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学校肺结核疫情风险与指示病例就诊间隔的关联

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中国学校卫生 2024年第1期45卷 138-141页

作者：张晓龙崔彩岩傅颖王斐娴李云蒋骏江苏省苏州市疾病预防控制中心结核病防制所 215004

目的分析学校肺结核疫情风险与指示病例就诊间隔的关系,为公共卫生部门预判肺结核疫情聚集风险和制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法以2015年1月至2022年12月期间,苏州市学校肺结核疫情630例指示病例为研究对象,收集其人口统计学、就诊史... 详细信息

目的分析学校肺结核疫情风险与指示病例就诊间隔的关系,为公共卫生部门预判肺结核疫情聚集风险和制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法以2015年1月至2022年12月期间,苏州市学校肺结核疫情630例指示病例为研究对象,收集其人口统计学、就诊史、病原学诊断以及发现方式等资料。采用限制性立方样条(RCS),非条件Logistic回归和受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)进行统计学分析。结果RCS拟合曲线显示,当病原学阴性患者就诊间隔>5.79 d,或病原学阳性患者就诊间隔>8.37 d时,肺结核疫情风险呈线性增加。调整性别、年龄和病原学检查后,指示病例就诊间隔每延长1 d,疫情发生高风险的OR值(95%CI)为1.10(1.07~1.13)(P<0.05)。按就诊间隔三分位分析,与就诊间隔<14 d相比,就诊间隔在14~<28 d和≥28 d的学校肺结核发生高风险疫情的OR值(95%CI)分别为10.32(3.04~35.10)和82.58(28.42~239.95)(P值均<0.01),呈就诊间隔延长,疫情风险上升趋势。通过ROC曲线分析,预测学校肺结核疫情高风险的最佳阈值为23.5 d,曲线下面积为0.93(95%CI=0.89~0.98)。结论指示病例就诊间隔延长是学校肺结核高风险疫情的良好预警指标,可作为疫情早期干预和风险控制的关键考量。

关键词：结核肺疾病暴发流行病例报告门诊医疗学生

东北地区未来春玉米干旱风险时空分布及对气候变化的响应

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中国农业科学 2024年第12期57卷 2336-2349页

作者：杨王华刘志娟巩敬锦付真真张太林张晓龙沈彦军杨晓光中国农业大学资源与环境学院中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心

【目的】干旱是影响中国农业生产的主要自然灾害之一。东北地区作为中国最大的玉米生产基地，气候变化背景下干旱频发重发严重影响玉米的高产稳产。评估未来气候情景下东北地区春玉米干旱发生风险及其空间格局变化，为该地区春玉米防旱... 详细信息

【目的】干旱是影响中国农业生产的主要自然灾害之一。东北地区作为中国最大的玉米生产基地，气候变化背景下干旱频发重发严重影响玉米的高产稳产。评估未来气候情景下东北地区春玉米干旱发生风险及其空间格局变化，为该地区春玉米防旱避灾以及保障其高产稳产提供科学依据。【方法】选取东北地区春玉米潜在种植区为研究区域，基于ISIMIP输出的SSP1-2.6、SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5 3种气候情景的1981—2060年逐日气象资料以及53个农业气象观测站1981—2014年春玉米生育期资料，选取作物水分亏缺指数（crop water deficit index,CWDI）为农业干旱指标，分析东北地区春玉米不同生育时期不同等级干旱时空分布特征，选择最优概率理论分布函数进行干旱指数序列的概率估算，基于信息扩散理论估算得到各点春玉米不同等级干旱风险，构建干旱风险指数，评估未来不同气候情景下东北地区春玉米干旱发生风险及未来各等级风险区的空间格局变化。【结果】（1）1981—2014年东北地区春玉米全生育期干旱指数总体呈西南高东北低的特征，表现为内蒙古东四盟（57.3%）>黑龙江省（40.6%）>辽宁省（39.5%）>吉林省（38.9%）。（2）研究区域春玉米生育中期干旱指数整体高于生育前期和生育后期。其中，2030s和2050s研究区域春玉米生育前期干旱风险概率为轻旱>中旱≈重旱>特旱，生育中期干旱风险概率为特旱>重旱>轻旱≈中旱，生育后期干旱风险概率轻旱>中旱>重旱>特旱。（3）1981—2060年，SSP1-2.6低排放情景下，东北地区春玉米较高等级干旱风险发生概率将减少，极高和较高干旱风险区明显向西南收缩，2030s和2050s面积占比分别减少5.4%和9.6%、0.8%和2.5%；而SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5两个高排放情景下，较高等级干旱风险发生概率增加，且较高干旱风险区向东北扩张，2050s面积占比分别增加8.5%和9.7%。【结论】基于干旱风险指数的未来干旱风险时空分布格局中，东北春玉米干旱风险呈现由西南向东北减少的特征，且未来SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5情景下，较高干旱风险区向东北方向扩张，需关注作物关键生育时期提出针对性的防御措施。

