread wheat(Triticum aestivum) *** objective of this study was to determine the major components of carotenoids in Chinese wheat using ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) including lutein,zeaxanthin,α-carotene andβ-*** carotenoid content was investigated in217 cultivars from three major Chinese wheat regions and from seven other countries grown in two *** contributed to the majority of variation in carotenoid ***,zeaxanthin and β-carotene concentrations varied from 18.3 to 100.1,4.9 to 12.0 and0.9 to 48.7 μg per 100 g in wheat flour with an average of40.2,7.2 and 18.2 μg per 100 g,***(61.3%) was the main carotenoid component,followed byβ-carotene(27.7%) and zeaxanthin(11.0%).No α-carotene was *** carotenoids,lutein,zeaxanthin andβ-carotene were all higher in cultivars with the 1BL.1RS translocation compared to those without the *** is the first report on assay of lutein,zeaxanthin andβ-carotene concentrations for a large number of wheat *** data will be useful for genetic improvement of wheat carotenoid content and for understanding of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat.

关键词： Triticum aestivum carotenoids nutritional quality UPLC

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Identification of QTL for adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat landrace Pingyuan 50

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The Crop Journal 2014年第5期2卷 308-314页

作者： Muhammad Azeem Asad Bin Bai Caixia Lan Jun Yan xianchun xia Yong Zhang Zhonghu He Institute of Crop Science National Wheat Improvement Center/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Wheat Research Institute Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office c/o CAAS

Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the major wheat diseases worldwide. The Chinese wheat landrace Pingyuan 50 has shown adult-plant resistance(APR)to powdery mildew in the field for over 60 years. To dissect the genetic basis of APR to powdery mildew in this cultivar, a mapping population of 137 double haploid(DH) lines derived from Pingyuan 50/Mingxian 169 was evaluated in replicated field trials for two years in Beijing(2009–2010 and 2010–2011) and one year in Anyang(2009–2010). A total of 540 polymorphic SSR markers were genotyped on the entire population for construction of a linkage map and QTL analysis. Three QTL were mapped on chromosomes 2BS(***-2BS.2), 3BS(***-3BS),and 5AL(***-5AL) with the resistance alleles contributed by Pingyuan 50 explaining 5.3%,10.2%, and 9.1% of the phenotypic variances, respectively, and one QTL on chromosome 3BL(***-3BL) derived from Mingxian 169 accounting for 18.1% of the phenotypic ***-3BS, ***-3BL, and ***-5AL appear to be new powdery mildew APR ***-2BS.2 and ***-5AL are possibly pleiotropic or closely linked resistance loci to stripe rust resistance QTL. Pingyuan 50 could be a potential genetic resource to facilitate breeding for improved APR to both powdery mildew and stripe rust.

关键词： Triticum aestivum L Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici Disease resistance Quantitative trait loci

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Identification and validation of stable quantitative trait loci for yield component traits in wheat

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The Crop Journal 2023年第2期11卷 558-563页

作者： Lingli Li Yingjie Bian Yan Dong Jie Song Dan Liu Jianqi Zeng Fengju Wang Yong Zhang Zhonghu He xianchun xia Yan Zhang Shuanghe Cao Institute of Crop Sciences National Wheat Improvement CenterChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)China Office Beijing 100081China

Grain weight and grain number are important yield component traits in wheat and identification of underlying genetic loci is helpful for improving ***,we identified eight stable quantitative trait loci(QTL)for yield component traits,including five loci for thousand grain weight(TGW)and three for grain number per spike(GNS)in a recombinant inbred line population derived from cross Yangxiaomai/Zhongyou 9507 across four *** grain size is a major determinant of grain weight,we also mapped QTL for grain length(GL)and grain width(GW).***-2D,***-3B,***-5A and ***-7A.2 for TGW co-located with those for grain ***-2D also had a consistent genetic position with ***-2D,suggesting that the pleiotropic locus is a modulator of trade-off effect between TGW and *** and linkage mapping showed that TaGL3-5A and WAPO-A1 were candidate genes of ***-5A and ***-7A.2,*** developed Kompetitive allele specific PCR(KASP)markers linked with the stable QTL for yield component traits and validated their genetic effects in a diverse panel of wheat cultivars from the Huang-Huai River Valley ***-based genotyping analysis further revealed that the superior alleles of all stable QTL for TGW but not GNS were subject to positive selection,indicating that yield improvement in the region largely depends on increased *** analyses with previous studies showed that most of the QTL could be detected in different genetic backgrounds,and ***-7A.1 is likely a new *** findings provide not only valuable genetic information for yield improvement but also useful tools for marker-assisted selection.

