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Role of gut microbiota via the gut-liver-brain axis in digestive diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第40期26卷 6141-6162页

作者： Jian-Hong Ding Zhe Jin xiao-Xu Yang Jun Lou wei-xi shan Yan-xia Hu Qian Du Qiu-Shi Liao Rui xie Jing-Yu Xu Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi 563003Guizhou ProvinceChina

The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional information interaction system between the central nervous system(CNS) and the gastrointestinal tract, in which gut microbiota plays a key role. The gut microbiota forms a complex network with the enteric nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and the neuroendocrine and neuroimmunity of the CNS, which is called the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Due to the close anatomical and functional interaction of the gut-liver axis, the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis has attracted increased attention in recent years. The microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis mediates the occurrence and development of many diseases, and it offers a direction for the research of disease treatment. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of the gut microbiota in the irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, functional dyspepsia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy via the gut-liver-brain axis, and the focus is to clarify the potential mechanisms and treatment of digestive diseases based on the further understanding of the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis.

关键词： Microbiota-gut-brain axis Gut-liver axis Gut microbiota Digestive diseases Herbaceous medications

Acute and chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： shan Ping Yu Emily Choi Michael QJiang Ling wei Department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease are common neurological disorders and often occur in the same *** comorbidity of the two neurological disorders represents a grave health threat to older *** review presents a brief background of the development of novel concepts and their clinical *** activity of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca^(2+)influx is critical for neuronal *** ischemic insult induces prompt and excessive glutamate release and drastic increases of intracellular Ca^(2+)mainly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasynaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked neuronal cell death in the ischemic core is dominated by necrosis within a few hours and days known as acute ***,mild but sustained Ca^(2+)increases under neurodegenerative conditions such as in the distant penumbra of the ischemic brain and early stages of Alzheimer's disease are not immediately toxic,but gradually set off deteriorating Ca^(2+)-dependent signals and neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed cell death *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent advances,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silent”degenerative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades and is recognized as a unique slow and chronic *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN3A,primarily at the extrasynaptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and is neuroprotective against both acute and chronic *** stroke and Alzheimer's disease,therefore,share an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-and Ca^(2+)-mediated mechanism,although with much different time *** is thus proposed that early interventions to control Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for individuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive deficits hyperactivity late-onset Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits pathogenesis preventive treatment

Design,Synthesis of 6-Substituted-pyrido[3,2-d]pyridazine Derivatives with Anticonvulsant Activity

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Design,Synthesis of 6-Substituted-pyrido[3,2-d]pyridazine De...

Tranylcypromine upregulates Sestrin 2 expression to ameliorate NLRP3-related noise-induced hearing loss

2011年全国药物化学学术会议——药物的源头创新

作者： Guo-Hua Gong xiao-Mei Liu Cheng-xi wei Zhe-shan Quan~* College of Pharmacy,Yanbian University,Yanji,Jilin,133000,China,

＜正＞Aim to find new compounds with stronger anticonvulsant activity and lower neurotoxicity,a novel series of 6-substituted-pyrido[3,2-d]pyridazine derivatives was synthesized using furo[3,4-b] pyridine-5,7-dione as the starting *** anticonvulsant activities were evaluated by the maximal electroshock test（MES） and their neurotoxicities were measured by the rotarod ***

关键词： Pyrido[3,2-d]pyridazine Anticonvulsant Maximal electroshock Neurotoxicity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1483-1494页

作者： xihang Chen Zhifeng Chen Menghua Li weiwei Guo Shuolong Yuan Liangwei Xu Chang Lin xi Shi wei Chen Shiming Yang Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Chinese PLA General HospitalChinese PLA Medical SchoolBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Hearing and Balance Science BeijingChina National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases BeijingChina Key Laboratory of Hearing Science Ministry of EducationBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment BeijingChina Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLALanzhouGansu ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHainan UniversityHaikouHainan ProvinceChina Academician Workstation of Hainan University School of Pharmaceutical SciencesYazhou BaySanyaHainan ProvinceChina