关键词：干旱风险气候变化东北地区春玉米 CMIP6 作物水分亏缺指数

Aptamer-induced in-situ growth of acetylcholinesterase-Cu_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)hybrid nanoflowers for electrochemical detection of organophosphorus inhibitors

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Nano Research 2023年第10期16卷 12134-12143页

作者： Limin Yang Linjiao Qu xiaolong zhang Mingming Li Zhen Liu State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China Institute of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen 518055Chin

Enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers(HNFs)have shown excellent sensing capabilities due to their large specific surface area as well as the simplicity and mildness of the preparation ***,coupling HNFs to electrodes to fabricate a uniform and controllable enzymatic electrochemical sensing interface remains a ***,we proposed an aptamer-induced insitu fabrication strategy for preparing an HNF-based electrochemical sensor with ideal *** to this strategy is the introduction of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)-specific binding aptamer(Apt),which induces the in-situ growth of AChE-copper phosphate(Cu_(3)(PO_(4))_(2))HNFs on the surface of carbon paper(CP).In addition,a dense gold nanoparticle(AuNP)layer was electrodeposited on the CP for anchoring Apt and further extending the electroactive surface *** prepared AChECu_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)HNF/Apt/AuNP/CP biosensor exhibited a wide detection range from 1 to 107 pM for the four organophosphorus inhibitors,including isocarbophos,dichlorvos,methamidophos,and parathion,with detection limits down to 0.016,0.028,0.071,and 0.113 pM,*** the reactivation of pralidoxime chloride,the electrode can still recover 98.1%of the response after five times of repeated *** real sample detection,the biosensor achieved high recoveries from 96.45%to 100.13%.The detection target may be extendable to other AChE inhibitors(e.g.,drugs for Alzheimer’s disease).This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of using aptamers as an inducer to fabricate an electrochemical enzyme sensing interface *** strategy can be used to fabricate other enzyme-based biosensors and therefore has broader applications.

关键词： in-situ fabrication aptamer enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers electrochemical biosensor acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A Straightforward Direct Traction Boundary Integral Method for Two-Dimensional Crack Problems Simulation of Linear Elastic Materials

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2019年第3期58卷 761-775页

作者： Chao zhang Chunhe Yang Shangwei Wu xiaolong zhang Wen Nie State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing Haixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesQuanzhouFujian362000China College of Safety Engineering Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing401331China.

This paper presents a direct traction boundary integral equation method(DTBIEM)for two-dimensional crack problems of *** traction boundary integral equation was collocated on both the external boundary and either side of the crack *** displacements and tractions were used as unknowns on the external boundary,while the relative crack opening displacement(RCOD)was chosen as unknowns on either side of crack surfaces to keep the single-domain *** one side of the crack surfaces was concerned and needed to be discretized,thus the proposed method resulted in a smaller system of algebraic equations compared with the dual boundary element method(DBEM).A new set of crack-tip shape functions was constructed to represent the strain field singularity exactly,and the SIFs were evaluated by the extrapolation of the *** examples for both straight and curved cracks are given to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.

