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Reaction characteristics and kinetics of gallium in chlorination roasting of copper tailings using calcium chloride

Rare Metals 2022年第3期41卷 1063-1070页

作者： Chang Lei Tao Chen Bo Yan xian-ming xiao State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100082China

The mineral composition of copper tailings was examined, and the phase analysis of gallium was conducted for recovery of the rare scattered metal gallium from copper tailings. The reaction characteristics and kinetics of gallium in the chlorination roasting of copper tailings were investigated in a tube furnace apparatus under different conditions, including roasting temperature, quantity of chlorination agent,roasting time, and airflow. Calcium chloride was chosen for the chlorination reaction because it is highly effective for volatilization of metals. The results show that gallium mainly exists in limonites in the form of oxides, and increases in roasting temperature, quantity of chlorination agent, and roasting time are conducive to increasing the chloridizing volatilization rate of gallium. The tailings gradually melt when the roasting temperature exceeds 900℃, resulting in a decrease in the chloridizing volatilization rate of gallium. The chloridizing volatilization rate of gallium reaches 78.86%at roasting temperature of 900℃ for 40 min, airflow of 0.1 m^(3)·h^(-1), and calcium content of 33.33 wt%. Study of the reaction kinetics of gallium in chlorination roasting shows that the values of activation energy both for chemically controlled anddiffusion-controlled reactionsare44.64and11.93 kJ·mol^(-1), respectively. This indicates that the chemical reaction serves an important function in the chlorination volatilization of gallium. Taken together, the results reveal the usefulness of tailings as a source of rare metals and provide a basis for gallium recovery and environmentally friendly disposal of copper tailings.

关键词： Copper tailings Gallium recovery Chlorination roasting Calcium chloride Kinetics

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Gas storage in shale pore system:A review of the mechanism,control and assessment

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 2605-2636页

作者： Yue Feng xian-ming xiao En-Ze Wang Ping Gao Chen-Gang Lu Gang Li School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

In the past 15 years,the shale gas revolution and large-scale commercial developments in the United States have driven the exploration and development of shale plays *** many factors affecting shale gas exploration potential,the gas-bearing properties of shale(quantity,storage state,composition)and their controlling factors are the essential research attracting wide attention in the academic *** paper reviews the research progress on the retention mechanism,influencing factors,and evaluation methods for resource potential of the shale gas system,and proposes further research *** is the main mechanism of gas retention in organic-rich shales;the gas is mainly stored in nanopores of shale in free and sorption *** presence of water and nonhydrocarbon gases in pores can complicate the process and mechanism of methane(CH4)sorption,and the related theoretical models still need further *** in-situ gas content and gasbearing properties of shale are governed by the geological properties(organic matter abundance,kerogen type,thermal maturity,mineral composition,diagenesis),the properties of fluids in pores(water,CH_(4),non-hydrocarbon gases),and geological conditions(temperature,pressure,preservation conditions)of the shale *** a particular basin or block,it is still challenging to define the main controlling factors,screen favorable exploration areas,and locate sweet *** to marine shales with extensive research and exploration data,lacustrine and marine-continental transitional shales are a further expanding area of *** methods have been developed to quantitatively characterize the in-situ gas content of shales,but all these methods have their own limitations,and more in-depth studies are needed to accurately evaluate and predict the in-situ gas content of shales,especially shales at deep depth.

关键词： Shale gas Retention mechanism Multi-component adsorption Influencing factors Evaluation method

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Main controlling factor and mechanism of gas-in-place content of the Lower Cambrian shale from different sedimentary facies in the western Hubei area, South China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1488-1507页

作者： Gang Li xian-ming xiao Bo-Wei Cheng Chen-Gang Lu Yue Feng Dong-Sheng Li School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083 China

The Lower Cambrian shale gas in the western Hubei area,South China has a great resource prospect,but the gas-in-place(GIP)content in different sedimentary facies varies widely,and the relevant mechanism has been not well *** the present study,two sets of the Lower Cambrian shale samples from the Wells YD4 and YD5 in the western Hubei area,representing the deep-water shelf facies and shallowwater platform facies,respectively,were investigated on the differences of pore types,pore structure and methane adsorption capacity between them,and the main controlling factor and mechanism of their methane adsorption capacities and GIP contents were *** results show that the organic matter(OM)pores in the YD4 shale samples are dominant,while the inorganic mineral(IM)pores in the YD5 shale samples are primary,with underdeveloped OM *** pore specific surface area(SSA)and pore volume(PV)of the YD4 shale samples are mainly from micropores and mesopores,respectively,while those of the YD5 shale samples are mainly from micropores and macropores,*** methane adsorption capacity of the YD4 shale samples is significantly higher than that of the YD5 shale samples,with a maximum absolute adsorption capacity of 3.13 cm^(3)/g and 1.31 cm^(3)/g in average,*** with the shallow-water platform shale,the deep-water shelf shale has a higher TOC content,a better kerogen type and more developed OM pores,which is the main mechanism for its higher adsorption *** GIP content models based on two samples with a similar TOC content selected respectively from the Wells YD4 and YD5 further indicate that the GIP content of the deep-water shelf shale is mainly 34 m^(3)/t within a depth range of 1000—4000 m,with shale gas exploration and development potential,while the shallow-water platform shale has normally a GIP content of<1 m^(3)/t,with little shale gas *** the geological and geochemical conditions of shale gas formation a

