Based on a full vector-diffraction theory, a detailed theoretical study is carried out, aiming at providing a clear insight into the effects of different focusing and off-axis parabola parameters on far-field vector-d...
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Based on a full vector-diffraction theory, a detailed theoretical study is carried out, aiming at providing a clear insight into the effects of different focusing and off-axis parabola parameters on far-field vector-diffraction properties of an offaxis parabolic mirror in the presence of misalignments of the incoming beam. The physical origin of these effects is also explored. The results show that the far-field intensity profile is altered by the distortion-, coma-, and astigmatism-like aberrations, which are caused by oblique incidence rather than inherent aberrations for the off-axis configuration. The radius of 90% encircled energy also increases but does not change monotonically with incident beam size increasing, or rather,it first decreases and then increases. The focal shift strongly depends on the effective focal length and oblique incidence angle, but it is almost independent of the beam size, which affects the focusing spot patterns. The intensity distribution produces a higher astigmatic image with off-axis angle increasing. Coma-like aberration starts to become dominant with beam size increasing and results in larger curved propagation trajectory. The incident polarization also affects the intensity distribution. The variation in the Strehl ratio with oblique incidence angle strongly depends on the misalignment direction and beam size as well. In addition, we find that the difference in locus between the catacaustic and the diffraction focus in the meridian is small. But the locus of the sagittal foci is obviously different from the locus of the meridian foci and the catacaustic focus. Moreover, the peak intensity of the sagittal focus is maximum, and the ratio of the peak intensity to that in the meridian plane is approximately 1.5. Understanding these effects is valuable for assessing a practical focused intensity and describing the motion of charged particles under a strong electric field in ultraintense laser–matter interaction.
Ni-mSA-mCS bipolar membrane （BM） was prepared by sodium alginate （SA） and chitosan （CS）, which were modified by Ca^2＋ and glutaraldehyde as linking reagents, respectively, mSA-mCS membrane was characterized by ...
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Ni-mSA-mCS bipolar membrane （BM） was prepared by sodium alginate （SA） and chitosan （CS）, which were modified by Ca^2＋ and glutaraldehyde as linking reagents, respectively, mSA-mCS membrane was characterized by FTIR, SEM, TG and used as a separator in the electrolysis cell to produce thioglycolic acid （TGA）. The experiment results show that TGAwas prepared effectively by electro-reduction of dithiodiglycolic acid （DTDGA） with the mixture of TGA and DTDGA in the cathodic chamber. The current efficiency was up to 66.7% at the room temperature （25 ℃） during the current density of 10 mA/cm^2. Compared with the traditional metal reduction method, the electro-reduction technology saves the zinc powder and eliminates the pollution to environment.
The present study demonstrates that the down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α(PPARα)results in chronic low ambient temperature(LT)exposure-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling,emphasi...
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The present study demonstrates that the down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α(PPARα)results in chronic low ambient temperature(LT)exposure-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling,emphasizing the therapeutic potential of PPARαactivation strategies(e.g.,fenofibrate treatment)in LT-associated cardiac injury.
In this paper, the physics informed neural network(PINN) deep learning method is applied to solve two-dimensional nonlocal equations, including the partial reverse space y-nonlocal Mel'nikov equation, the partial reve...
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In this paper, the physics informed neural network(PINN) deep learning method is applied to solve two-dimensional nonlocal equations, including the partial reverse space y-nonlocal Mel'nikov equation, the partial reverse space-time nonlocal Mel'nikov equation and the nonlocal twodimensional nonlinear Schr?dinger(NLS) equation. By the PINN method, we successfully derive a data-driven two soliton solution, lump solution and rogue wave solution. Numerical simulation results indicate that the error range between the data-driven solution and the exact solution is relatively small, which verifies the effectiveness of the PINN deep learning method for solving high dimensional nonlocal equations. Moreover, the parameter discovery of the partial reverse space-time nonlocal Mel'nikov equation is analysed in terms of its soliton solution for the first time.
A graph G is a fractional(k,m)-deleted graph if removing any m edges from G,the resulting subgraph still admits a fractional *** k≥2 and m≥1 be ***[2m/k]^(*)=[2m/k]if 2m/k is not an integer,and[2m/k]^(*)=[2m/k]-1 if...
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A graph G is a fractional(k,m)-deleted graph if removing any m edges from G,the resulting subgraph still admits a fractional *** k≥2 and m≥1 be ***[2m/k]^(*)=[2m/k]if 2m/k is not an integer,and[2m/k]^(*)=[2m/k]-1 if 2m/k is an *** this paper,we prove that G is a fractional(k,m)-deleted graph if δ(G)≥k+m and isolated toughness meets I(G)>{3-1/m,if k=2 and m≥3,k+[2m/k]^(*)m+1-[2m/k]^(*);***,we show that the isolated toughness bound is tight.
Intuitively,the solvation structure featuring stronger interacted sheath in deep eutectic solution（DES）electrolyte would result in sluggish interfacial charge transfer and intense polarization,which obstructs its pr...
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Intuitively,the solvation structure featuring stronger interacted sheath in deep eutectic solution（DES）electrolyte would result in sluggish interfacial charge transfer and intense polarization,which obstructs its practical application in emerging Zn based ***,here we discover a Zn‖organic battery with exceptional kinetics properties enabled by a hydrated DES electrolyte,which can render higher discharge capacity,smaller voltage polarization,and faster kinetics of charge transfer in comparison with conventional aqueous 3 M ZnCl2electrolyte,though its viscosity is two orders of magnitude higher than the *** improved kinetics of charge transfer and ion diffusion is demonstrated to originate from the local electron structure regulation of cathode in hydrated DES ***,the DES electrolyte has also been shown to restrict parasitic reaction associated with active water by preferential urea-molecular adsorption on Zn surface and stronger water trapping in solvation structure,giving rise to long-term stable dendrite-free Zn plating/*** work provides a new rationale for understanding electrochemical behaviors of organic cathodes in DES electrolyte,which is conducive to the development of high-performance Zn‖organic batteries.