关键词： Fracture mechanics direct traction integral method relative crack opening displacement stress intensity factor.

MessageLens:A Visual Analytics System to Support Multifaceted Exploration of MOOC Forum Discussions

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Visual Informatics 2018年第1期2卷 37-49页

作者： Jian-Syuan Wong xiaolong"Luke”zhang The Pennsylvania State University USA

Massive Open Online Courses(MOOCs)often provide online discussion forum tools to facilitate learner interaction and *** massive forum messages posted by learners everyday,MOOC forums are regarded as an important source for understanding learners activities and ***,the high volume and heterogeneity of MOOC forum contents make it challenging to analyze forum data effectively from different perspectives of discussions and to integrate diverse information into a coherent understanding of issues of *** this paper,we report a study on the design of a visual analytics tool to facilitate the multifaceted analysis of online discussion *** tool,called MessageLens,aims at helping MOOC instructors to gain a better understanding of forum discussions from three facets:discussion topic,learner attitude,and communication among *** various visualization tools,instructors can investigate learner activities from different *** report a case study with real-world MOOC forum data to present the features of MessageLens and a preliminary evaluation study on the benefits and areas of improvement of the *** research suggests an approach to analyzing rich communication contents as well as dynamic social interactions among people.

关键词： Multifaceted analysis MOOC forum visual analytics

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浙江省碳捕集利用与封存技术研究进展

南方能源建设 2024年第5期11卷 26-36页

作者：侯成龙来振亚陈嘉映吕洪坤丁历威章康张晓龙国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室

[目的]能源安全前提下的绿色低碳转型与工业结构调整是浙江省“碳达峰碳中和”工作面临的严峻挑战。由于浙江省煤电发电量占比较高，碳捕集利用与封存技术（CCUS）有望在浙江省能源与工业等领域的双碳技术体系中扮演重要角色，是实现化... 详细信息

[目的]能源安全前提下的绿色低碳转型与工业结构调整是浙江省“碳达峰碳中和”工作面临的严峻挑战。由于浙江省煤电发电量占比较高，碳捕集利用与封存技术（CCUS）有望在浙江省能源与工业等领域的双碳技术体系中扮演重要角色，是实现化石能源大规模低碳利用的重要技术选择。[方法]从CO2捕集、输送、利用与封存方面综述了浙江省CCUS技术的研究进展，介绍了浙江省CCUS工程示范项目的开展情况；总结了CCUS全链条各环节主要技术的特点，简要分析了当前CCUS技术发展的问题；展望了CCUS技术在浙江省的发展前景，并提出了发展建议。[结果]浙江省在CCUS各环节，特别是CO2捕集方面拥有良好的技术储备。省内全流程示范项目工艺路线多样，捕集侧包括燃烧前和燃烧后捕集，利用与封存侧涵盖生物、矿化、化工利用及地质封存，各环节技术成熟度差异化较明显。项目规模较小，初投资和运行成本普遍较高，空间分布分散，不利于形成产业集群。[结论]需准确把握浙江省重点领域CCUS潜力和源汇条件，因地制宜推广CCUS集成项目，持续开展技术研发，并在激励机制、政策法规、商业模式等方面予以保障。

关键词： CO2捕集 CO2利用地质封存 CCUS 碳达峰碳中和

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辽宁翁泉沟硼铁矿的选矿工艺矿物学研究

矿冶工程 2024年第2期44卷 60-62,70页

作者：瞿思思鄂继涛朱家祥张小龙冯威张浩靳跃栋长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司湖南长沙410012 辽宁首钢硼铁有限责任公司辽宁丹东118000