关键词： Grain number per spike KASP marker QTL mapping Thousand grain weight Triticum aestivum

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国内外153份小麦种质条锈病抗性鉴定与评价

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中国农业科学 2024年第1期57卷 18-33页

作者：周警卫叶博伟张朋飞张宇庆郝敏尹毓若袁婵李志康李顺达夏先春何中虎张宏军兰彩霞华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/湖北洪山实验室湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家小麦改良中心

【目的】条锈病是威胁小麦安全生产的重要真菌病害，了解国内外育种材料抗性水平和抗病基因的分布，发掘新的抗性资源，为提高抗病基因利用效率提供依据。【方法】利用中国当前条锈菌优势生理小种CYR33和CYR34对153份国内外小麦育种材... 详细信息

【目的】条锈病是威胁小麦安全生产的重要真菌病害，了解国内外育种材料抗性水平和抗病基因的分布，发掘新的抗性资源，为提高抗病基因利用效率提供依据。【方法】利用中国当前条锈菌优势生理小种CYR33和CYR34对153份国内外小麦育种材料进行苗期抗性鉴定，于2018—2019、2019—2020和2020—2021年，在湖北鄂州，利用这两个小种对供试材料进行成株期抗性鉴定；结合已知抗性基因Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr29和YrSP等功能标记或紧密连锁分子标记进行基因型检测。【结果】苗期结果显示，10份材料对CYR33表现免疫（反应型IT为0），包括7份国内材料（即山农28、漯麦163、石麦13、中意6号、郯麦98-2、中麦175和泰山21）和3份国际玉米小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）材料（CIM-53、CIM-60和CIM-71）；仅2份国内材料在苗期对CYR34小种表现免疫（郯麦98-1和山农102）。此外，成株期条锈病田间鉴定显示，64份材料在田间3年均表现出稳定抗性（最终严重度≤5%），包括7份国内材料和57份CIMMYT材料。利用抗病基因功能标记或紧密连锁分子标记检测显示，153份材料中携带Yr9、Yr10、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr29和YrSP抗性基因的材料分别有31、23、73、2、4、50和2份，未检测到含有Yr5和Yr15的材料。综合苗期和成株期表型，仅CIM-53对2个生理小种在苗期和成株期均表现为免疫（IT=0，严重度为0），分子标记检测显示，该材料可能含有已知抗病基因Yr17和Yr29。【结论】国内外153份小麦种质对当前条锈菌流行生理小种的抗性主要以成株抗性为主，其中国内小麦品种主要携带Yr9、Yr10和Yr26抗性基因，而CIMMYT小麦品系则携带Yr17、Yr18和Yr29为主，表明通过聚合1—2个非免疫苗期抗性基因和2—3个成株抗性基因，在成株期多个环境条件下均表现出近免疫抗性水平，是CIMMYT小麦品系保持持久抗性的主要原因。亟待广泛挖掘抗源，发掘新的抗病基因，充分利用现代生物技术手段快速培育具有持久抗性且农艺性状优良的小麦新品种，进一步提高中国麦区条锈病整体抗性水平。

关键词：小麦条锈病苗期抗性成株抗性抗病基因分子标记抗病性鉴定

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In silico curation of QTL-rich clusters and candidate gene identification for plant height of bread wheat

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作物学报:英文版 2023年第5期11卷 1480-1490页

作者： Dengan Xu Chenfei Jia Xinru Lyu Tingzhi Yang Huimin Qin Yalin Wang Qianlin Hao Wenxing Liu Xuehuan Dai Jianbin Zeng Hongsheng Zhang xianchun xia Zhonghu He Shuanghe Cao Wujun Ma College of Agronomy Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109ShandongChina National Wheat Improvement Center Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Many genetic loci for wheat plant height(PH) have been reported, and 26 dwarfing genes have been catalogued. To identify major and stable genetic loci for PH, here we thoroughly summarized these functionally or genetic verified dwarfing loci from QTL linkage analysis and genome-wide association study published from 2003 to 2022. A total of 332 QTL, 270 GWAS loci and 83 genes for PH were integrated onto chromosomes according to their locations in the IWGSC RefSeq v2.1 and 65 QTL-rich clusters(QRC) were defined. Candidate genes in each QRC were predicted based on IWGSC Annotation v2.1 and the information on functional validation of homologous genes in other species. A total of 38 candidate genes were predicted for 65 QRC including three GA2ox genes in QRC-4B-IV, QRC-5A-VIII and QRC-6A-II(Rht24) as well as GA 20-oxidase 2(TaSD1-3A) in QRC-3A-IV. These outcomes lay concrete foundations for mapbased cloning of wheat dwarfing genes and application in breeding.

关键词： QTL-rich clusters Plant height Semi-dwarfism Reduced height genes Candidate genes

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