关键词： Lower Cambrian shale Deep-water shelf facies Shallow-waterplat form facies Pore structure Methane adsorption Gas-in-place content Controlling factor

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Investigations of methane adsorption characteristics on marine-continental transitional shales and gas storage capacity models considering pore evolution

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2273-2286页

作者： Chen-Gang Lu xian-ming xiao Zhen-Qian Xue Zhang-Xin Chen Yin-Tao Dong Yue Feng Gang Li School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Avenue639798Singapore Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada Eastern Institute of Technology(tentative) Ningbo315000ZhejiangChina CNOOC Research Institute Beijing100028China

Methane adsorption is a critical assessment of the gas storage capacity(GSC)of shales with geological *** the related research of marine shales has been well-illustrated,the methane adsorption of marine-continental transitional(MCT)shales is still *** this study,a method of combining experimental data with analytical models was used to investigate the methane adsorption characteristics and GSC of MCT shales collected from the Qinshui Basin,*** Ono-Kondo model was used to fit the adsorption data to obtain the adsorption ***,the geological model of GSC based on pore evolution was constructed using a representative shale sample with a total organic carbon(TOC)content of 1.71%,and the effects of reservoir pressure coefficient and water saturation on GSC were *** experimental results,compared to the composition of the MCT shale,the pore structure dominates the methane adsorption,and meanwhile,the maturity mainly governs the pore ***,maturity in the middle-eastern region of the Qinshui Basin shows a strong positive correlation with burial *** two parameters,micropore pore volume and non-micropore surface area,induce a good fit for the adsorption capacity data of the *** simulation results,the depth,pressure coefficient,and water saturation of the shale all affect the *** demonstrates a promising shale gas potential of the MCT shale in a deeper block,especially with low water ***,the economic feasibility of shale gas could be a major consideration for the shale with a depth of60%in the Yushe-Wuxiang *** study provides a valuable reference for the reservoir evaluation and favorable block search of MCT shale gas.

关键词： High-pressure methane adsorption Marine-continental transitional shale gas Ono-Kondo model Adsorption thermodynamics Gas storage capacity model

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Main controlling factors and enrichment area evaluation of shale gas of the Lower Paleozoic marine strata in south China

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Petroleum Science 2015年第4期12卷 573-586页

作者： xian-ming xiao Qiang Wei Hai-Feng Gai Teng-Fei Li Mao-Lin Wang Lei Pan Ji Chen Hui Tian State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Lower Paleozoic shale in south China has a very high maturity and experienced strong tectonic defor- mation. This character is quite different from the North America shale and has inhibited the shale gas evaluation and exploration in this area. The present paper reports a com- prehensive investigation of maturity, reservoir properties, fluid pressure, gas content, preservation conditions, and other relevant aspects of the Lower Paleozoic shale from the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas. It is found that within the main maturity range （2.5 % 〈 EqRo 〈 3.5 %） of the shale, its porosity develops well, having a positive cor- relation with the TOC content, and its gas content is con- trolled mainly by the preservation conditions related to the tectonic deformation, but shale with a super high maturity （EqRo 〉 3.5 %） is considered a high risk for shale gas exploration. Taking the southern area of the Sichuan Basin and the southeastern area of Chongqing as examples of uplifted/folded and faulted/folded areas, respectively, geo- logical models of shale gas content and loss were proposed. For the uplifted/folded area with a simple tectonic defor- mation, the shale system （with a depth 〉 2000 m） has lar- gely retained overpressure during uplifting without a great loss of gas, and an industrial shale gas potential is generally possible. However, for the faulted/folded area with a strong tectonic deformation, the sealing condition of the shale system was usually destroyed to a certain degree with a great loss of free gas, which decreased the pressure coefficient and resulted in a low production capacity. It is predicted that the deeply buried shale （〉3000 m） has a greater gas potential and will become the focus for further exploration and development in most of the south China region （outside the Sichuan Basin）.