采用X射线衍射、镜下鉴定、扫描电镜、矿物参数自动分析系统、化学成分分析等研究了辽宁翁泉沟硼铁矿的化学成分、矿物组成及含量、主要矿物产出形式等,查明了各目的矿物之间的嵌布关系等特性,以及影响选矿效果的主要矿物学因素,并提出... 详细信息

采用X射线衍射、镜下鉴定、扫描电镜、矿物参数自动分析系统、化学成分分析等研究了辽宁翁泉沟硼铁矿的化学成分、矿物组成及含量、主要矿物产出形式等,查明了各目的矿物之间的嵌布关系等特性,以及影响选矿效果的主要矿物学因素,并提出了相应的选矿方法。

关键词：工艺矿物学硼铁矿目的矿物综合利用铀矿硼镁石

Experimental Model and Analytic Solution for Real-time Observation of Vehicle's Additional Steer Angle

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2014年第2期27卷 340-347页

作者： zhang xiaolong LI Liang PAN Deng CAO Chengmao SONG Jian School of Engineering Anhui Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua University

The current research of real-time observation for vehicle roll steer angle and compliance steer angle（both of them comprehensively referred as the additional steer angle in this paper） mainly employs the linear vehicle dynamic model, in which only the lateral acceleration of vehicle body is considered. The observation accuracy resorting to this method cannot meet the requirements of vehicle real-time stability control, especially under extreme driving conditions. The paper explores the solution resorting to experimental method. Firstly, a multi-body dynamic model of a passenger car is built based on the ADAMS/Car software, whose dynamic accuracy is verified by the same vehicle＇s roadway test data of steady static circular test. Based on this simulation platform, several influencing factors of additional steer angle under different driving conditions are quantitatively analyzed. Then ε-SVR algorithm is employed to build the additional steer angle prediction model, whose input vectors mainly include the sensor information of standard electronic stability control system（ESC）. The method of typical slalom tests and FMVSS 126 tests are adopted to make simulation, train model and test model＇s generalization performance. The test result shows that the influence of lateral acceleration on additional steer angle is maximal （the magnitude up to 1°）, followed by the longitudinal acceleration-deceleration and the road wave amplitude （the magnitude up to 0.3°）. Moreover, both the prediction accuracy and the calculation real-time of the model can meet the control requirements of ESC This research expands the accurate observation methods of the additional steer angle under extreme driving conditions.

关键词： vehicle ADAMS model additional steer SVM real-time observation

Real-time Tire Parameters Observer for Vehicle Dynamics Stability Control

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2010年第5期23卷 620-626页

作者： LI Liang LI Hongzhi zhang xiaolong HE Lin SONG Jian State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The performance of the vehicle dynamics stability control system（DSC） is dominated by the accurate estimation of tire forces in *** characteristics of tire forces are determined by tire dynamic states and parameters,which vary in an obviously large scope along with different working ***,there have been many methods based on the nonlinear observer to estimate the tire force and dynamic parameters,but they were only used in off-line analysis because of the computation complexity and the dynamics differences of four tires in the steering maneuver conditions were not considered *** paper develops a novel algorithm to observe tire parameters in real-time controller for *** algorithm is based on the sensor-fusion technology with the signals of DSC sensors,and the tire parameters are estimated during a set of maneuver *** calibrated tire parameters in the control cycle are treated as the elementary states for vehicle dynamics observation,in which the errors between the calculated and the measured vehicle dynamics are used as the correcting factors for the tire parameter observing *** test process with a given acceleration following a straight line is used to validate the estimation method of the longitudinal stiffness;while the test process with a given steering angle is used to validate the estimated value of the cornering *** ground test result shows that the proposed algorithm can estimate the tire stiffness accurately with an acceptable computation cost for real-time controller only using DSC sensor *** proposed algorithm can be an efficient algorithm for estimating the tire dynamic parameters in vehicle dynamics stability control system,and can be used to improve the robustness of the DSC controller.

关键词： tire longitudinal stiffness cornering stiffness vehicle dynamics stability