Noise-induced hearing loss is the primary non-genetic factor contributing to auditory ***,there are currently no effective pharmacological interventions for patients with noise-induced hearing ***,we present evidence suggesting that the lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitor–tranylcypromine is an otoprotective agent that could be used to treat noise-induced hearing loss,and elucidate its underlying regulatory *** established a mouse model of permanent threshold shift hearing loss by exposing the mice to white broadband noise at a sound pressure level of 120 d B for 4 *** found that tranylcypromine treatment led to the upregulation of Sestrin2(SESN2)and activation of the autophagy markers light chain 3B and lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 in the cochleae of mice treated with *** noise exposure group treated with tranylcypromine showed significantly lower average auditory brainstem response hearing thresholds at click,4,8,and 16 k Hz frequencies compared with the noise exposure group treated with *** findings indicate that tranylcypromine treatment resulted in increased SESN2,light chain 3B,and lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 expression after noise exposure,leading to a reduction in levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and cleaved caspase-3,thereby reducing noise-induced hair cell ***,immunoblot analysis demonstrated that treatment with tranylcypromine upregulated SESN2 expression via the autophagy *** treatment also reduced the production of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domaincontaining 3(NLRP3)*** conclusion,our results showed that tranylcypromine treatment ameliorated cochlear inflammation by promoting the expression of SESN2,which induced autophagy,thereby restricting NLRP3-related inflammasome signaling,alleviating cochlear hair cell loss,and protecting hearing *** findings suggest that inhibiting lysine-specific demethylase 1 is a

关键词： 4-hydroxynonenal apoptosis autophagy cleaved caspase-3 inflammation NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3) noise-induced hearing loss oxidative stress Sestrin2 tranylcypromine

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关于“科学探究课”实验研究的理性思考

学科教育 2000年第11期 36-40页

作者：魏锡山天津市中山中学天津市南开区教科室天津300100

作者在科学探究课的实验过程中对“科学探究课”的界定、教学目标、教学策略、教学结构和组织形式进行了探索 ,并对科学探究课的教学方法提出了建议。

关键词：科学探究课实验研究理性思考科学教育理科

Nonlinear Description of Stimulated Raman Scattering and the Corresponding Four-Wave Process

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Chinese Physics Letters 1997年第9期14卷 678-681页

作者： WANG shan-cai HU xi-wei Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026

Nonlinear behaviors of the stimulated Raman scattering and the corresponding four-wave process(ω0→ω_(s)+ω_(pl)+ω_(p2))are *** analytic and numerical solutions of the coupling equations which count the decay of th... 详细信息

关键词： Nonlinear wave decay

Multiple scenario simulation and optimization of an urban green infrastructure network based on complex network theory:a case study in Harbin City,China

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 439-454页

作者： Shuang Song Shao‑Han Wang Meng‑xi Shi shan‑shan Hu Da‑wei Xu College of Landscape Architecture Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150000China Key Lab for Garden Plant Germplasm Development&Landscape Eco‑Restoration in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150000China

Background:Urban green infrastructure(GI)networks play a significant role in ensuring regional ecological security;however,they are highly vulnerable to the influence of urban development,and the optimization of GI networks with better connectivity and resilience under different development scenarios has become a practical problem that urgently needs to be *** Harbin,a megacity in Northeast China,as the case study,we set five simulation scenarios by adjusting the economic growth rate and extracted the GI network in multiple scenarios by integrating the minimal cumulative resistance model and the gravity *** low‑degree‑first(LDF)strategy of complex network theory was introduced to optimize the GI network,and the optimization effect was verified by robustness ***:The results showed that in the 5%economic growth scenario,the GI network structure was more complex,and the connectivity of the network was better,while in the other scenarios,the network structure gradually degraded with economic *** optimization by the LDF strategy,the average degree of the GI network in multiple scenarios increased from 2.368,2.651,2.189,1.972,and 1.847 to 2.783,3.125,2.643,2.414,and 2.322,respectively,and the GI network structure connectivity and resilience were significantly enhanced in all ***:Economic growth did not necessarily lead to degradation of the GI network;there was still room for economic development in the study area,but it was limited under existing GI conditions,and the LDF strategy was an effective method to optimize the GI *** research results provide a new perspective for the study of GI network protection with urban economic growth and serve as a methodological reference for urban GI network optimization.