关键词： Lower Paleozoic shale gas Maturity Maincontrolling factors Tectonic deformation

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Stir-Fried Semen Armeniacae Amarum Suppresses Aristolochic AcidⅠ-Induced Nephrotoxicity and DNA Adducts

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2025年第2期31卷 142-152页

作者： LI Cheng-xian xiao xiao-he LI Xin-yu xiao Da-ke WANG Yin-kang WANG xian-ling ZHANG Ping LI Yu-rong NIU ming BAI Zhao-fang School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing(100102)China Department of Hepatology Military Institute of Chinese Materiathe Fifth Medical CentreGeneral Hospital of PLABeijing(100039)China National Key Laboratory of Kidney Beijing(100039)China School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu(610075)China School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Capital Medical UniversityBeijing(100069)China School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou(510515)China Department of Pharmacy Medical Supplies Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing(100039)China Department of Military Patient Management the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing(100039)China Department of Hematology the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing(100071)China

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of stir-fried Semen Armeniacae Amarum(SAA)against aristolochic acidⅠ(AAⅠ)-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA adducts and elucidate the underlying mechanism involved for ensuring the safe use of Asari Radix et ***:In vitro,HEK293T cells overexpressing Flag-tagged multidrug resistance-associated protein 3(MRP3)were constructed by Lentiviral transduction,and inhibitory effect of top 10 common pairs of medicinal herbs with Asari Radix et Rhizoma in clinic on MRP3 activity was verified using a self-constructed fluorescence screening *** m RNA,protein expressions,and enzyme activity levels of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NQO1)and cytochrome P4501A2(CYP1A2)were measured in differentiated Hepa RG *** toxicity after inhibition of AAⅠmetabolite transport was detected using cell counting kit-8 *** vivo,C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups according to a random number table,including:control(1%sodium bicarbonate),AAⅠ(10 mg/kg),stir-fried SAA(1.75 g/kg)and AAⅠ+stir-fried SAA(1.75 and 8.75 g/kg)groups,6 mice in each *** 7 days of continuous gavage administration,liver and kidney damages were assessed,and the protein expressions and enzyme activity of liver metabolic enzymes NQO1 and CYP1A2 were determined ***:In vivo,combination of 1.75 g/kg SAA and 10 mg/kg AAⅠsuppressed AAⅠ-induced nephrotoxicity and reduced d A-ALI formation by 26.7%,and these detoxification effects in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.01).Mechanistically,SAA inhibited MRP3 transport in vitro,downregulated NQO1 expression in vivo,increased CYP1A2 expression and enzymatic activity in vitro and in vivo,respectively(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Notably,SAA also reduced AAⅠ-induced hepatotoxicity throughout the detoxification process,as indicated by a 41.3%reduction in the number of liver adducts(P<0.01).Conclusions:Stirfried SAA is a novel drug candidate for the suppression of AAⅠ-induced liver and kidney dam

关键词： aristolochic acidⅠ stir-fried Semen Armeniacae Amarum detoxification principles of compatibility metabolic enzymes transporters

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GPIO-Based Continuous Sliding Mode Control for Networked Control Systems Under Communication Delays With Experiments on Servo Motors

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 99-113页

作者： Kamal Rsetam Zhenwei Cao Zhihong Man xian-ming Zhang the School of Software and Electrical Engineering Swinburne University of Technology the Department of Automated Manufacturing Al Khwarizmi College of Engineering University of Baghdad IEEE

To handle input and output time delays that commonly exist in many networked control systems(NCSs), a new robust continuous sliding mode control(CSMC) scheme is proposed for the output tracking in uncertain single input-single-output(SISO) networked control systems. This scheme consists of three consecutive steps. First, although the network-induced delay in those systems can be effectively handled by using Pade approximation(PA), the unmatched disturbance cames out as another difficulty in the control design. Second, to actively estimate this unmatched disturbance, a generalized proportional integral observer(GPIO) technique is utilized based on only one measured state. Third, by constructing a new sliding manifold with the aid of the estimated unmatched disturbance and states, a GPIO-based CSMC is synthesized, which is employed to cope with not only matched and unmatched disturbances, but also networkinduced delays. The stability of the entire closed-loop system under the proposed GPIO-based CSMC is detailedly *** promising tracking efficiency and feasibility of the proposed control methodology are verified through simulations and experiments on Quanser's servo module for motion control under various test conditions.