This paper delves into the problem of optimal placement conditions for a group of agents collaboratively localizing a target using range-only or bearing-only measurements. The challenge in this study stems from the un...
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This paper delves into the problem of optimal placement conditions for a group of agents collaboratively localizing a target using range-only or bearing-only measurements. The challenge in this study stems from the uncertainty associated with the positions of the agents, which may experience drift or disturbances during the target localization process. Initially, we derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the target position as the primary analytical metric. Subsequently, we establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimal placement of agents. Based on these conditions, we analyze the maximal allowable agent position error for an expected mean squared error (MSE), providing valuable guidance for the selection of agent positioning sensors. The analytical findings are further validated through simulation experiments.
Lithium argyrodites with high ionic conductivity and low cost are considered as one of the most prospective solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium ***,the poor chemical stability and compatibility with lithium...
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Lithium argyrodites with high ionic conductivity and low cost are considered as one of the most prospective solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium ***,the poor chemical stability and compatibility with lithium metal limit their ***,Li_(5.4)PS_(4.4)Cl1.4I0.2solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity of 11.49 m S ccm^(-1)and improved chemical stability is synthesized by iodine *** ultra-thin Li_(5.4)PS_(4.4)Cl_(1.4)I_(0.2)membrane with thickness of 10μm can be obtained by wet coating process,exhibiting a high ionic conductivity of 2.09 mS ccm^(-1)and low areal resistance of 1.17Ωcm^(-2).Moreover,iodine doping could in-situ form LiI at the lithium/electrolyte interface and improve the critical current density of Li_(5.4)PS_(4.4)Cl_(1.6)from 0.8 to 1.35 mA cm^(-2).The resultant LiCoO_(2)/Li_(5.4)PS_(4.4)Cl_(1.4)I_(0.2)/Li battery shows excellent cycling stability at 1 C,with a reversible specific capacity of 110.1 mA h g^(-1)and a retention of 80.5% after 1000 *** addition,the assembled LiCoO_(2)/Li_(5.4)PS_(4.4)Cl_(1.4)I_(0.2)membrane/Li pouch cell delivers an initial discharge capacity of 110.4 mA h g^(-1)and 80.5% capacity retention after 100 cycles.
The Zn-Al spinel oxide stands out as one of the most active catalysts for high-temperature methanol synthesis from CO_(2)***,the structure–activity relationship of the reaction remains poorly understood due to challe...
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The Zn-Al spinel oxide stands out as one of the most active catalysts for high-temperature methanol synthesis from CO_(2)***,the structure–activity relationship of the reaction remains poorly understood due to challenges in atomic-level structural characterizations and analysis of reaction *** this study,we prepared two Zn-Al spinel oxide catalysts via coprecipitation(ZnAl-C)and hydrothermal(ZnAl-H)methods,and conducted a comparative investigation in the CO_(2)hydrogenation ***,under similar conditions,ZnAl-C exhibited significantly higher selectivity towards methanol and DME compared to *** characterizations using X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)unveiled that ZnAl-C catalyst had abundant ZnO species on its surface,and the interaction between the ZnO species and its ZnAl spinel oxide matrix led to the formation of oxygen vacancies,which are crucial for CO_(2)adsorption and ***,state-of-the-art solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)techniques,including ex-situ and in-situ NMR analyses,confirmed that the surface ZnO facilitates the formation of unique highly reactive interfacial formate species,which was readily hydrogenated to methanol and *** insights elucidate the promotion effects of ZnO on the ZnAl spinel oxide in regulating active sites and reactive intermediates for CO_(2)-to-methanol hydrogenation reaction,which is further evidenced by the significant enhancement in methanol and DME selectivity observed upon loading ZnO onto the ZnAl-H *** molecular-level mechanism understandings reinforce the idea of optimizing the ZnO-ZnAl interface through tailored synthesis methods to achieve activity-selectivity balance.
Previous studies have revealed that typhoons can affect the ionosphere. This paper uses GNSS observations provided by GNSS tracking stations of Taiwan region, ERA5 gravity wave dissipation products,and Himawari-8 band...
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Previous studies have revealed that typhoons can affect the ionosphere. This paper uses GNSS observations provided by GNSS tracking stations of Taiwan region, ERA5 gravity wave dissipation products,and Himawari-8 band 07 brightness temperature observation data to analyze the impact of Typhoon Meranti on Taiwan region's ionosphere from September 13 to 15, 2016. In addition to the daily effects of traveling ionospheric disturbances(TIDs), TIDs of various intensities caused by Meranti-induced gravity waves were observed during this period, which is inseparable from the state of the typhoon and the topographic features during its progress. The ionospheric disturbance caused by the edge of a typhoon is usually larger than that at the typhoon eye. When the typhoon approached Taiwan region with high intensity on September 14, it was observed that the gravity waves caused by the typhoon had a wavelength of about 174-293 km, a period of 13.5-23.5 min, and a propagation speed of 142-302 m/s. When the vortex structure of a typhoon interacts with complex surfaces such as mountains, it is easier to excite more medium-scale gravity waves. The origin that excites gravity waves and causes ionospheric anomalies is different from the location of the typhoon eye and changes over time. The gravity waves caused by the typhoon lasted for three days in the central mountains of Taiwan region. Still, background wind conditions restricted the propagation of gravity waves from the mesosphere to the thermosphere and led to TID predominantly concentrated between 06:00 and 13:00 UT each day.
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