关键词： GI network Simulation Complex network theory LDF strategy Robustness

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全喉切除病人自我护理能力状况的研究

护理研究 2008年第3期22卷 239-241页

作者：席淑新虞卫单蓉黄国秀复旦大学附属耳鼻喉科医院

[目的]了解国内全喉切除病人术后的自我护理能力,识别全喉切除病人的自理需求。[方法]采用问卷调查法,根据目的抽样方法选取符合抽样标准的307例全喉切除病人。研究工具包括一般资料部分和自理能力问卷部分。[结果]共回收有效问卷116份... 详细信息

[目的]了解国内全喉切除病人术后的自我护理能力,识别全喉切除病人的自理需求。[方法]采用问卷调查法,根据目的抽样方法选取符合抽样标准的307例全喉切除病人。研究工具包括一般资料部分和自理能力问卷部分。[结果]共回收有效问卷116份。病人出院前有58%～85%能掌握相关的自理知识和技能。病人出院后平均17个月有65%～95%能掌握相关的自我护理知识和技能。出院前和出院后自我护理能力经χ2检验,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]全喉切除病人的自我护理具有慢性病病人的特点,出院前和出院后仍有自我护理项目不能自理,所以需要临床护士采取个性化的自我护理教育措施,促进喉切除病人自我护理能力的提高。

关键词：喉癌全喉切除自我护理能力

单一及多组分混合物绿松石仿制品的光谱学特征研究

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光谱学与光谱分析 2025年第1期45卷 183-190页

作者：杨池玉汪田田张维肖汤维茜同济大学浙江学院浙江嘉兴314051

对市场新出现的一类仿制品进行了拉曼光谱、红外光谱、化学成分、紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱分析,对其主要谱学特征进行了归纳总结。结果表明这类仿制品主要由重晶石、三水铝石、方解石粉末单一组分或多组分混合压制再经环氧树脂类或丙... 详细信息

对市场新出现的一类仿制品进行了拉曼光谱、红外光谱、化学成分、紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱分析,对其主要谱学特征进行了归纳总结。结果表明这类仿制品主要由重晶石、三水铝石、方解石粉末单一组分或多组分混合压制再经环氧树脂类或丙烯酸酯类有机物胶结,并经人工染剂染色而成。红外光谱显示:单一矿物组分仿制品和绿松石差异明显,重晶石仿制品显示[SO_(4)]^(2-)的1078 cm^(-1)吸收峰等,方解石仿制品显示[CO_(3)]^(2-)的1476±cm^(-1)吸收峰等;多组分仿制品可见综合了多种矿物特征的吸收光谱,谱学特征复杂。根据缺失水峰,或仅显示三水铝石结构水OH-导致的3623、3528、3472和3388 cm^(-1)吸收峰,指纹区显示[SO_(4)]^(2-)、[CO_(3)]^(2-)相关吸收峰,可初步区分于绿松石。显微拉曼光谱测试结果表明多组分仿制品的不同测试位置矿物组成不同,可分别测试到三水铝石(3360、3432、3522、3614 cm^(-1))、重晶石(989 cm^(-1))、方解石(1088 cm^(-1))的特征峰,结合显微拉曼光谱及化学分析结果可进一步确认仿制品的具体矿物组成。紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱表明样品均经人工染剂染色,显示633±、713±nm吸收宽峰或610±、675±nm吸收宽峰。

关键词：三水铝石重晶石方解石振动光谱微区分析