关键词： Continuous sliding mode control (CSMC) generalized proportional integral observer (GPIO) networked control systems (NCSs) pade approximation (PA) time-delay unsmatched disturbances

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基于小波变换的多分辨聚类目标识别方法

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通信学报 1999年第S1期20卷 83-89页

作者：鲜明庄钊文肖顺平郭桂蓉国防科大四系ATR重点实验室长沙410073

雷达目标的散射回波信号因敏感其姿态角变化,不易直接用于目标识别。为此,本文采取先对回波信号进行小波变换处理,再对变换结果进行矢量量化处理形成多分辨码书,以提取反映模式样本分布主要分量信息的典型样本矢量,最后在此基础构造上... 详细信息

雷达目标的散射回波信号因敏感其姿态角变化,不易直接用于目标识别。为此,本文采取先对回波信号进行小波变换处理,再对变换结果进行矢量量化处理形成多分辨码书,以提取反映模式样本分布主要分量信息的典型样本矢量,最后在此基础构造上多分辨聚类模式分类器的方法进行目标识别,从而较好地克服了上述不利影响。实验仿真结果表明本文方法确实是行之有效的。

关键词：雷达目标识别矢量量化多分辨聚类

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一种基于小波分析的多分辨运动补偿视频编码器的设计

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计算机工程与应用 2004年第31期40卷 110-113,142页

作者：张义荣鲜明肖顺平王国玉国防科技大学电子科学与工程学院长沙410073

为了在甚低比特率下实现对数字视频的有效压缩和编码,提出了一种混合的多分辨运动补偿零树视频编码方案。在该编码方案中,运动矢量的获取采用了可变块大小的多分辨运动估计算法,运动估算在小波域中进行。编码器的核心部分是同基于内容... 详细信息

为了在甚低比特率下实现对数字视频的有效压缩和编码,提出了一种混合的多分辨运动补偿零树视频编码方案。在该编码方案中,运动矢量的获取采用了可变块大小的多分辨运动估计算法,运动估算在小波域中进行。编码器的核心部分是同基于内容的自适应量化方法相结合的预测误差帧的小波零树编码,它产生了一种具有嵌入特征的比特流,从而为精确的速率控制和基于内容的位流调节提供了可能。基于上述编码方案的实验表明:在甚低比特率下,所提出的编码方案在峰值信噪比和恢复视频的主观质量方面都具有较好的性能。

关键词：小波变换视频压缩甚低比特率多分辨运动估计嵌入式零树小波编码

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The miR172a–SNB module orchestrates both induced and adult-plant resistance to multiple diseases via MYB30-mediated lignin accumulation in rice

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Molecular Plant 2025年第1期18卷 59-75页

作者： He Wang Zhe-Xu Wang Hong-Yuan Tian Yu-Long Zeng Hao Xue Wan-Ting Mao Lu-Yue Zhang Jun-Ni Chen xiang Lu Yong Zhu Guo-Bang Li Zhi-Xue Zhao Ji-Wei Zhang Yan-Yan Huang Jing Fan Pei-Zhou Xu xiao-Qiong Chen Wei-Tao Li xian-Jun Wu Wen-ming Wang Yan Li State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Rice Research Institute and Key Lab for Major Crop Diseases Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina

Plants mount induced resistance and adult-plant resistance against different pathogens throughout the whole growth *** production faces threats from multiple major diseases,including rice blast,sheath blight,and bacterial leaf ***,we report that the miR172a–SNB–MYB30 module regulates both induced and adult-plant resistance to these three major diseases via lignification in ***,pathogen infections induce the expression of miR172a,which downregulates the transcription factor SNB to release its suppression of MYB30,leading to an increase in lignin biosynthesis and disease resistance throughout the whole growth ***,expression levels of miR172a and MYB30 gradually increase and are consistently correlated with lignin contents and disease resistance during rice development,reaching a peak at full maturity,whereas SNB RNA levels are negatively correlated with lignin contents and disease resistance,indicating the involvement of the miR172a–SNB–MYB30 module in adult-plant *** functional domain of SNB protein and its binding sites in the MYB30 promoter are highly conserved among more than 4000 rice accessions,while abnormal expression of miR172a,SNB,or MYB30 compromises yield traits,suggesting artificial selection of the miR172a–SNB–MYB30 module during rice *** together,these results reveal a novel role for a conserved miRNA-regulated module that contributes significantly to induced and adult-plant resistance against multiple pathogens by increasing lignin accumulation,deepening our understanding of broad-spectrum resistance and adult-plant resistance.

关键词： miR172a SNB MYB30 lignin induced resistance adult-plant resistance

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